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(每日一练)全国通用版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters题型总结及解题方法
单选题
1、The nurse will be ______ when needed, so it’s unnecessary to worry about the patient.
A.in the open airB.on handC.in shockD.now and then
答案:B
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意:需要时护士会在旁边,所以不必担心病人。A. in the open air在户外;B. on hand在场,在旁边;C. in shock处于震惊之中;D. now and then时而,有时。根据句意可知,不必担心病人,因为如果病人有需要,护士会在旁边,“on hand”意为“在跟前,在旁边”,符合句意。故选B项。
2、It seems ________ nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work.
A.as ifB.even ifC.in caseD.if
答案:A
考查连接词。句意:似乎没有什么能阻止她继续这项工作。A.as if 好像;B.even if即使;C. in case假使;D. if如果。It seem as if ...“看起来好像...,似乎...”,as if引导表语从句。故选A。
3、I can never understand the reason _______ he explained to me.
A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我不明白他向我解释的原因。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词reason在从句中充当explain的宾语,应用关系代词which/that,故选B项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:reason
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词reason在从句_______ he explained to me中充当宾语,应用关系代词which/that
3 .考虑特殊情况:无
故选B项。
4、It’s such a difficult problem _______ nobody can work out.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.so that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:这是一个没人可以算出来的困难问题。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词为problem,被such修饰,且在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词as,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:problem
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词problem在从句_______ nobody can work out.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词被such修饰,关系代词只能用as
故选A项。
5、The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique________ into the influence of music on children, so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.
A.privilegeB.libertyC.insightD.emergency
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解,所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。A. privilege特权;B. liberty自由;C. insight洞察力,见解;D. emergency紧急情况。根据“the influence of music on children”可知,此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。故选C。
6、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,________ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.
A.becauseB.as ifC.althoughD.in case
答案:A
考查连词辨析。句意:回收能减少碳排放,因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A. because 因为;B.as if 好像; C. although尽管;D.in case以防。由语意可知,后面一个分句是前面分句的原因,用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选A项。
7、The boy is always found______in reading books.
A.to buryB.buryingC.buriedD.buries
答案:C
考查过去分词作主语补足语。句意:男孩总是被发现埋头读书。be buried in是“埋头于”,find sb done“发现某人被”的被动是:sb be found done,过去分词作主语补足语。故选C。
8、I’ll never forget the persons and places _______ I visited yesterday.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我将永远不会忘记我昨天去拜访的人和参观的地方。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词the persons and places在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词,又先行词有人又有物,应用关系代词that,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:the persons and places
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词the persons and places在从句_______ I visited yesterday.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词有人有物时应用关系代词that
故选A项。
9、According to the scientists, the little polar bear will be the first ________ the extreme cold.
A.to surviveB.survivingC.to be survivingD.survived
答案:A
考查非谓语动词。句意:根据科学家的说法,这只小北极熊将是第一个在极端寒冷中幸存下来的。当动词修饰序数词或形容词最高级时,常使用不定式作后置定语;根据句意可知,此处陈述事实,应用不定式的一般式。故选A。
10、Do you know anything about the accident _________ in the street yesterday?
A.happenedB.was happening
C.which happenedD.which was happened
答案:C
考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词which,结合时间状语yesterday可知,从句谓语happen为一般过去时,不及物动词happen不能变为被动。故选C项。
11、Grandma said she was feeling okay, but I think I could ________ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.
A.experienceB.detectC.showD.suffer
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:奶奶说她感觉很好,但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历;B.detect察觉;C.show展示;D.suffer遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知,句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”,空格处意为“察觉”,故选B。
12、Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag ________the original blue box ________the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.
A.containing, whereB.to contain, whichC.containing, /D.to contain, that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯·达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语a bright pink gift bag之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词in后的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选C项。
13、The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.on which
答案:B
考查定语从句关系词。句意:孩子们花几个小时的时间和电视机前的人保持单向的关系,这无疑影响了他们与现实生活中的人的关系。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是The hours,指物,在从句中宾语,用关系代词that/which。故选B项。
14、One day, an idea ________ Waters that maybe her cooking could help her make some money.
