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(每日一练)2023年人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters考点突破
单选题
1、According to the scientists, the little polar bear will be the first ________ the extreme cold.
A.to surviveB.survivingC.to be survivingD.survived
答案:A
考查非谓语动词。句意:根据科学家的说法,这只小北极熊将是第一个在极端寒冷中幸存下来的。当动词修饰序数词或形容词最高级时,常使用不定式作后置定语;根据句意可知,此处陈述事实,应用不定式的一般式。故选A。
2、Try to avoid such things ________will do you harm, unless you don't care about the rumors from all directions.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.as that
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言,否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词things被such修饰,所以应用关系代词as。故选B。
3、The war and the suffering ________ caused had great effects on him.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
答案:D
考查代词。句意:战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为the war and the suffering,谓语动词为had,主谓之间为限定性定语从句,修饰名词suffering;根据句意分析,是“战争”带来了痛苦,先行词suffering,为物,在定语从句中作caused的宾语,从句可用关系代词that或which引导,也可省略关系代词;但是定语从句还缺少主语the war,此处选指示代词it,指代the war。本句完整的表达为:The war and the suffering (that/which) it caused had great effects on him. 故选D项。
4、We packed all the books in the boxes________they wouldn't get damaged.
A.as long asB.as ifC.in caseD.so that
答案:D
考查连词辨析。句意:我们把所有的书都打包放进箱子里,以便它们不被损坏。A. as long as只要;B. as if好像;C. in case以防,万一;D. so that以便。根据句意可知,设空处后的句意是前面句子的目的,因此“so that”符合句意。故选D。
小提示:
5、She took photographs of the things and people ______ she was interested in.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.of whom
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:她拍下了她感兴趣的人和事的照片。分析句式结构可知she was interested in为定语从句。再根据 the things and people 可知,先行词既指人又指物,且在从句中做宾语。所以只能用关系代词that引导。故选C项。
6、Do you know anything about the accident _________ in the street yesterday?
A.happenedB.was happening
C.which happenedD.which was happened
答案:C
考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词which,结合时间状语yesterday可知,从句谓语happen为一般过去时,不及物动词happen不能变为被动。故选C项。
7、Grandma said she was feeling okay, but I think I could ________ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.
A.experienceB.detectC.showD.suffer
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:奶奶说她感觉很好,但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历;B.detect察觉;C.show展示;D.suffer遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知,句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”,空格处意为“察觉”,故选B。
8、In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland ______ by human activity.
A.damageB.damagedC.damagingD.to damage
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:近年来,我们看到大面积的湿地被人类活动破坏。damage与large areas of wetland是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作宾语补足语。故选B。
9、The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.on which
答案:B
考查定语从句关系词。句意:孩子们花几个小时的时间和电视机前的人保持单向的关系,这无疑影响了他们与现实生活中的人的关系。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是The hours,指物,在从句中宾语,用关系代词that/which。故选B项。
10、A sport with a broom on ice ________ requires bowling ________ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.
A.that … precisionB.that … diversity
C./ … precisionD./ … diversity
答案:A
考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意:冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动,它在冰上要使用冰刷,这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度;diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句,先行词是sport,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which,且不能省略;第二个空处考查名词词义辨析,根据常识可知,冰壶要求精准度,应用名词precision。故选A项。
11、The Beatles, ____________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.as
答案:D
考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作remember的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选D。
12、The solider ______ arms are missing in the battle has just got a first class merit.
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:那个在战斗中失去手臂的士兵刚刚获得一等功勋。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,代替先行词solider,指人,在从句中充当定语修饰从句主语arms,所以应填关系代词whose。故选A项。
13、A real friend is someone_____support we can count on.
A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知,_____support we can count on是一个定语从句,先行词是someone,从句当中的support前缺少定语,定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有whose。故选A。
14、Playing football is so fun that it ________millions of people.
A.attractsB.exploresC.remindsD.survives
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:踢足球很有趣,它吸引了数百万人。A. attracts吸引;B. explores探索;C. reminds提醒;D. survives幸存。根据空前“Playing football is so fun”可知,因为踢足球有趣,所以吸引了数百万人。故选A。
15、The excitement of diving into the sea is hard to explain to ________hasn’t done it.
