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(每日一练)2023年人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识集锦
单选题
1、But since test scores still________gaokao(college entrance exam), it may be difficult to completely________private tutoring institutions that help students cram for exams.
A.deliver … wrap upB.decide … stick to
C.dominate … root outD.depend … throw out
答案:C
考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意:但由于高考成绩仍占主导地位,可能很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构。A. deliver 投递、wrap up包裹、圆满完成;B. decide决定、stick to坚持;C. dominate占主导地位、root out根除;D. depend取决于、throw out扔掉。根据句意,因为高考仍然以考试成绩为主,所以很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构,所以第一空表示“占主导地位”;第二空表示“根除”,故选C。
2、Those ______ achieve great things are the ones willing to be scared but not scared off.
A.whatB.whoC.whichD.whom
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:那些取得伟大成就的人是那些愿意被吓到但不会被吓倒的人。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词Those指人,因此空格处用关系代词who,故选B。
3、Public schools in the United States have to be neutral about religion ______ they close for holidays like Christmas.
A.in caseB.as ifC.in thatD.even though
答案:D
考查让步状语从句。句意:美国的公立学校必须在宗教问题上保持中立,即使他们会在圣诞节这样的节日关闭。A.in case 以防;B.as if 似乎;好像;C.in that因为; D.even though即使。结合句意可知,学校在像圣诞节这样的节日会停课,美国必须对宗教保持中立。所以空白处与前文为让步关系,选项D符合题意,故选D。
4、The house, ___________I bought last year, needs to be repaired.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
答案:A
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我去年买的房子需要修理。分析句子结构可知,非限制性定语从句当中缺少宾语,先行词是the house,所以应用关系代词which来引导。故选A。
5、________in a story book, the girl didn’t notice the stranger.
A.BuryingB.BuriedC.To buryD.Having buried
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:沉迷于故事书中,这个女孩没有注意到这个陌生人。分析句子结构可知,动词bury在句中作状语成分,和主语the girl之间是被动关系,需使用过去分词buried,be buried in专心于。故选B。
6、This is the first birthday gift ________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我已经保存了很多年了。空处引导定语从句,在定语从句中缺少宾语,且先行词gift被序数词first修饰,所以应用关系代词that。故选B。
7、I can never understand the reason _______ he explained to me.
A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我不明白他向我解释的原因。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词reason在从句中充当explain的宾语,应用关系代词which/that,故选B项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:reason
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词reason在从句_______ he explained to me中充当宾语,应用关系代词which/that
3 .考虑特殊情况:无
故选B项。
8、The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag________the original blue box________the notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.
A.containing; whereB.to contain; whichC.containing; /D.to contain; that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:警方发现,这两本“被盗”的笔记本被放在一个里面装着存放这两本笔记本的原来的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封的礼品袋里。此题第一空考查非谓语动词,contain与逻辑主语a gift bag为主谓关系,应用现在分词containing,作后置定语。第二空考查定语从句,先行词为the original blue box,在限制性定语从句中作介词in的宾语,为物,设空处可用关系代词that/which,也可省略。故选C项。
9、We sell a lot of products abroad and the opportunity to open-up markets in regions ________ we don’t currently sell a lot to is a great one.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.when
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我们在海外销售了很多产品,在目前销量不大的地区打开市场的机会非常大。空处引导定语从句,先行词regions,指物,在定语从句中作宾语,需用关系代词that引导。故选B。
10、Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag ________the original blue box ________the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.
A.containing, whereB.to contain, whichC.containing, /D.to contain, that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯·达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语a bright pink gift bag之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词in后的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选C项。
11、The bird flu ________through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, ________16 persons.
A.sweeps; killedB.swept; killingC.sweeping; to killD.sweeping; killing
答案:D
考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,席卷亚洲的禽流感已经从鸟类传播到人类至少20次,造成16人死亡。A.sweeps; killed 席卷;杀死;B.swept; killing 席卷;杀死;C.sweeping; to kill席卷;杀死;D.sweeping; killing席卷;杀死。分析句子可知谓语动词是has jumped,推断两个空格处都是非谓语动词,排除A选项(sweeps是第三人称单数);第一空处The bird flu和sweep之间是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语,排除B(swept是过去式或过去分词);第二空处用现在分词作结果状语,表示顺其自然的结果,排除C(动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果)。故选D。
12、Matter is anything ______.