A.struckB.beatC.occurredD.recalled
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一天,沃特斯突然想到,也许她的厨艺可以帮她赚些钱。A. struck击打,突然想到;B. beat打败;C. occurred出现,(想法)产生;D. recalled回想起。根据句意可知,句中表达了“突然想到……”的含义,需要用到sth. strikes sb.或sth. occurs to sb.来表示;此处为一般过去时,所以动词要用过去式。故选A项。
15、The war and the suffering ________ caused had great effects on him.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
答案:D
考查代词。句意:战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为the war and the suffering,谓语动词为had,主谓之间为限定性定语从句,修饰名词suffering;根据句意分析,是“战争”带来了痛苦,先行词suffering,为物,在定语从句中作caused的宾语,从句可用关系代词that或which引导,也可省略关系代词;但是定语从句还缺少主语the war,此处选指示代词it,指代the war。本句完整的表达为:The war and the suffering (that/which) it caused had great effects on him. 故选D项。
16、In China, many modern cities have excellent subway systems ______ can take people everywhere in the city.
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:在中国,许多现代城市都有完善的地铁系统,可以把人们带到城市的任何地方。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是systems,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选C。
17、She took photographs of the things and people ______ she was interested in.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.of whom
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:她拍下了她感兴趣的人和事的照片。分析句式结构可知she was interested in为定语从句。再根据 the things and people 可知,先行词既指人又指物,且在从句中做宾语。所以只能用关系代词that引导。故选C项。
18、Looking at green, growing things can put people in a better _______.
A.shelterB.remarkC.moodD.zone
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:看着绿色,生长的东西可以让人心情更好。A. shelter庇护所; B. remark评论; C. mood情绪; D. zone区域。短语:put sb. in a ...mood“使某人有……的情绪”,故选C。
19、A real friend is someone_____support we can count on.
A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知,_____support we can count on是一个定语从句,先行词是someone,从句当中的support前缺少定语,定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有whose。故选A。
20、Memories of tears and laughters came ______ as he visited his secondary school.
A.flooding backB.flooding inC.flooded backD.flooded in
答案:A
考查动词短语辨析和现在分词。句意:当他参观他的中学时,泪水和欢笑的记忆如潮水般涌回心头。flood in意为“涌入,大量地涌到”;flood back意为“涌回”;固定短语搭配come flooding back,意为“潮水般涌回心头”;flood与逻辑主语Memories为主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选A项。
21、A sport with a broom on ice ________ requires bowling ________ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.
A.that … precisionB.that … diversity
C./ … precisionD./ … diversity
答案:A
考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意:冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动,它在冰上要使用冰刷,这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度;diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句,先行词是sport,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which,且不能省略;第二个空处考查名词词义辨析,根据常识可知,冰壶要求精准度,应用名词precision。故选A项。
22、It is very important to remain________in an emergency.
A.calmB.stillC.quietD.silent
答案:A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在紧急情况下保持冷静是非常重要的。A. calm镇静的;B. still静止的;C. quiet安静的;D. silent沉默的。根据an emergency,结合常识可知,遇到突发情况时应保持镇静。故选A。
23、I felt ________ than when we were moving towards it.
A.calmlyB.more calmC.calmestD.calmer
答案:B
考查形容词比较级。句意:我感到比我们朝它移动时更平静。than前面用比较级,calm的比较级是more calm,在系动词felt后做表语。故选B。
24、Andrew is a brilliant student, ________ is sure to succeed in whatever career he chooses.
A.and whoB.oneC.and oneD.one who
答案:D
考查同位语及定语从句。句意:Andrew是一个聪明的学生,无论他选择什么职业,他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知,此句是非限制性定语从句。用one作Andrew的同位语,引导词指代one和Andrew,且在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句,故选D。
25、He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:他买了一幢新楼,它的顶部和周围其他的不同。句中包含定语从句,先行词是building,_____top is different from those of the others around是定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作top的定语,指楼的顶部,用关系代词whose引导。故选D。
26、It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.
A.which;thatB.where;thatC.which;whoD.where; whom.
