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(每日一练)2023年人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters经典知识题库
单选题
1、With much heat __________ from the sun, the panels __________ it into energy __________the building.
A.capturing; dominate; poweredB.capturing; convert; powered
C.captured; dominate; poweringD.captured; convert; powering
答案:D
考查过去分词、现在分词和固定搭配。句意:利用从太阳捕获的大量热量,电池板将其转化为能源,为建筑提供动力。分析句子可知,第一空作宾补,表示与宾语heat之间的被动关系,所以应填其过去分词形式captured;第二空填谓语动词,句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,convert...into...为固定搭配,表示“将......转换为......”,符合语境,dominate“统治,支配”,不合语境;第三空填现在分词powering作后置定语,表示“提供动力”,修饰名词energy,表示与其逻辑主语energy之间的主动关系。故选D项。
2、The nurse will be ______ when needed, so it’s unnecessary to worry about the patient.
A.in the open airB.on handC.in shockD.now and then
答案:B
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意:需要时护士会在旁边,所以不必担心病人。A. in the open air在户外;B. on hand在场,在旁边;C. in shock处于震惊之中;D. now and then时而,有时。根据句意可知,不必担心病人,因为如果病人有需要,护士会在旁边,“on hand”意为“在跟前,在旁边”,符合句意。故选B项。
3、I wish to thank Mrs. Smith, without ______help I would never make so much progress.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我要感谢史密斯太太,没有她的帮助,我决不会取得这么大的进步。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Mrs. Smith,在从句中作定语,应用whose,故选B。
4、In 1963 the World Food Programme was set up, one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A.itsB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子可知,此处包含一个非限定性定语从句,由句意可知,句中先行词 the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作名词purposes的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导从句。故选B。
5、The Beatles, ____________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.as
答案:D
考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作remember的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选D。
6、I’ll never forget the persons and places _______ I visited yesterday.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我将永远不会忘记我昨天去拜访的人和参观的地方。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词the persons and places在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词,又先行词有人又有物,应用关系代词that,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:the persons and places
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词the persons and places在从句_______ I visited yesterday.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词有人有物时应用关系代词that
故选A项。
7、Grandma said she was feeling okay, but I think I could ________ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.
A.experienceB.detectC.showD.suffer
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:奶奶说她感觉很好,但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历;B.detect察觉;C.show展示;D.suffer遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知,句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”,空格处意为“察觉”,故选B。
8、In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland ______ by human activity.
A.damageB.damagedC.damagingD.to damage
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:近年来,我们看到大面积的湿地被人类活动破坏。damage与large areas of wetland是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作宾语补足语。故选B。
9、Of the six people injured in the crash, only two ________ .
A.cancelledB.survivedC.attractedD.published
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在车祸中受伤的六个人中,只有两人幸存。A. cancelled取消;B. survived幸存;C. attracted吸引;D. published出版。根据句意可知,句中六人在车祸中受伤了,由此可知,句中指受伤的六人中只有两人幸存,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,动词要用过去式。故选B项。
10、According to the scientists, the little polar bear will be the first ________ the extreme cold.
A.to surviveB.survivingC.to be survivingD.survived
答案:A
考查非谓语动词。句意:根据科学家的说法,这只小北极熊将是第一个在极端寒冷中幸存下来的。当动词修饰序数词或形容词最高级时,常使用不定式作后置定语;根据句意可知,此处陈述事实,应用不定式的一般式。故选A。
11、One day, an idea ________ Waters that maybe her cooking could help her make some money.
A.struckB.beatC.occurredD.recalled
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一天,沃特斯突然想到,也许她的厨艺可以帮她赚些钱。A. struck击打,突然想到;B. beat打败;C. occurred出现,(想法)产生;D. recalled回想起。根据句意可知,句中表达了“突然想到……”的含义,需要用到sth. strikes sb.或sth. occurs to sb.来表示;此处为一般过去时,所以动词要用过去式。故选A项。
12、The war and the suffering ________ caused had great effects on him.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
答案:D
考查代词。句意:战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为the war and the suffering,谓语动词为had,主谓之间为限定性定语从句,修饰名词suffering;根据句意分析,是“战争”带来了痛苦,先行词suffering,为物,在定语从句中作caused的宾语,从句可用关系代词that或which引导,也可省略关系代词;但是定语从句还缺少主语the war,此处选指示代词it,指代the war。本句完整的表达为:The war and the suffering (that/which) it caused had great effects on him. 故选D项。
13、______ run fast should take part in the 400-meter race in the sports meet tomorrow.