A.that take up space and have weightB.which take up space and have weight
C.that takes up space and has weightD.those take up space and have weight
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:物质是任何占据空间并有重量的东西。分析句子结构可知,anything后跟定语从句,anything是不定代词,其后的关系代词只能用that不能用which,因此排除选项B和D,that指代先行词anything,是不定代词,由is可知,句子时态是一般现在时,因此其后谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是that takes up space and has weight,故选C。
13、The villagers, ________had been washed away by the flood, received the government's aid.
A.all their propertiesB.all of their properties
C.all whose propertiesD.all of whose properties
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:村里所有的财产都被洪水冲走,村民们得到了政府的援助。根据句子结构分析可知,“received”是主句谓语,因此设空处引导的句子为非限制性定语从句,先行词为villages(村庄),从句中连词做定语修饰主语properties,意为“村庄的财产”,用关系代词whose。不定代词all修饰名词时需要使用介词of,意为“所有的……”。故选D。
14、It is very important to remain________in an emergency.
A.calmB.stillC.quietD.silent
答案:A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在紧急情况下保持冷静是非常重要的。A. calm镇静的;B. still静止的;C. quiet安静的;D. silent沉默的。根据an emergency,结合常识可知,遇到突发情况时应保持镇静。故选A。
15、Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with every human weakness stood at the point in history magic ended and science began.
A.who; whereB.which; whereC.who; whenD.which; that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:牛顿被证明是一位天才科学家,有着人类的种种弱点,他站在了历史上魔术结束、科学开始的时刻。分析句子可知,两个设空处都引导定语从句;第一空处关系词代替先行词Newton在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词who,第二空处关系词代替先行词point在从句中充当地点状语,应用关系副词where,故选A项。
16、Sophia Scott started a free tutoring service to help anyone ________ had difficulty catching up.
A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:索菲亚·斯科特开始了一项免费辅导服务,帮助赶上有困难的人。句中先行词为anyone,指人,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导。故选D。
17、Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A.whoB.of whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查关系词。句意:不运动或饮食中脂肪含量高的儿童体重会迅速增加。分析句子可知,此处为连词whose引导的限制性定语从句,先行词Children在从句中作定语成分,和从句中的主语diet为所属关系。故选C项。
18、The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.on which
答案:B
考查定语从句关系词。句意:孩子们花几个小时的时间和电视机前的人保持单向的关系,这无疑影响了他们与现实生活中的人的关系。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是The hours,指物,在从句中宾语,用关系代词that/which。故选B项。
19、When the big earthquake happened, in less than a minute, the whole city lay ______.
A.in ruinsB.in troubleC.in dangerD.in shock
答案:A
考查固定短语辨析。句意;大地震发生时,不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟。in ruins严重受损;破败不堪;in trouble处于不幸中;in danger处于危险中;in shock震惊。地震发生导致整个城市成为废墟。故选A。
小提示:
20、A sport with a broom on ice ________ requires bowling ________ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.
A.that … precisionB.that … diversity
C./ … precisionD./ … diversity
答案:A
考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意:冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动,它在冰上要使用冰刷,这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度;diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句,先行词是sport,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which,且不能省略;第二个空处考查名词词义辨析,根据常识可知,冰壶要求精准度,应用名词precision。故选A项。
21、The pictures remind us ______ the days ______ we spent in Beijing.
A./; thatB./; whenC.of; thatD.of; when
答案:C
考查固定短语和定语从句。句意:这些照片让我们想起了我们在北京度过的日子。第一空,固定短语remind sb of sth,提醒某人某事,所以填of;第二空,关系词指代先行词days并在定语从句中作 spent 的宾语,故填that,故选C。
小提示:
22、Was it in the village ______ we used to live in ______ the accident happened?
A.that; whereB.which; that C.where; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句。句意:事故是在我们过去住的那个村庄发生的吗?根据句子结构,第一空为which引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the village,先行词在定语从句中作live in的宾语,应用关系代词which引导;分析句子,全句使用了强调句型“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其它部分”的一般疑问句形式,本句强调的是原句中地点状语“in the village where we used to live in”,句子其它部分由that引出。故选B。
23、With more and more forests _______, we must take action to protect our earth.
A.destroyingB.destroyedC.to destroyD.are destroyed
答案:B
考查过去分词。句意:随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,我们必须采取行动去保护我们的地球。空格处是with的复合结构中的宾补,由于宾补和宾语 forests 是被动关系,因此要用过去分词。故选B。
24、Grandma said she was feeling okay, but I think I could ________ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.