A.anyoneB.those whoC.whoever thatD.someone who
答案:D
考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意:潜入大海的兴奋感很难向没有这样做过的人解释。根据句意及所给选项可知,anyone可作介词to的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用who/that引导且不能省略,故A项错误;those作介词to的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,可用who引导,who指代those,是复数概念,助动词应用have,故B项错误;whoever引导句子作介词to的宾语,且在从句中作主语,连词that多余,故C项错误;someone作介词to的宾语,关系词在从句中作主语,可用who引导,who指代someone,是单数概念,助动词用have,故D项正确。故选D。
16、The boss ________ company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
A.whoseB.in whoseC.of whoseD.in which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:金先生工作的那家公司老板听说了那次事故。短语work in意为“在……工作”;分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是boss ,先行词the boss 和company之间为修饰关系,应用关系代词whose;此处可将in提到关系词前面。故选B项。
17、【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A.whichB.who
C.asD.that
答案:A
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
点睛:非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分,也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致,即:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18、Stores sell pet pants and bikinis, and doctors will perform cosmetic surgery ________your pet needs a facelift.
A.in caseB.even thoughC.as ifD.ever since
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:商店出售宠物裤和比基尼,如果你的宠物需要整容,医生会给它做整容手术。A. in case假如,如果;B. even though虽然,即使;C. as if犹如,好似;D. ever since从那时起。根据句意,“your pet needs a facelift”是“doctors will perform cosmetic surgery”的条件,应用in case引导条件状语从句。故选A项。
19、Of the six people injured in the crash, only two ________ .
A.cancelledB.survivedC.attractedD.published
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在车祸中受伤的六个人中,只有两人幸存。A. cancelled取消;B. survived幸存;C. attracted吸引;D. published出版。根据句意可知,句中六人在车祸中受伤了,由此可知,句中指受伤的六人中只有两人幸存,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,动词要用过去式。故选B项。
20、Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything _______makes a man".
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.不填
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:就连阿蒙森也被斯科特的死感动了,他说:“斯科特上尉留下了一份记录,记录了他的诚实、真诚、勇敢,造就了一个人的一切。分析句子,定语从句部分缺主语,引导词用关系代词且不可省略。故可排除D项。再根据先行词指物可排除C项。本题定语从句的先行词为复合不定代词everything故引导词只能为that不用which。综合分析,故选A 项。
21、As is often suggested, we should try to deal with everything in a peaceful way rather than by means of ______.
A.forceB.strengthC.powerD.energy
答案:A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:正如人们经常建议的那样,我们应该尝试用和平的方式而不是用武力来解决一切问题。A. force武力;B. strength力量,优势;C. power权力;D. energy精力。根据“ in a peaceful way”和“rather than”可知,此处表示用和平的方式而不是用武力来解决一切问题。故选A。
22、He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:他买了一幢新楼,它的顶部和周围其他的不同。句中包含定语从句,先行词是building,_____top is different from those of the others around是定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作top的定语,指楼的顶部,用关系代词whose引导。故选D。
23、I think this is the most interesting story_________is made up by my uncle.
A.whatB.which
C.thatD.as
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我认为这是我叔叔编的最有趣的故事了。_________could be used to buy clothes for his children.是一个定语从句,由于先行词story在定语从句中作主语,且被形容词的最高级修饰,因此关系代词只能用that,故选C。
24、The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.of which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:穿黑色外套的那个人正在门口等着。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是man,关系词在从句中作定语,和coat是所属关系,应用whose引导。故选B项。
25、—Tomorrow is Teachers’ Day. What is your surprise for our English teacher?
—The first thing ________ I will do is to make an English card for her.
A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:——明天是教师节。你给我们的英语老师什么惊喜?——我要做的第一件事是给她做一张英语卡。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是thing,被序数词first修饰,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,只用关系代词that。故选D项。
26、I will never forget the days ________ we spent together.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.why
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是days,指时间,关系词在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语,所以空处需用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故选B。
27、This is the first birthday gift ________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我已经保存了很多年了。空处引导定语从句,在定语从句中缺少宾语,且先行词gift被序数词first修饰,所以应用关系代词that。故选B。
28、We sell a lot of products abroad and the opportunity to open-up markets in regions ________ we don’t currently sell a lot to is a great one.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.when
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我们在海外销售了很多产品,在目前销量不大的地区打开市场的机会非常大。空处引导定语从句,先行词regions,指物,在定语从句中作宾语,需用关系代词that引导。故选B。
29、Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as many different cultures as the United States is a difficult thing.