A.Anyone whoB.Whoever
C.No matter whoD.Those who
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:那些跑得快的人应该参加明天运动会的400米赛跑。结合句意和句子结构可知,空处应处理为定语从句或者主语从句,故排除C;anyone作先行词时,关系代词who是单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除A;whoever引导主语从句作主语时看作第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除B;those作先行词时,关系代词who是复数概念,谓语动词用原形,故D项符合题意。故选D。
小提示:
14、It is very important to remain________in an emergency.
A.calmB.stillC.quietD.silent
答案:A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在紧急情况下保持冷静是非常重要的。A. calm镇静的;B. still静止的;C. quiet安静的;D. silent沉默的。根据an emergency,结合常识可知,遇到突发情况时应保持镇静。故选A。
15、The boss ________ company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
A.whoseB.in whoseC.of whoseD.in which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:金先生工作的那家公司老板听说了那次事故。短语work in意为“在……工作”;分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是boss ,先行词the boss 和company之间为修饰关系,应用关系代词whose;此处可将in提到关系词前面。故选B项。
16、【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A.whichB.who
C.asD.that
答案:A
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
点睛:非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分,也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致,即:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
17、A sport with a broom on ice ________ requires bowling ________ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.
A.that … precisionB.that … diversity
C./ … precisionD./ … diversity
答案:A
考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意:冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动,它在冰上要使用冰刷,这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度;diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句,先行词是sport,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which,且不能省略;第二个空处考查名词词义辨析,根据常识可知,冰壶要求精准度,应用名词precision。故选A项。
18、The excitement of diving into the sea is hard to explain to ________hasn’t done it.
A.anyoneB.those whoC.whoever thatD.someone who
答案:D
考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意:潜入大海的兴奋感很难向没有这样做过的人解释。根据句意及所给选项可知,anyone可作介词to的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用who/that引导且不能省略,故A项错误;those作介词to的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,可用who引导,who指代those,是复数概念,助动词应用have,故B项错误;whoever引导句子作介词to的宾语,且在从句中作主语,连词that多余,故C项错误;someone作介词to的宾语,关系词在从句中作主语,可用who引导,who指代someone,是单数概念,助动词用have,故D项正确。故选D。
19、I think this is the most interesting story_________is made up by my uncle.
A.whatB.which
C.thatD.as
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我认为这是我叔叔编的最有趣的故事了。_________could be used to buy clothes for his children.是一个定语从句,由于先行词story在定语从句中作主语,且被形容词的最高级修饰,因此关系代词只能用that,故选C。
20、Sophia Scott started a free tutoring service to help anyone ________ had difficulty catching up.
A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:索菲亚·斯科特开始了一项免费辅导服务,帮助赶上有困难的人。句中先行词为anyone,指人,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导。故选D。
21、Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag ________the original blue box ________the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.
A.containing, whereB.to contain, whichC.containing, /D.to contain, that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯·达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语a bright pink gift bag之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词in后的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选C项。
22、People ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
A.WhoB.whichC.whomD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:有兴趣探索艺术与科学之间关系的人将参观新加坡艺术科学博物馆。分析句子可知,people为先行词,作定语从句interest的定语,关系代词为whose。故选D项。
23、Matter is anything ______.
A.that take up space and have weightB.which take up space and have weight
C.that takes up space and has weightD.those take up space and have weight
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:物质是任何占据空间并有重量的东西。分析句子结构可知,anything后跟定语从句,anything是不定代词,其后的关系代词只能用that不能用which,因此排除选项B和D,that指代先行词anything,是不定代词,由is可知,句子时态是一般现在时,因此其后谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是that takes up space and has weight,故选C。
24、The novel published last month, ________ author was a 15-year-old girl, is a best-seller.
A.whichB.whoC.whenD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:这本小说上个月出版,作者是一个15岁的女孩,是一本畅销书。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少定语,修饰先行词the novel。故选D。
25、Have you bought the same book________ I referred to yesterday?