A.experienceB.detectC.showD.suffer
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:奶奶说她感觉很好,但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历;B.detect察觉;C.show展示;D.suffer遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知,句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”,空格处意为“察觉”,故选B。
25、It is the time ________ you spent on your rose ________ makes your rose so important.
A.when; thatB.which; whatC.that; whichD.which; that
答案:D
考查定语从句,强调句。句意:是你花在你的玫瑰上的时间使你的玫瑰如此重要。根据句子结构分析可知,第一个设空处为连词引导定语从句,先行词为time,从句中缺少宾语,因此需要使用关系代词which,根据强调句结构“it is+被强调成分+that…”可知,第二个设空处对句子主语“the time”的强调,因此需要使用that。故选D。
26、Teenagers nowadays are a “technology” generation, different from those ________ their parents used to be.
A.whomB.whatC.whoD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:现在的青少年是“科技”一代,与他们父母那代人不同。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词在从句中作表语,根据定语从句引导词的特殊用法,先行词为those,引导词使用who。故选C。
27、Peter can be really difficult at times ________ he’s a nice person in general.
A.even ifB.as thoughC.as ifD.if only
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:彼得有时真的很难缠,即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。A. even if即使,尽管; B. as though似乎,好像; C. as if似乎,好像; D. if only要是...就好了。空前表示Peter有时候很难缠;空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人,前后有转折关系,只有A项even if可以引导让步状语从句,符合题意。故选A项。
28、The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof ________ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.such
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约4000美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传统屋顶长50%左右。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是a new roof,关系词和life span之间是所属关系,应用whose引导,在从句中作定语。故选B项。
29、The close relationship among defense contractors, the Pentagon (美国五角大楼) and politicians has become a US monster ________seeks unceasing war over peaceful coexistence.
A.whoB.thatC.for whichD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这些军火商与五角大楼和美国政客之间的密切关系,已经演化成了一个庞然大物,它只想要无尽的战争,而不是和平共处。句中先行词为 a US monster,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
30、Looking at green, growing things can put people in a better _______.
A.shelterB.remarkC.moodD.zone
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:看着绿色,生长的东西可以让人心情更好。A. shelter庇护所; B. remark评论; C. mood情绪; D. zone区域。短语:put sb. in a ...mood“使某人有……的情绪”,故选C。
完成句子
31、被困的矿工们就要放弃时,救援到了。
The trapped miners were about to give up ______________________________.
答案:when rescue came
考查时态,名词和从句。根据中英文提示可知,此处为be about to do sth.when...句型,表示“正打算做某事,这时候”,由上文的were可知用一般过去时,rescue“救援”不可数名词,come“来”,故填when rescue came。
32、我也有一个我非常信任的朋友。
I also have a friend________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案: whom/who I trust a lot
考查定语从句、动词时态和副词。空处为定语从句,先行词为friend,先行词在句中作宾语,关系代词应用who/whom;表示“信任”应用动词trust,在从句中作谓语,friend为单数,且此处为客观陈述,所以应用动词原形trust;表示“非常”应用短语a lot,作状语,修饰动词trust,所以空处应填whom/who I trust a lot。故答案为whom/who I trust a lot。
33、我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常弄出很多噪声。
I live next door to a couple ________.
答案:whose children often make a lot of noise
考查定语从句和时态。此处为whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词couple,先行词 a couple 在从句中作定语;从句主语为复数名词children,表示“经常弄出很多噪音”应用often make a lot of noise。为一般现在时。故填whose children often make a lot of noise。
34、我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的所有的朋友。
I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案: I have made over the years
考查定语从句和时态。 all the friends为先行词,根据所给汉语意思后面需要一个定语从句来修饰先行词,即“我这些年来交到的”译为I have made over the years,其中先行词all the friends在定语从句中作made的宾语,关系代词用whom,关系词在定语从句中作宾语时常常省略,从句的时间状语为over the years,所以定语从句时态为现在完成时。故填I have made over the years。
35、在一位路人的帮助下,她设法走到了警察局求助。
______________a passerby, she managed to walk to the police station for help. (aid n.)
答案:With the aid of
考查with独立主格结构。分析句子成分可知,“在一位路人的帮助下”作方式状语,应采用with的复合结构。“帮助”译为:aid。故填With the aid of。
36、他同他们说话,就当他们是孩子一样。
He talks to them ________________ children.
