2022-2023年高中英语基础知识手册.docx

2022-2023年高中英语基础知识手册1单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)1、A team _ three people, including a woman astronaut, was sent up to the Chinese Space StationAcoexisting withBconsisting ofCdedicated toDengaged in答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个由三人组成的团队，包括一名女宇航员，被送往中国空间站。A. coexisting with与共存；B. consisting of由组成；C. dedicated to致力于；D. engaged in从事。根据“three people, including a woman astronaut”可知，此处是指这个团队是由三个人组成的。句中已有谓语动词was set up且无连词，故此处用现在分词作后置定语。故选B。2、_ leaves the room last must make sure _ all the windows are shut.AWhoever；that whetherBNo matter who；ifCWhoever；thatDWho；whether答案：C解析：考查连词。句意：无论谁最后离开房间，都必须确保所有的窗户都关好。分析句子可知，第一空为连词引导的主语从句，连词在从句中作主语成分，意思为“任何人”。B项No matter who只能引导让步状语从句。故填whoever。第二空为连词引导的宾语从句，分析句子，从句不缺成分，且无需意思表达，故填连词that。故选C项。3、It was at the age of 5 _ he left his hometown for Shanghai.AthatBwhenCwhichDas答案：A解析：考查强调句型。句意：那是在5岁的时候他离开了家乡去上海。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查强调句型It was.that.的结构，被强调的部分at the age of 5是介词短语做时间状语，he left his hometown for Shanghai是主谓宾基本成分完整的句子，所以只能用that。故选A。4、We need three single rooms for the first week in June. _ . The hotel is not busy then.AIm afraid notBNo problemCDont botherDIt doesnt matter答案：B解析：考查交际用语。句意：六月份第一周我们需要三间单人房。没问题。那时旅馆不忙。A. Im afraid not恐怕不行；B. No problem没问题；C. Dont bother不用麻烦了；D. It doesnt matter没关系。根据句中“The hotel is not busy then”可知，旅馆在六月份第一周不忙，由此可知，三间单人房的需要是没问题的，“No problem”意为“没问题”，符合语境。故选B项。5、Have you ever been to Beijing, our capital?Yes, only once. I _ there only for two days.Ahad stayedBstayedChave stayedDwere staying答案：B解析：考查动词时态。句意：你曾经去过我们的首都北京吗？是的，只有一次。我仅在那待了两天。A. had stayed是过去完成时，表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去；B. stayed是一般过去时，表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；C. have stayed是现在完成时，过去发生的动作并现在造成的影响或所持续的动作；D. were staying是过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语。根据句意，回答者回答“过去在那待了两天”，本句时态为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，应用动词一般过去式。故选B项。6、Please tell me _ you would like to have your coffee-black or white?AwhatBwhereCwhichDhow答案：D解析：考查宾语从句。句意：请告诉我您的咖啡要加奶还是不加奶？宾语从句“you would like to have your coffee”中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且根据“black or white”可知，此处是指如何喝咖啡，所以应用连接副词how表示“如何”。故选D。7、In _ emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from worsening and provide relief from pain.AminorBsevereCuniqueDcertain答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在轻微的紧急情况下，急救可以防止患者病情恶化，缓解疼痛。A. minor轻微的；B. severe严重的；C. unique独特的；D. certain确定的，肯定的。根据常识及后文“first aid may prevent a victims condition from worsening and provide relief from pain”可知，此处指轻微的情况。故选A项。8、I dont suppose he cares, _?Adoes heBdoesnt heCdo IDdont I答案：A解析：考查反意疑问句。句意：我想他不会在乎的，对吧？该句为反意疑问句，其结构为“陈述句+附加疑问句”，该句中陈述句是复合句，主句的主语是第一人称，that是宾语从句，即“I think/believe/suppose.+that.”结构，附加疑问句须和从句的主谓保持一致，但是陈述句中的宾语从句否定前移了，即think，suppose，believe等词后的宾语从句，如果是否定句，需要把否定转移到think，suppose，believe等词上，所以从句具有否定意义，综上所述，附加疑问句应和从句主谓保持一致，且用肯定意义，应用does he，故选A。