初中英语复习资料：现在完成时总结及习题.docx

现在完成时表示1）过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果（即它的完成用法）e.g. I have just cleaned the classroom.2)过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。注意：此时动作可能还要继续。（即它的未完成用法）。E.g. He has lived in Beijing for ten years.其结构是“have/has+过去分词”。过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。规则变化与过去式相同，不规则变化需要另记。它的否定句是在have/has后边加not，变一般疑问句是把have/has提前。E.g. I have ridden a horse. I have not ridden a horse. Have you ridden a horse?它的时间状语通常为already, just, yet, ever, never, before等。另外还可和since+表过去的时间点，for+时间段连用。做题时常见错误如下：一、易丢掉have/has例：He taken (take) the medicine before.答案：has taken解析：have/has 为助动词，起构成时态的作用，是不能省略的。我们可以这样记：“现在完成时态中，have/has 不可缺。”二、have与has易用混例：I has never heard (hear) of that before.答案：have heard三、延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错例：She has left (离开) for 2 hours. 答案：has been away解析：在肯定句中，与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词，不能是短暂性动词，但在否定句中短暂性动词也是可以的。E.g. I havent bought clothes for one year. 在此题中leave是短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用，须把它改成相应的延续性动词。如stop be over等。此题中leave要改成be away。这两种词的转换是学习现在完成时需要注意的。专项练习1、单选1 You have _ a tall young man.A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up2 He has _ the watch for a year.A buy B bought C have D had3 Has your brother _ the dog?A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on4I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D have kept5 Have you ever _to the Great Wall? Its very beautiful.A gone B been C went D go6 Her brother _the Party since 1978.A joined B has joined C has been in D was in7 The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China.A will visit B visited C have visited D visit8 Im sorry, I _ your name.A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten9 The bookshop _ for eight years.A has been open B has been opened Chas opened D has open10 We have all the paper so we need to buy some.A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for11 The flower I _grown up.A planted has B planted have C has planted D have planted答案：B 2 D 3 B 4D 5 B 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 A 11 A2、填空1 Have you ever _(take) a train?2 It _(be ) more than three years since Jim _(leave) here.3 Have you _(make)friends with your new classmates yet?4 I _(have) my lunch and Im not hungry now.5 Jim has never seen a panda, _he?6 We _(be) good friends since we met at school.7 We cant find him anywhere. Perhaps he_(go) home.8 He _(read) the book before.9 Mr. Green _(teach) us a lot about social studies since September.10 I _never_ (meet) her sister before.答案：1 taken 2 has been, left 3made 4 have had 5 has 6 have been 7 has gone 8 has read 9 has taught 10 have met四、have been to与 have gone to 易弄混例：我去过北京。I have gone to Beijing.答案：I have been to Beijing.解析：have been to+地点 是表示曾去过某地，但此刻不在那儿（即在说话的地方）。而have gone to+地点 是表示去某地了，此刻在路上或已经到了那个地方（即不在说话的地方）。注意：这两个句式后接副词时，需省to。E.g. He has gone there.五、 忘记把already变成yet例：I have already finished my homework.(变一般疑问句)Have you already finished your homework?答案：Have you finished your homework yet?解析：现在完成时态中，肯定句中有already，变否定句或疑问句时通常要改为yet六、在条件、时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来例：Ill go with you when I finish(finish) my homework.答案：have finished解析：在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作，用现在完成时。但注意，此时表示这动作将在另一动作之前完成，若两动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生，则一般不用现在完成时。另外，现在完成时易与一般过去时弄混，前边已经讲过,这里不在重复。