答案:as if they were
考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知用as if引导方式状语从句,表示“好像”,从句陈述的内容不是真实的情况,要用虚拟语气,根据“talks”判断此处是与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were),故填as if they were。
37、1976年唐山发生的地震震惊了全世界。
The earthquake ______________ in 1976 in Tangshan shocked the people all over the world.
答案:which/that happened
考查定语从句和时态。分析句子并结合句意可知,本句为定语从句,需要填入定语从句的关系词和从句的谓语happen(发生),关系词指代先行词earthquake(指物)并在从句中作主语,应该用that或which引导,时间状语in 1976表明用一般过去时,故填which/that happened。
38、这支笔和我昨天买的一样。
This is __________________ I bought yesterday.
答案:the same pen as
考查定语从句。该空后是定语从句I bought yesterday,被the same修饰的先行词pen,指物,在从句中作宾语,用关系代词as,构成the same...as (与……一样)结构,表同类事物。故填the same pen as。
39、每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。(一句多译)
(1)Staying up late every day is certain to ___________.(affect)
(2)Staying up late every day is certain to ____________.(effect)
答案: affect your health greatly have a great effect on your health
1 .考查非谓语动词,名词和副词。根据中英文提示可知,缺少“对你的健康造成很大的影响”,be certain to do sth.“一定会”是固定短语,to是不定式符号,接动词原形,affect“影响”是动词,your health“你的健康”,greatly “极大地;非常”,修饰动词作状语,故填affect your health greatly。
2 .考查动词短语和名词。根据中英文提示可知,缺少“对你的健康造成很多的影响”,be certain to do sth.“一定会”是固定短语,to是不定式符号,接动词原形,have a great effect on“对……有极大影响”是固定短语,形容词great修饰名词effect作定语,your health “你的健康”作介词宾语,故填have a great effect on your health。
40、每天早晨他在户外散步一个小时。
Every morning he walks _______ _______ ________ _______ for an hour.
答案: in the open air
考查介词短语。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为介词短语in the open air“在户外”作地点状语,满足句意要求。故分别填in;the;open;air。
语法填空
41、In such dry weather, the flowers will be watered if they are____________(survive). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:to survive
考查非谓语动词。句意:在如此干燥的天气里,花要想存活就得浇水。分析句子结构可知,空格处在if引导的条件状语从句中作表语,故动词survive“幸存,活下来”要用非谓语动词的形式。结合句意,此处表示“将要存活下来”,故用不定式形式表将来。故填to survive。
42、The clock __________(strike) ten as we went into the church. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:was striking
考查过去进行时。句意:我们走进教堂时,钟正在敲十点。根据“as we went into the church”可知,此处表示过去的这个时候钟正在敲十点,所以应用过去进行时。故填was striking。
43、We’ll talk about a particular type of comfort food ______ power tend to be linked with positive emotions. (用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句。句意:我们将讨论一种特殊类型的舒适食品,其功效往往与积极情绪有关。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是food,指物,在从句中作power的定语,应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
44、It is hard to imagine the pain and _______________(suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:sufferings
考查名词。句意:很难想象这些可怜的人在冬天经历的痛苦和苦难。作宾语,表示“苦难”应用复数名词sufferings。故填sufferings。
45、The thief ________(trap) by the police in an old house. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:was trapped
考查时态和语态。句意:小偷在一所旧房子里被警察抓捕。空处在句中作谓语,动词trap(抓捕)和主语the thief是被动关系,且句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,所以此处应用一般过去时的被动,主语是单数,故填was trapped。
46、In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food ________ power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. (用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句。句意:在这篇文章中,我们将讨论一种特殊类型的安慰食物,它的力量主要在于它能唤起人们的记忆。根据句子结构分析,此处应是限制性定语从句,先行词a particular type of comfort food ,在定语从句中作定语,需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
47、He said they did not want war-but if attacked they would fight to the _______(die). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:death
考查名词。句意:他说他们不想要战争——但如果受到攻击,他们会战斗到死。分析句子,设空处应该使用die的名词death作宾语,抽象概念,不可数。故填death。
48、Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查定语从句。句意:两位作者也在2014年发表的一项研究显示,每天仅跑步5到10分钟就可以降低各种原因导致心脏病和早期死亡的风险。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a study,指物,且定语从句缺少主语。故填关系代词that/ which。
49、Mosquitos are small flying insects _______ bite people and animals in order to suck their blood. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查限制性定语从句。句意:蚊子是一种小型飞行昆虫,它们叮咬人和动物以吸食它们的血。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,代替指物的先行词insects,并在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
50、The soldiers were sent to the earthquake stricken area immed
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