牛津上海版六年级下首字母阅读理解专项练习教案.doc

牛津上海版六年级下首字母阅读理解专项练习教案六年级下首字母阅读理解专项练习教案阅读理解【知识梳理】(一)、 首字母常考词性： 首字母常考词性：名词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、代词、连词 (二)、 首字母填空阶梯训练法 Step1：掌握七种句子成分与七种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何 种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。Step2：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，有利于提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。 Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。二、 专题知识精讲以下对各词性的作用仅从首字母的方向进行分析，不大全，求适用。(一) 对名词的判断1. Seeing is believing. ving动名词 主语 2. Seeing is believing. ving动名词 表语3.Anne Hathaway was a beautiful actress. a(+adj)+n 表语4. Collecting shells is the first thing I want to do when I am on vacation at the beach . v+n 宾语（动宾） 5. Collecting shells is the first thing I want to do when I am on vacation at the beach prep+n 宾语（介宾）6. Happiness is more important to me than money. n 主语7. The socks smell terrible. Please. wash them immediately. the +n 主语8. Some famous scientists are going to give lectures in our university in August. v+n 宾语 9. His performance is excellent. Adj(物主代词)+n 主语10.There is no reason for him to do that. no+n10. Joyce used to work in a shoe factory n+n 定语11. I wish this heavy rain will bring the earth life. v+n+n 双宾结构12. Jacky Chen, a famous actor, is hotter than ever these days due to Duang. a (+adj)+n 同位语分析：名词的使用情况成分判断：主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语细节判断：adj+n; adj物主代词+n the/a/an/no+n prep+n a+n n+n注意事项：名词作定语(非常考点）：women doctors; book shops; a stone bridge；a sales manager等 双宾结构：带to的bring , give ,leave , lend , offer , send , show , teach , tell等 ； 带 for 的 buy , cook等 动名词：主语有的动词要变为ving形式；介词+动名词；一些非谓语动词如mind。(二) 对动词的判断谓语动词判断：一个简单句必须配一谓语动词；复合句看有几个句子合成，若是由2个句子构成即有2个谓语动词。1. The TV series Wu Meiniang looks eye-pleasing(养眼的). 主语+系动词(感官动词）+表语（adj）2. The air today is (pretty) fresh. 主语+系动词（be动词）+表语（adj）3. He was a traitor. 主语+系动词（be)+表语（n)4. She wants to live on the Mars for some time. 主语+实意动词+宾语（非谓语动词）5. We ought to stay together for a stronger union. 情态动词+谓语动词+状语（adv）6. My mother bought an Optimus Prime (擎天柱）for my birthday. 主语+实意动词+宾语7. Yang Zirong climbed fast in order not to be bitten by the tiger. 主语+实意动词+状语（adv)8. Chen Zhen whispered to Yang Ke he wanted to search for wolf pups. 复合句分析：谓语动词相对来说还是非常好判断的，分析句子成分轻易就能看出。成分判断：谓语。放在主语后面。细节判断：be+adj 感官动词+adj v+adv v+n 情态动词/助动词+v附：谓语动词分类 Be: am/is/are系动词 后可接adj 感官动词：feel/taste/smell/look/sound “变”：become/turn/go/grow/get 其他：keep/seem/prove 实意动词：want/buy等+后可接adv。及物动词后可接宾语。非谓语动词判断：背诵动词用法：expect to do, admit doing等细节判断：v+adv; v+adj; v+n; to+v(三) 对形容词的判断1. Zhou Jun is greedy. be+adj2. He looks depressed. 感官动词+adj3. Long Zhu is a superb(极好的）cartoon. adj+n4. Her beautiful voice made everyone moved. make+n+adj5. The blind need to be taken good care of. the+adj 分析：形容词可作定语，表语，宾补。判断不建议从句子成分上去判断，从用法上判断即可更简便。细节判断：be+adj 感官动词+adj adj+n注意事项: 注意比较级(eg.有much/even的情况下）与最高级。关键理解文章。 附：系动词分 Be: am/is/are系动词 后可接adj 感官动词：feel/taste/smell/look/sound “变”：become/turn/go/grow/get 其他：keep/seem/prove(四) 对副词的判断1. The fans shouted at Professor Du excitedly. v+adv2. He felt terribly sorry for what he had done adv+adj3. The cat screamed extremely horribly at night. adv+adv4. Unfortunately, the beggar only begged 30 yuan on the subway. adv+句子 分析：副词可作表语，状语居多。判断不建议从句子成分上去判断，从用法上判断即可更简便。细节判断：v+adv adv+adj adv+adv adv+句子注意事项: 常考的副词有however，besides, especially，even，exactly等(五) 对介词的判断首字母练习对介词的考察极少固定搭配，多要通过理解。尤其高频的有：against, along, behind, beside, besides, during, except, like, towards, without等 1.China is a vital ally in the fight against global warming. n1+prep+n2 (两个名词缺了介词不能组合一起）2. These magazines are sold at bookstores throughout the country. n1+prep+n2 (两个名词缺了介词不能组合一起）3.He invited all friends except you. N+prep+pron4.She leaned lightly against his shoulder. vi+prep+n(不及物动词后不能直接接名词）5.Are you for or against the plan? be+prep+n(此种情况很少成为考题） 分析：介词首字母当中由于极少考搭配，可以从词义，用法上进行判断。细节判断：n1+prep+n2/pron n1+prep+n2/pron vi+prep+n/pron be+prep+n/pron注意事项: 介词可重点背诵些高频词。(六) 对连词的判断连词的功能是连接两个句子。具体填哪个连词，需要处理两个句子之间的逻辑关系。并列连词and/but/or 也可连接各种成分，不一定是句子。其中since 考“既然”比“自从”概率要大些。填so 的时候，勿忘考虑since。 1. Yang Zirong had to pretend to be a bandit since there was no other way to dig further information. 因果2. You must belt up before you start to drive. 时间先后 分析：一旦所缺空后边的句子时完整的，就让学生回头看是否前面也是一完整句子。连词相对还是比较容易填，首字母常考连词数量不多。