答案:A
考查定语从句和强调句。句意: 全球5G技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳10,000人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句,修饰the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词which或that, 故排除B、D项;因为the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语 in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用that,综上,故选A。
小提示:定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:
(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
例如第一空,分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句, 修饰the hall, 指物, 从句中做主语, 用关系代词which或that。
27、The new law has come into ______________ and it will surely ______________ the industry of the country.
A.affect; effectB.effect; effect
C.affect; affectD.effect; affect
答案:D
考查effect和affect的用法。句意:新法律已经生效,它肯定会影响这个国家的工业。come into effect为固定搭配,意为"生效,开始实施";affect"影响";effect作名词讲时,表示"作用,影响";作动词讲时,表示"实现"。第二空助动词will后用动词原形affect,根据句意和分析句子成分可知,D项正确。故选D。
28、As a respected zoological institution, SeaWorld not only ________, rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds of wild animals every year but also generously ________ conservation and scientific research.
A.rescues … focuses onB.rescues … funds
C.releases … focuses onD.releases … funds
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构,海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物,让它们回归自然,而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue搭救,解救;release释放,解放;focus on集中精力于;fund资助。分析句子可知,第一空“解救,治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序,因此填rescue;第二空,根据空前generously可知,此空填拨款,资助。故选B项。
29、Following the girl, we went into a hall, on ________ walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们跟着女孩走进一个大厅,大厅的墙上挂着一些著名科学家的照片。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作定语,指代hall’s,意为“大厅的”,故使用whose。故选A。
30、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without ________, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.
A.permissionB.effortC.exceptionD.access
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在疾病大流行期间,所有患者及其家属,无一例外,在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可;B. effort努力;C. exception例外;D. access通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外,“exception”意为“例外”,名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选C项。
完成句子
31、军队组织了一些小组去挖掘那些被困者并埋葬死者。
The army organized teams to dig out ____________________ and to bury the dead.
答案:those who were trapped
考查定语从句、动词和时态。根据句意和句中organized可知,句子讲述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。根据句子结构和汉意“那些被困者”可知,空格处为定语从句“those who were trapped”,those代指人,为从句先行词,在从句中作主语,用关系代词who引导从句,trap意为“陷入(困境)”,动词词性,与who为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,who指代those是复数意义,故be动词用were。故填those who were trapped。
32、那座桥有200米长。
________________ the bridge is 200 metres.
答案:The length of
考查名词。根据句意可知,“长”译为“ length ”在句子中做主语。此处表示“桥的长度”,故译为“the length of the bridge”。故填the length of。
33、We sat in the shade, ____________________the sun.
我们坐在背阴处,避免被晒到。
答案:sheltering from
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。结合句意表示“避免……”可知短语为shelter from,此处应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语we构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填sheltering from。
34、他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。
His mother ________________ the news.
答案:was shocked to hear
考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示可知,设空处涉及短语be shocked to do sth.“做某事震惊”,其中be是谓语动词,结合语境可知本句陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,主语his mother是单数,be动词用was;“听到”是hear,位于不定式符号to后,应用原形。故填was shocked to hear。
35、为那些房屋被毁的人设立了许多庇护所。
Many shelters were set up for ____________________ had been destroyed.
答案:those whose homes
考查定语从句、代词和名词。根据句子结构和句意“那些房屋被毁的人”可知,空格处应用定语从句“those whose homes”,先行词为those,代指人,homes为可数名词复数形式,意为“房屋”,在从句中作主语,先行词在从句中作定语,修饰homes,故用关系代词whose引导从句。故填those whose homes。
36、她是通过考试的女孩之一。
She is one of the girls _____________.
答案:who have passed the exam.
考查时态和定语从句。此处可用定语从句,由句意“通过考试的女孩之一”可知,说明过去发生的事对现在产生的影响,从句时态现在完成时;先行词是the girls(复数),指人,在从句中作主语,关系代词用who,且此处who指代girls是复数,从句谓语have passed,从句宾语the exam。故翻译为:who have passed the exam。
37、我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。
We are going to learn some Chinese poems _______________ in the Tang Dynasty.
