定语从句、强调句和同位语从句.doc

(完整版)定语从句、强调句和同位语从句
定语从句、同位语从句与强调句
一、 定语从句
1、 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who， whom, whose, that, which；关系副词有：when, where， why。
2、非限制性定语从句的“四个不能":
（1）非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导.
（2）非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which 代替。
例：I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting。
（3） 由“介词+关系代词”时，关系代词不能用as.
（4） 指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom，不能省略。
3、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
（1)先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时.　　
（3） 先行词中既有人又有物时。
　 例:He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus。
（4） 先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
　　例：The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago。
（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。　　
例：Which are the books that you bought for me ?
4、 几个特殊的定语从句句型：
(1）He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match。
(句中one为先行词）
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match。
（句中students为先行词)
（2） Is this place the one (that） we visited yesterday？
Is this the place（that / which）we visited yesterday ？
（3）He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
（4）It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
5、定语从句的做题方法：
（1）找出主句,确定先行词；
（2）找出从句,判断从句是否完整（是否符合简单句的基本构成)-—否，用关系代词；
是，用关系副词。
二、 同位语从句
1、同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导.
例：The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people。
2、同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
例： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off。
三、 强调句
1、 强调句型的基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分（主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语等) + that/who +句子的其余部分。
例：It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. （强调时间状语)
2、 强调句中含有not until的句子
在强调not until句型时，not 位于until从句前,主句谓语动词作相应变化，即
it is （was） +not until从句+that +其它。 
例：It was not until he had finished the work that he went home.   
四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1、定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语）,而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
2、定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明.
例：（1）The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year。(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
（2）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
注意：当主句的谓语部分过短时,同位语从句放在谓语动词的后面，以免头重脚轻，句子不平衡.
例：Word came that our team had won the game.
五、 定语从句与强调句的区别
1、 定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。　　
2、 强调it无意义,that / who不是引导词.
3、 强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是. 例:It is the museum that / which we visited last year。(定语从句）
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night。（强调句）

练习：
1、1．He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school．
A．which B．who C．it D．that
2．His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made．
A．that B．which C．where D．there
3．There is no dictionary you can find everything．
A．that B．which C．where D．in that
4．Next month， you’ll spend in your hometown is coming．
A．which B．that C．when D．where
5. It was on 12 May,2008______the earthquake of Wenchuan county，Sichuan provimce happened。
A。since B.which C.that D.when。
6．Next month， you’ll be in your hometown is coming．
A．which B．that C．when D．where
7．He wanted to know the time he needed to know ．
A．that B．when C．where D．what
8．There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities．
A．that B．which C．where D．as

9．They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English ．
A．that B．which C．as D．what
10. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities。
　　A. while    B。 that    C。 when    D。 as
11．Crusoe’s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely ．
A．as B．which C．that D．this
12。 It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site.
A 。that B. when C。 while D. as
13。 There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever。
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
14． has been said above ，grammar is a set of dead rules．
A．Which B．What
C．That D．As
15. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，which is the information ____ has been put forward.
　　A. what    B。 that    C. when    D。 as
16．Do you know the man ？
A．whom I spoke B．to who I spoke
C．I spoke to D．that I spoke
17。 It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance.
A. which B。 it C. that D. this
18。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation __ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D。 why
19。 when was it you called me yesterday？
A。 until B。 that C. then D. so
20．The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp ．
A．with which B．with it C．with that D．Which
21、Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B。 in what C. which D. in which
22、I wish to thank Professor Smith， without ____ help I would never have got this far。 A. who B。 whose C。 whom D。 which
23、By 16:30, ____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold。
A。 which B。 when C。 what D. that
24、Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what B。 which C。 that D。 where
25、It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.
A。 what; that        B. that; what         C。 that; which           D。 which; that

1—5 D C C A C 6—10： C A D A B 11—15： B A A D B 16—20： C C A B A
21-25 DBAC A