9、Could I keep the novel for a couple of days?_! Anyhow Im too busy to spare time to read it at the moment.ACome onBGo aheadCTake care of itDNo way答案：B解析：考查交际用语。句意：-这本小说我可以借几天吗? -用吧! 不管怎样，我现在太忙了，抽不出时间来读它。A. Come on 加油；B. Go ahead 前进、进行、好吧、用吧（在口语中表示同意或允许）。C. Take care of it 好好照顾他；D. No way 没门、绝不。分析句意可知，此处表示同意了对方的请求，所以用Go ahead表示同意，意思是“好吧、用吧”，符合语境。故选B项。 10、_is it from your school to your home?Its about 10minutes walk.AHow farBHow longCHow oftenDHow much答案：A解析：考查特殊疑问词。句意：从学校到你家有多远?步行大约10分钟。A:How far多远；B:How long多长；C:How often多久一次；D:How much多少。根据答语“Its about 10minutes walk.（步行大约10分钟）”可知上句问距离。故选A。11、_I will accept the gift is none of your businessAIfBWhichCWhetherDWhat答案：C解析：考查主语从句。句意：我是否接受这个礼物不关你的事。A. If 是否；B. Which 哪一个；C. Whether 是否；D. What 什么。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查主语从句，从句I will accept the gift 是主谓宾基本成分完整的句子，需要“是否”的意思连接主从句上下文意思，用whether不用if。故选C。12、He is good at a lot of things but it doesnt mean he is perfect. _ Actually no one is.AYou must be kidding.BLets get going.CThank goodness.DIm with you on that.答案：D解析：考查情景交际和习惯表达。句意：他擅长很多事情，但这并不意味着他是完美的。我同意你的看法。事实上，没有人是这样的。A. You must be kidding.你一定是在开玩笑；B. Lets get going.让我们出发吧；C. Thank goodness.谢天谢地；D. Im with you on that.我同意你的看法。分析语境可知，前者提及“but it doesnt mean he is perfect(但这并不意味着他是完美的)”为重点表达，后者用“Actually no one is.(事实上，没有人是这样的。)”赞同了前者的话。故选D项。13、While scientists are finding ways to make batteries smaller, problems can _ when they are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves.AriseBariseCraiseDarouse答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然科学家们正在寻找使电池更小的方法，但当电池比设备本身更大、更重时，问题可能就会出现。A. rise上升；B. arise出现；产生；C. raise抚养；D. arouse激起。根据problems可知，arise“出现；产生”符合句意。故选B。14、They said they _ me know as soon as they got there.Awould letBwill letChad letDhas let答案：A解析：考查时态。句意：他们说他们一到那里就会通知我。said后面是省略了that的宾语从句，在宾语从句中，as soon as引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时，主句使用过去将来时。故选A。15、Sitting with the head and shoulders bent forward _pressure on the stomach, forcing acid up the gullet, the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach.AputtingBputCputsDhave put答案：C解析：考查主谓一致。句意：头和肩膀向前弯曲的坐姿会对胃造成压力，迫使胃酸上涌食道，食道是食物从口腔进入胃的管道。 分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词；句子主语是动名词“sitting”，所以谓语动词要用单数。故选C项。16、The smell of the branch reminds me _ my old house in the country.AforBofCwithDat答案：B解析：考查固定短语。句意：树枝的气味使我想起我在乡下的老房子。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“remind sb. of sth.”，意为“使某人想起”，空格处应用介词“of”。故选B项。17、“Its a secret. Promise no one else will know it,” he lowered his voice and whispered_ no one could overhear itAin caseBeven ifCso thatDonly if答案：C解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个秘密。答应我，别让别人知道。”他压低了声音，低声说，以便没人能听到。A. in case以防，万一；B. even if即使；C. so that目的是、以便于；D. only if只有当。根据“no one could overhear it”可知，此处表示目的，需用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。18、That is the place _ Lu Xun once lived.AwhatBwhenCwhereDthat答案：C解析：考查定语从句。句意：那是鲁迅曾经住过的地方。