连词： A：and after although as B：because before but I：if N：neither nor O：or S：since so T：than till thoughU：unless untill W：when while whether (七) 对代词的判断首字母练习中，常考不定代词（nobody/anybody/everybody; nothing/anything/everything; another; other）；反身代词（themselves/himself.)a. After the cruel robbery, nothing was left to the poor family except the ashes. b.Although nobody knows exactly where path will lead, they still stick to this hopeless hope. (八) 其他常考点的判断1.anothera.Achilles called upon all the soldiers and said, “try another time, we are doomed to get the Troy.”单数可数名词的前面。有时也会有一adj介入，get through another hard period.b.One department is responsible for QC, .; Another (one) supervises the production in the workshop.; (The third.)One.another.the third. 有时相隔太远，难以观察到。2. possible, possiblya.It is possible (for Ma Yun) to steal the ball from Yao Ming.b.It is possible (that) Ma Yun can steal the ball from Yao Mingc.It is possibly because Ma Yun wants to explore other fields since his hands has reached into e-business, sports.possibly是副词，修饰句子。它可被抽出来置放句子前、后。 possible不具备。3. one(s)The young prefer to watch TV in cozy couches, checking on the messages on Facebook from time to time, whilethe old ones are more likely to read some classics in the study.Ones是用来指代与上文提到的同类事物。要在上文才能发现线索。4. that, thosea.The computers now are much more lightweight than those in the past.b.The people in China have nothing different compared with those in England.c.The furniture on exhibition is similar to that you bought.That/those 表示远指，也是特指，不需要上文提到。首字母练习中多出现在比较的句式里边。5. much,even 常比较级搭配a.The fresh water is much less than we need.b.After consulting the psychologist, he felt even worse.6. instead, however常放句首a.Instead/However, he chose to release the chimpanzee. Later, they became close friends.b.She finally received the offer from Yale instead. (instead亦可放句末） (九) 短语的积累1. be similar to 2.be familiar to/with 3.be pleased/satisfied with 4.be responsible for5.get into/develop/form the habit of 6.have/develop a sense of (humor/responsibility.)7.have something/nothing in common 8.have/share interest in9.provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb 10.offer sth to sb/offer sb sth 【例题精讲】The environment is e 1 around us. It includes the sky and the birds, a rock or a river, your pizza and the box it came in and even other people. The environment is made up of l 2 and non-living things. While rocks and sand and non-living things, a parrot flying f 3 tree to tree is a living thing. In fact, all plants and a 4 are living things.The Seven Characteristics of Living Things:They need to take in f 5 from the environment for energy. (2) Show some kind of movement.(3) Exchange gases with the environment (breathing).(4) Excrete and remove waste from the body.(5) All living things g 6 (6) Sensitive to changes in the environment a 7 them (feel).(7) All living things produce young.Sometimes it is not so e 8 to decide what is living and what is not. A car moves, but it is n 9 a living thing, while a tree doesnt seem to move, but it is a living thing. Orange juice came from a living p 10 but it is not a living thing.生词: exchange 交换 excrete 排泄 sensitive 敏感的 【课堂练习】(A)Do you often like animals? Do you often go to the zoo? My father works in City Zoo He works there f_1_ ten years. He goes to work from Monday to Friday. After he a_2_ at the zoo, he cleans the animal houses and case. He always goes to work early and goes home late. People say he is a h_3_ man. There are many kinds of i_4_ animals in the zoo. Many people come to v_5_ the zoo every day. My father tells them what to do and what not to do. He loves his work. b _6_ he can see and play with his f_7_ animals. But he doesnt think it is good for animals to live in the small houses. They are our friends. They will be very happy i_8_ they live in nature.(B)Food is very important. Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is knowledge. We begin to get knowledge e_1_ when we are very young. Small children are interested in e_2_ around them. They learn something while they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to read story books, s_3_ books anything else they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and t_4_ to find out answers. What is the best way to get knowledge? If we learn by ourselves, we will get the most knowledge. If we always get answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. When we study in the r_5_ way, we will learn more and understand better.