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:D
考查定语从句关系词。句意:你买了我昨天提到的那本书了吗?分析句子可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是the same book,在从句中作to的宾语,the same…as…(和……一样),句中应由as引导定语从句。故选D项。
26、This is the first birthday gift ________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我已经保存了很多年了。空处引导定语从句,在定语从句中缺少宾语,且先行词gift被序数词first修饰,所以应用关系代词that。故选B。
27、The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag________the original blue box________the notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.
A.containing; whereB.to contain; whichC.containing; /D.to contain; that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:警方发现,这两本“被盗”的笔记本被放在一个里面装着存放这两本笔记本的原来的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封的礼品袋里。此题第一空考查非谓语动词,contain与逻辑主语a gift bag为主谓关系,应用现在分词containing,作后置定语。第二空考查定语从句,先行词为the original blue box,在限制性定语从句中作介词in的宾语,为物,设空处可用关系代词that/which,也可省略。故选C项。
28、We sell a lot of products abroad and the opportunity to open-up markets in regions ________ we don’t currently sell a lot to is a great one.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.when
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我们在海外销售了很多产品,在目前销量不大的地区打开市场的机会非常大。空处引导定语从句,先行词regions,指物,在定语从句中作宾语,需用关系代词that引导。故选B。
29、Some regional and international passenger flights remain ________ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A.crashedB.conductedC.suspendedD.sustained
答案:C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,直到另行通知。A. crashed撞车;B. conducted实施;C. suspended暂停;D. sustained维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,应用suspend。故选C。
30、—Tomorrow is Teachers’ Day. What is your surprise for our English teacher?
—The first thing ________ I will do is to make an English card for her.
A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:——明天是教师节。你给我们的英语老师什么惊喜?——我要做的第一件事是给她做一张英语卡。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是thing,被序数词first修饰,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,只用关系代词that。故选D项。
完成句子
31、一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名, 被称为万婴之母.
She________ ________ ________the mother of ten thousand babies,having________over fifty thousand babies in her lifetime.
答案: was known as delivered
考查固定短语、动词和时态。be known as是固定短语,意为“因作为……而出名”,分析句子可知,此处应填动词作谓语,且时态应为一般过去时,主语为She,故此处应填was known as;表示“接生”应用动词deliver,结合前文的having可知,此处应用动词的过去分词形式,故空处应填delivered。故填①was②known③as④delivered。
32、工作人员为那些家已被毁的幸存者建造住所。
Workers built shelters for survivors________.
答案:whose homes had been destroyed
考查定语从句和时态。根据句意可知,此处涉及定语从句,先行词为 survivors,作定语从句的定语,关系代词为whose,定语从句为过去完成时的被动语态,主语为homes,谓语为had been destroyed。故填whose homes had been destroyed。
33、The heavy rain completely __________________.
大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。
答案:ruined our holiday
考查时态。“毁坏”应用ruin,“我们的假期”应用our holiday,作ruin的宾语。结合句意表示发生在过去的事情,要使用一般过去时,故填ruined our holiday。
34、这位老妇人在儿子去世后遭受了巨大的痛苦。
The old lady________ ________ ________after her son died.
答案: suffered great pain
考查时态、形容词和名词。结合从句谓语died可知,本句时态用一般过去时,表示“遭受”可用动词suffer,且用动词的过去式形式suffered;表示“巨大的”可用形容词great作定语;表示“痛苦”可用名词pain作宾语。故答案为①suffered②great③pain。
35、那座桥有200米长。
________________ the bridge is 200 metres.
答案:The length of
考查名词。根据句意可知,“长”译为“ length ”在句子中做主语。此处表示“桥的长度”,故译为“the length of the bridge”。故填the length of。
36、这种工作能让你珍惜自己挣来的钱,并尊重那些做此工作的人。
This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and __________________.
答案:respect those who did the work
考查定语从句。动词respect为及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。句中先行词为those,指人,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导。根据主句时态可知,用一般过去时。根据句意,故填respect those who did the work。
37、众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。(一句多译)
(1)As we all know, smoking can ____________(damage n.)
(2)It is well known that smoking can ____________.(damage vt.)
答案: do/cause damage to our health damage our health
考查动词短语、名词短语和情态动词。小题1中,提示词damage作名词,结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语do/cause damage to,意为“损害……”,表示“我们的健康”,用名词短语our health;故小题1填do/cause damage to our health。
考查动词和名词短语。小题2中,提示词damage作动词,结合句意可知,damage在句中作谓语动词,因为设空前有情态动词can,所以damage用原形;表示“我们的健康”,用名词短语our health。故小题2填damage our health。
38、这支笔和我昨天买的一样。
This is __________________ I bought yesterday.