此处the place是先行词，在后面的句子中作地点状语，这里是where引导的定语从句。故选C。19、Try to be cheerful and funny in life, but when you _ work, try to be as serious as you can.Amake up forBget down toCcome up withDbreak away from答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：生活中要尽量开朗有趣，但当你开始工作时，要尽量严肃。A. make up for弥补；B. get down to着手；C. come up with想出；D. break away from脱离。结合句意可知，此处是指开始工作时要严肃，用get down to“着手”符合题意。故选B。20、Ladies and gentlemen, we _ at Changzhou Station. Please get ready to get off the train.Aare to arriveBare arrivingCare going to arriveDwill arrive答案：B解析：考查时态。句意：女士们先生们，我们即将到达常州站，下车的乘客请做好准备。根据Please get ready to get off the train.可知空格处是表示将来动作。英语中趋向性动词，例如：go , leave ,arrive，fly等，常用现在进行时态表将来。故选B。21、Changjin Lake _, so I think you can let your son watch it.Ais worthy of seeingBis worthy of being seenCis worthy to seeDis worth being seen答案：B解析：考查短语。句意：长津湖值得一看，所以我想你可以让你儿子去看看。be worthy of “值得”固定短语，of为介词，后面用动名词作宾语，Changjin Lake与see构成逻辑上的被动关系，此处用动名词的被动语态。故选B项。22、“Even when people do things for you and give you things that you dont actually want, you must always remember that its the thought that counts.” In which of the following sentences does “count” share the same meaning with the one in the example?ATherell be eight for dinner, counting ourselves.BI count myself fortunate to have had such a good education.CIve had three jobs in the last five years, but one of them was unpaid, so it doesnt count.DWith our busy lives today, we have less and less time for what really counts.答案：D解析：考查词义辨析。题干：“即使别人为你做了一些事情，给了你一些你并不想要的东西，你也必须永远记住，心意才是最重要的。”下面哪个句子中“count ”与例子中的意思相同？A. Therell be eight for dinner, counting ourselves.表示“晚餐有八个人，算上我们自己。”句中count表示“计算在内”；B. I count myself fortunate to have had such a good education.表示“我觉得自己很幸运，能受到这样好的教育。”句中count表示“觉得，认为”；C. Ive had three jobs in the last five years, but one of them was unpaid, so it doesnt count.表示“在过去的五年里，我做了三份工作，但是其中一份是没有工资的，所以不算。”句中count表示“计算”；D. With our busy lives today, we have less and less time for what really counts.表示“随着我们今天忙碌的生活，我们有越来越少的时间去做真正重要的事情。”句中count表示“重要”符合题意。故选D。23、_ Sunday, the library doesnt open.ABeingBThere beingCIt beingDHaving been答案：C解析：考查独立主格结构。句意：今天是星期天，图书馆不开门。分析可知，空处为独立主格结构作原因状语，相当于：As/Because it is Sunday，it being为it is 的变形。there being为there be的变形，表示（某地/某时）有，不符合语境。故选C项。24、This is _ that we all enjoy reading it.Aa book so interestingBa such interesting bookCso an interesting bookDsuch an interesting book答案：D解析：考查状语从句。句意：这本书很有趣，我们都喜欢看。so +形容词+ a/an+名词单数形式+ that从句；such + a/an+形容词+名词单数形式+that从句。故选D。25、How are things going with you in the new company?_. I now make enough money to pay the bills and keep food on the table.AHard to sayBCant complainCNot so goodDNo problem答案：B解析：考查情景交际。句意：你在新公司的情况怎么样？还好。我现在赚的钱足够支付账单和维持餐桌上的食物。A. Hard to say很难说；B. Cant complain不能抱怨，还好；C. Not so good不太好；D. No problem没问题，没什么。根据后文“I now make enough money to pay the bills and keep food on the table.”可知，说话人表示“还好，凑合”。故选B项。根据首字母填写单词(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)26、He prefers q_ to quality when food is concerned.