答案: that/which were written
考查定语从句。分析句子结构, ① in the Tang Dynasty.是一个定语从句,修饰先行词some Chinese poems ,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导该从句。根据时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知用一般过去时。Chinese poems与write之间是被动关系,用被动语态。定语从句中主语是复数,从句谓语动词用复数形式。故填that/which were written。
38、如果一个捕食性动物能吃几个物种,那么它就能在其中一个物种灭绝时幸存下来。
If a predator can eat several species, ________________ the extinction of one of them.
答案:it can survive
考查情态动词+动词原形。分析句子结构可知,“_____ the extinction of one of them.”为主句,“它”为it,作主句主语,“能幸存下来”应用情态动词+动词原形,即can survive,故填it can survive。
39、多年以后,他在乡下过着平静的生活,似乎灾难从未发生过。
After many years, he lived a calm life in the country__________ .
答案:as if the disaster had never happened
考查状语从句和虚拟语气。分析原句可知,“似乎灾难从未发生过”是方式状语从句,可用连词as if引导,结合句意,“似乎灾难从未发生过”是对过去事实的假设,应用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去完成时;“灾难”是主语,用the disaster表示,“从未发生”是谓语,用had never happened。故填as if the disaster had never happened。
40、她说话的口气好像以前去过那儿似的。
She talks___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________.
答案: as if she had been there before
考查方式状语从句和虚拟语气。表示“好像”应用as if引导方式状语从句,由语意可知,从句部分应用虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时,即用had done结构,故表示“好像她以前去过那里”应为as if she had been there before。故空处1填as,空处2填if,空处3填she,空处4填had,空处5填been,空处6填there,空处7填before。
语法填空
41、___________(suffer)from poor eyesight, he could no longer read properly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:Suffering##Having suffered
考查非谓语动词。句意:由于视力不好,他无法再正常地阅读。分析句子可知,此处应用动词非谓语形式作状语,suffer from与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,结合语意可知,此处意为“遭受到”或“已遭受到”,故此处可用现在分词的一般式或现在分词的完成式,故此处应填suffering或者having suffered。故填Suffering或Having suffered。
42、Those _______ have made achievements in their careers are worthy of respect.(用适当的词填空)
答案:who
考查连词。句意:那些在事业上取得成就的人是值得尊敬的。分析句子可知,空处引导限定性定语从句,先行词是Those,指人,且定语从句中缺少主语应用who来引导,注意当先行词为人称代词those时候,连词只能为who,不可用that。故填who。
43、One of the most important buildings in this___________(ruin) city is a public bath. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:ruined
考查非谓语动词。句意:这座严重受损的城市中最重要的建筑之一是公共浴池。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填入定语修饰city“城市”。ruin意为“毁坏,破坏”,该句中的city与ruin之间为逻辑上被动关系,故用过去分词ruined的形式来作定语,也可将ruined用作形容词,意为“荒废的,严重受损的”。故填ruined。
44、Those _______ have gained fame become well-known. (用适当的词填空)
答案:who
考查限制性定语从句。句意:那些获得了名声的人变得家喻户晓。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,修饰先行词those,指人,在从句中充当主语,用关系代词who来引导。故填who。
45、I was having breakfast with my three children _________ water started filling my home. (用适当的词填空)
答案:when
考查时间状语从句。句意:我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐,这时水突然开始灌满我的家。根据固定句型be doing sth when ...(正在做某事,这时突然……)可知,空格处填when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
46、It _________ (strike) me that the setting of the story is in such an era when the girls’ education was second to the boys’. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:struck
考查动词时态。句意:我突然想到,故事的背景是在这样一个女孩受教育次于男孩的时代。陈述过去的动作,谓语动词应用一般过去时态。strike的过去式为struck,此处考查句型It struck sb that...,意为“我突然想到……”。故填struck。
47、He is regarded as a superhero _______ everyone should learn from. (用适当的词填空)
答案:who##whom##that
考查定语从句。句意:他被认为是每个人都应该学习的超级英雄。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词superhero,引导词在从句中作宾语,指代人。故填who/whom/that。
48、His bad conduct had an effect ________ his reputation. (用适当的词填空)
答案:on
考查介词。句意:他的不良行为影响了他的声誉。have an effect on“对……有影响”是固定短语。介词on表示“关于”。故填on。
49、The clock __________(strike) ten as we went into th
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