答案:the same pen as
考查定语从句。该空后是定语从句I bought yesterday,被the same修饰的先行词pen,指物,在从句中作宾语,用关系代词as,构成the same...as (与……一样)结构,表同类事物。故填the same pen as。
39、我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的所有的朋友。
I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案: I have made over the years
考查定语从句和时态。 all the friends为先行词,根据所给汉语意思后面需要一个定语从句来修饰先行词,即“我这些年来交到的”译为I have made over the years,其中先行词all the friends在定语从句中作made的宾语,关系代词用whom,关系词在定语从句中作宾语时常常省略,从句的时间状语为over the years,所以定语从句时态为现在完成时。故填I have made over the years。
40、他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。
His mother ________________ the news.
答案:was shocked to hear
考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示可知,设空处涉及短语be shocked to do sth.“做某事震惊”,其中be是谓语动词,结合语境可知本句陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,主语his mother是单数,be动词用was;“听到”是hear,位于不定式符号to后,应用原形。故填was shocked to hear。
语法填空
41、Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists___________(ruin)the atmosphere of peace?(所给词的正确形式填空)
答案:ruining
考查非谓语动词。句意:乞力马扎罗山真的应该获得游人如织、破坏了其平和氛围的拥挤山脉这一名声吗?此处是with复合结构,tourists与ruin之间是主动关系,用现在分词作宾补。故填ruining。
42、In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food ________ power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. (用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句。句意:在这篇文章中,我们将讨论一种特殊类型的安慰食物,它的力量主要在于它能唤起人们的记忆。根据句子结构分析,此处应是限制性定语从句,先行词a particular type of comfort food ,在定语从句中作定语,需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
43、The way ________my cousin told me proved to be the best one to finish the work on time. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查定语从句。句意:表姐告诉我的方法被证明是按时完成工作的最好方法。此处为定语从句修饰先行词way,从句中缺少宾语,指物,应用that或which引导。故填that/which。
44、The professor ________ you wish to see has gone abroad. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that/whom
考查定语从句。句意:你要见的那位教授已经出国了。此处为定语从句修饰先行词professor,且先行词在从句中作宾语,指人,故应用关系代词that或whom引导。故填that/whom。
45、All _______ he has in mind is how to gain fame, _______ is quite wrong. (用适当的词填空)
答案: that which
考查定语从句。句意:他所想的就是如何获得名声,这是完全错误的。第一个空引导限制性定语从句,关系代词在从句中作宾语,指代all,不定代词,应用that;第二个空引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词在从句中作主语,指代上文整个句子,应用which,故填that;which。
46、Mr. Tanner ___________ (survive) by his wife and two children. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:was survived
考查时态和语态。句意:坦纳先生身后留下了他的妻子和两个孩子。A survive B意为“A比B活得长”,此处表示坦纳先生的妻子和两个孩子比他活的长,Mr. Tanner作主语,应用被动语态,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,主语是单数,故填was surviveed。
47、When I stopped playing and looked up, I was ____________(shock) to see a small crowed around us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:shocked
考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词。句意:当我停止演奏并抬起头来时,我惊讶地看到一小群人围着我们。修饰形容人用-ed形容词,修饰形容物用-ing形容词,此处用-ed形容词shocked说明主语人I的状态,作表语。故填shocked。
48、Without oxygen, the brain ________(damage) quickly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:is damaged
考查动词语态。句意:没有氧气,大脑很快就会受损。句子陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语与damage是逻辑动宾关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是单数。故填is damaged。
49、He walked slowly, his hands________(bury)in his pockets. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:buried
考查非谓语动词。句意:他慢慢地走着,双手插在口袋里。分析句子结构可知,句子为独立主格结构。bury与his hands之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。故填buried。
50、When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as __________ it is missing something. (用适当的词填空)
答案:if##though
考查表语从句。句意:当脂肪和盐从食物中去除时,食物尝起来就好像(它)缺少了什么。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用连接词as if/ though,意为“好像”,跟在系动词taste之后,引导表语从句。故填if或though。
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