答案：quantity#uantity解析：考查名词。句意：谈到食物，他更喜欢数量而不是质量。prefer sth. to sth.意为“比起某物更喜欢某物”，空格处用名词，由“when food is concerned”可知，句子表示“谈到食物，他更喜欢数量而不是质量”，空格处意为“数量”，由首字母提示q可知，是quantity，此处指相对于质量而言的数量，是不可数名词，故填quantity。27、The town walls were built as a d_ against enemy attacks. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：defence#efence解析：考查名词。句意：修筑城墙是为了防御敌人的进攻。由“The town walls”和“against enemy attacks”可知，句子表示“修筑城墙是为了防御敌人的进攻”，空格处意为“防御物”，由首字母提示d可知，是defence，前面有a，空格处用单数，故填defence。28、When people g_ from college, it is time for them to fly the nest. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：graduate#raduate解析：考查动词。句意：当人们大学毕业时，就是他们搬出父母家的时候了。空处是从句的谓语动词，结合句意及首字母提示可知，graduate毕业，从句是一般现在时，主语people表示复数意义，故空处用动词原形，故填graduate。29、Confucius was an i_ thinker during the Spring and Autumn Period, who stressed the importance of kindness and love. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：influential#nfluential解析：考查形容词。句意：孔子是春秋时期一位有影响的思想家，他强调仁爱的重要性。根据句意“有影响力的”和首字母提示“i”可知，此处为形容词influential作定语。故填influential。30、Some funds should be raised to prevent the endangered animals from e_.(根据首字母单词拼写)答案：extinction#xtinction解析：考查名词。句意：应该筹集一些资金来防止濒危动物灭绝。根据句意“灭绝”和首字母提示“e”以及介词“from”可知，应填名词extinction作宾语，extinction为不可数名词。故填extinction。31、The secret of success in life is when the opportunity comes, catch it i_ rather than let it slip away. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：immediately#mmediately#instantly#nstantly解析：考查副词。句意：人生成功的秘诀是当机会来临时，立即抓住它而不是让它溜走。根据单词首字母以及句意“立即”可知应填副词immediately或instantly，作状语修饰动词catch。故填immediately/instantly。32、Coursework is taken into a_ as well as results.答案：account#ccount解析：考查固定搭配。句意：课程和结果都要考虑在内。根据单词首字母，句意“考虑在内”，以及固定短语“take into account考虑到”，可知此空填account。故填account。33、Shes doing a course to s_ her business skills. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：sharpen#harpen解析：考查动词。句意：她正在学习一门课程，以提高自己的商业技能。根据句意，此处有“提高”的意思，再根据首字母和不定式符号to, 此处要填动词原形 sharpen。 34、Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankinds greatest a_.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：achievements#chievements解析：考查名词。句意：贸易和好奇心往往是人类最伟大成就的基础。根据句意以及首字母提示，空处应用名词achievement，表示“成就”，此处表示泛指，应用名词的复数形式。故填achievements。35、Over the past few weeks, there has been a d_ decline in the number of people infected with the severe flu. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：dramatic#ramatic 解析：考查形容词。句意：在过去几周里，感染严重流感的人数急剧下降。根据单词首字母以及句意“急剧的”以及下文名词decline，可知应填形容词dramatic作定语。故填dramatic。36、Lucy is very r _ because she does whatever she promise to. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：reliable #eliable解析：考查形容词。句意：Lucy 是非常值得信赖的，因为无论答应了什么事，她都会做到。根据首字母和句意, 可知此处要填与信赖“rely”相关的词汇；再依据前面的is可知，此处填形容词，所以答案为reliable。37、Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to s_ their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：seek#eek解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：超过30万人从世界各地赶来寻求财富，旧金山很快就成了一座大城市。根据句意和首字母提示，应填动词seek“寻找”，分析句子可知，用不定式作目的状语，to是不定式符号，接动词原形，seek ones fortune“寻找成功致富之路；闯世界”，故填seek。