A.whichB.oneC.thatD.it
答案:B
考查不定代词。句意:要了解一个国家的文化习惯,尤其是像美国这样一个集成了多种文化国家的文化,是很困难的。A. which指代物;B. one一个;C. that指代人或物;D. it它。通过句子结构判断,整句话中只有一个谓语动词is,所以不能使用从句的引导词,排除A和C,同时it指代的是同类同物,表示特指,不符合题意。整个句子的主语是Understanding the cultural habits of another nation,one作为同位语,泛指前文提到的一个国家的文化习惯。后面的containing as many different cultures as the United States是对one进行修饰,使用的是现在分词作后置定语。故选B。
30、Those ______ achieve great things are the ones willing to be scared but not scared off.
A.whatB.whoC.whichD.whom
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:那些取得伟大成就的人是那些愿意被吓到但不会被吓倒的人。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词Those指人,因此空格处用关系代词who,故选B。
完成句子
31、多达100,000人观看了这场拳击赛。
________________ 100,000 people watched the boxing game.
答案:As many as
考查固定短语。根据汉语提示可知,此处需要翻译“多达”,且修饰可数名词people,应用固定短语as many as。位于句首首字母大写。故填As many as。
32、这是我曾看过的第一部美国电影。
This is the first American film ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
答案: that I have ever seen
考查定语从句。根据句意可知,本空格在句中作film在句中作定语,film在定语从句中作see的宾语,因为先行词被序数词first修饰时,关系词只能用that。根据语境可知,定语从句要用现在完成时,故填(1). that (2). I (3). have (4). ever (5). seen。
33、一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名, 被称为万婴之母.
She________ ________ ________the mother of ten thousand babies,having________over fifty thousand babies in her lifetime.
答案: was known as delivered
考查固定短语、动词和时态。be known as是固定短语,意为“因作为……而出名”,分析句子可知,此处应填动词作谓语,且时态应为一般过去时,主语为She,故此处应填was known as;表示“接生”应用动词deliver,结合前文的having可知,此处应用动词的过去分词形式,故空处应填delivered。故填①was②known③as④delivered。
34、被困的矿工们就要放弃时,救援到了。
The trapped miners were about to give up ______________________________.
答案:when rescue came
考查时态,名词和从句。根据中英文提示可知,此处为be about to do sth.when...句型,表示“正打算做某事,这时候”,由上文的were可知用一般过去时,rescue“救援”不可数名词,come“来”,故填when rescue came。
35、我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的所有的朋友。
I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案: I have made over the years
考查定语从句和时态。 all the friends为先行词,根据所给汉语意思后面需要一个定语从句来修饰先行词,即“我这些年来交到的”译为I have made over the years,其中先行词all the friends在定语从句中作made的宾语,关系代词用whom,关系词在定语从句中作宾语时常常省略,从句的时间状语为over the years,所以定语从句时态为现在完成时。故填I have made over the years。
36、你在其他任何地方都不可能找到像开化国家森林公园这么宁静、美丽的地方,它的美无法形容。
Nowhere else ________ such a quiet and beautiful place ________ Kaihua National Forest Park, ________ beauty is beyond description.
答案: can you find as whose
考查倒装和定语从句。否定词nowhere放在句首,主句用部分倒装结构。such ...as ...如此……以至于……。句中先行词为Kaihua National Forest Park,在非限定性定语从句中作名词beauty的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导。根据句意,故填can you find;as;whose。
37、After the terrible earthquake, the homeless need___________________.
可怕的地震过后,无家可归的人不仅需要食物和水,还需要合适的住所。
答案:not only food and water but also proper shelter
考查并列连词和名词。根据句意,空处应用并列连词“not only…but also”并列名词“食物和水”food and water(不可数名词)和名词短语“合适的住所”proper shelter(此处shelter为抽象名词,不可数)。故填not only food and water but also proper shelter。
38、他写了一本书,我忘记了书的名字。
He has written a book ________ I’ve forgotten.