(C)I finished my cooking course in a college at the age of 21. I thought I was going to become a world-famous cook. I hoped people would t 1 from all over the world just to get a taste of my food. But three months later, I knew I was wrong. Since nobody was traveling to t 2 my food, I decided I should travel to taste theirs. During my travel, I v 3 many different countries, such as Japan and France where different k 4 of food opened my eyes. I especially loved the experiences in Italy and China.When in Italy, I 1 5 how to make pizza and s 6 . We had long lazy lunches in the sun and evening meals where the conversations went on long into the night.In C 7 , I loved the hot Sichuan food and enjoyed the delicious Beijing snacks. I also discovered the joy of making d 8 with good friends.My year of travel came to an end too quickly, but I had decided what I should do for the rest of my 1 9 . I want to bring the fantastic food of the w 10 into my kitchen in New York.(D)What can you do to keep healthy? Perhaps for children, healthy eating is one of the most important things. Here are some ideas about h 73_ to eat healthily. Having breakfast A good breakfast is very important to children. But some children often go to school w 74_ breakfast,just because they want to steep a little longer. Remember that a good breakfast will help you study better. Having milk Milk is also very important to children s health. It makes children glow stronger. Its better for you to drink a glass of warm milk b_75_ going to bed. That will help you have a good sleep Having healthy food Having healthy food is the most important. That means eating lots of different k_76 of food, especially fruits and vegetables. Dont eat too much chocolate or ice-cream. Some of you e_ 77 eating fast food, but in fact u is not good for your health. Try to eat healthy food as much as possible Have healthy eating habits, and you will have a strong body plete the sentences with the given verbs in their proper forms21. There was a hint of _in Brians smile.(cruel)22. Thousands of people are dying from _every day.(hungry)23. The girl gave the rest of the water to her younger brother though she was even_.(thirst)24. I had been _ and left the window unlocked.(care)25. Jill is always _to others,so she has few friends in class.(kind)26. We should fasten the _belt before we drive.(save)27. We should save animals in _and take them to the SPCA.(dangerous)28. Here are some _about the common knowledge.(quiz)29. Two_stopped us at the gate.(guard)30. Dogs help the police catch _and find _people.(thief,miss)31. Please _the kitten carefully with both hands.(held)32. I want to be a_in the future.(special)IV.Rewrite the following sentences as required36.I visited my father twice every day.(对划线部分提问)_ _times do you visit your father every day?37. Susan prefers the yellow and brown dog to the white one.(保持句意基本不变)Susan_the yellow and brown dog _ _the white one.38. We should stop children from smoking.(保持句意基本不变)Children shouldnt _ _ _ _.39. The SPCA vets take care of sick animals carefully._ _the SPCA vets take care of sick animals.40. I saw the water in the river rising.(改为被动语态)The water in the river _ _ _.41. Give him a bowl of water to drink.(改为反意疑问句)Give him a bowl of water to drink,_ _? 阅读C.Read the passage and choose the correct words （阅读短文，选择恰当的单词） Dogs are good pets. They are very f_1_ to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c_2_ and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a strange person a_3_. When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s_4_ -buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if yours is larger. Many people dont know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat almost anything! They like meat, r_ and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food for dogs in shop. Dont let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always leave water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in summer. Remember that dogs need e_. You should take it for a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all d_. C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文内的空格内填入恰当的词，使内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)（7）Before the invention（发明）of the postage(邮费) stamp, it was difficult to send a letter to a _(1)_country. The sender paid for the letter for travel in is her own country. Then the person in other country paid for the rest of the trip. If a letter crossed several countries the problem was worse.Rownland Hill, a British teacher, had the i_(2)_of a postage stamp with glue on the back. The British post office made the first stamps in 1840. They were the Penny Black and the The Pence Blue. A person bought a stamp and put it on a letter. The post office delivered the letter. When people received letters , they didnt have to pay a_