小提示：38、I like the job so much that I didnt h_about taking it.答案：hesitate#esitate解析：考查动词。句意：我非常喜欢这份工作，所以我没有犹豫就做了这份工作。根据句意和首字母可知，这里作者做这份工作应该是毫不犹豫的，hesitate“犹豫，迟疑”，位于助动词didnt之后，动词原形，故填hesitate。39、The guide suggested that we should buy some s_, saying that they would remind us of the happy memories of the trip.答案：souvenirs#ouvenirs解析：考查名词复数。句意：导游建议我们买一些纪念品，说它们会让我们想起这次旅行的快乐回忆。根据首字母提示和some可知，此处用可数名词的复数形式souvenirs，表示“纪念品”。故填souvenirs。40、After I a_ your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices, I realised I hardly ever felt well, either physically or mentally often felt sleepy and dizzy, and lacked passion. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：attended#ttended解析：考查动词。句意：在我参加了您的关于健康和生活方式选择的夏令营后，我意识到我几乎从来没有感觉好，无论是身体上还是精神上，经常感到困倦和头晕，缺乏激情。根据单词首字母以及句意“参加”可知应填动词attend，结合后文realised 可知用一般过去时。故填attended。41、At the meeting he put forward a number of p_ questions that we couldnt understand.答案：puzzling#uzzling解析：考查形容词。句意：在会议上，他提出了一些我们无法理解的疑问。根据后面从句中we couldnt understand(我们无法理解的疑问)和首字母可知，此处表示“令人困惑的”应用形容词puzzling做定语，修饰名词question，故填puzzling。42、Jay Chou is e_ popular with teenagers, as he has a unique (独一无二的) acting style.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：extremely#xtremely解析：考查副词。句意：周杰伦非常受青少年的欢迎，因为他有一种独特的表演风格。根据句意和首字母提示，应填副词extremely“非常”作状语。故填extremely。43、She has already tried her best. Please dont be too p_ about her job. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：particular#articular解析：考查形容词。句意：她已经尽力了。请不要对她的工作太挑剔。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词particular，固定搭配be particular about“对太挑剔”。故填particular。44、At the station, in c_ to Toronto, they heard people talking in French. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：contrast#ontrast解析：考查固定短语。句意：与多伦多不同的是，在车站，他们听到人们用法语交谈。结合句意及首字母提示可知， 此处考查固定短语in contrast to，表示“与形成对比”，故填contrast。小提示：45、He likes his youngest son in p_ .答案：particular#articular解析：考查固定短语。句意：他特别喜欢他最小的儿子。由“He likes his youngest son”可知，句子表示“他特别喜欢他最小的儿子”，由首字母提示p可知，空格处的短语是in particular，意为“尤其，特别”，因此空格处是particular，故填particular。书信写作(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)46、假定你是高三（1）班的班长李华，你班打算在“阅读周”，期间邀请你校外教Linda女士为同学们做一次有关莎士比亚（Shakespeare）文学作品的讲座。请给她写一封邀请信，内容包括：(1) 自我介绍，提出邀请；(2) 阅读周时间（4月22日4月28日）；(3) 建议讲座的内容；(4) 表达感谢并期待回复。注意：(1) 词数80左右；(2) 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(3) 开头及结尾已给出。Dear Linda,_Yours sincerely,Li Hua答案：Dear Linda,I am Li Hua from Class 1, Senior (3) Im monitor of the class. Wed like to invite you to give us a lecture about English writer Shakespeare during the Reading Week.To help students appreciate and write English stories well, our class is going to hold a Reading Week from April 22nd to April 28th. We hope your lecture will cover the creation and appreciation of Shakespeares works and some English writing skills.I would appreciate it if you can accept our invitation. We are looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua解析：【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是高三（