答案:whose name
考查定语从句。表示“书的名字”用a book’s name,分析可知,空白及之后的内容为定语从句,先行词为a book,作name的定语,所以关系词用whose,结合汉语提示,故填whose name
39、The economy is beginning to_________(复苏). (根据汉语意思完成句子)
答案:revive
考查非谓语动词。句意:经济开始复苏。revive意为“复苏”,分析句子结构,begin to do为固定用法,意为“开始做”,设空出需填动词原形和to构成动词不定式作宾语。故填revive。
40、为了隐藏他的悲伤,他说着笑着,似乎没有发生过任何事。(虚拟语气)
In order to __________, he talked and laughed ____________.
答案: hide his sadness as if nothing had happened
考查动词原形和虚拟语气。in order to do sth. (为了做某事),hide (隐藏)用动词原形形式,his sadness作宾语,as if (似乎、好像)引导方式状语从句,由talked and laughed 可知,与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词happen用过去完成时。故填①hide his sadness;②as if nothing had happened。
语法填空
41、There are many people________ only online activity is sending and receiving e-mails. (用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句。句意:有许多人的唯一在线活动是发送和接收电子邮件。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,people是先行词,它和activity构成所属关系,因此使用whose引导定语从句,它在从句中作定语修饰activity,故填whose。
42、After he retired, the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from ________ (damage). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:being damaged
考查非谓语动词。句意:在他退休之后,老人尽其所能去保护旧庙不被损坏。固定短语protect...from doing“使……免受,保护”,the old temple与damage是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,因此使用动名词的被动式。故填being damaged。
43、Without oxygen, the brain ________(damage) quickly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:is damaged
考查动词语态。句意:没有氧气,大脑很快就会受损。句子陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语与damage是逻辑动宾关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是单数。故填is damaged。
44、We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ______ we set at the beginning of the year. (用适当的词填空)
答案:which##that##不填
考查定语从句。句意:一个月之后,我们将实现今年年初设定的销售目标。______ we set at the beginning of the year是定语从句,修饰the sales targets,引导词在从句中作set的宾语,指物,应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。而且,关系代词在从句中作宾语时,还可以省略。故填which/that/不填。
45、People ________ oppose cloning also reject the use of animals as research tools. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##who
考查定语从句。句意:反对克隆的人也拒绝使用动物作为研究工具。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是people,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或who引导。故填that或who。
46、This is the very hotel ____________ I stayed at when I was travelling here. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that
考查定语从句引导词。句意:这就是我在这里旅行时住过的旅馆。分析句子可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为the very hotel,(先行词中由the very修饰时,通常用关系代词that指代事物,)关系代词that引导从句,在从句中作介词at的宾语。故填that。
47、—Do you have any plans for the summer break?
—Not really. I think I am just staying at home ________ (read) some books. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:reading
考查非谓语动词。句意:——你这个暑假有什么计划吗?——真的没有。我想我只会是待在家里,看一些书。分析句子可知,“ I am just staying at home ① (read) some books. ”为宾语从句,“think”为主句的谓语;在宾语从句中,stay为谓语,所以 read some books 在句中做状语,要使用非谓语动词,I和read是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填reading。
48、Many houses ____________(destroy) and worse still, many people were injured or some even killed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:were destroyed
考查动词语态。句意:许多房屋被毁,更糟的是,许多人受伤,甚至一些人死亡。destroy与主语Many houses是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,由many people were injured or some even killed可知,事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时,主语是复数,be动词用were。故填were destroyed。
49、What differed from the previous case was that the suspect________(destroy)the database and the corresponding data. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had destroyed
考查过去完成时。句意:与前一案件不同的是,嫌疑犯已经销毁了数据库和相应的数据。分析句子可知,空处为表语从句的谓语,结合句意可知,destory的动作在主句动作was之前已经完成了,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时,the suspect与destory之间为主动关系,所以应用过去完成时的主动语态。故填had destoryed。
50、He helplessly watched the wave sweep his cap ________.(用适当的词填空)
答案:away
考查固定短语。句意:他无助地看着海浪把他的帽子卷走。句中sweep sth away为固定短语,意为“把……卷走”。故填away。
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