高中英语虚拟语气知识点归纳总结(精华版).docx

高中英语虚拟语气知识点归纳总结(精华版)1单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)1、To my delight, the students are recycling many things they _ away in the past.Awere throwingBwill be throwingCwould have thrownDhad thrown答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：让我高兴的是，学生们正在回收很多东西，是他们过去本来会扔掉的。分析句子可知，空格所在句定语从句，是一个隐含的虚拟语气，in the past相当于If they had been in the past，所以句子用虚拟语气，和过去相反用would have done。故选C。2、_ with the severe situation, the expert suggested the market referred to at once.AFacing; be shut downBFaced; being shut downCTo Face; being shut downDFaced; be shut down答案：D解析：考查非谓语动词及虚拟语气。句意：面对严峻的形势，专家建议被提及的市场应立即关闭。根据空后介词with可知，第一空是短语：be faced with“面对，面临”，位于句首，省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语；第二空：suggest表“建议”的时候，宾语从句的谓语动词使用should do，should常省略，market与shut down是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态。注意referred to是the market的后置定语，意为“被提及的市场”。故选D。3、What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _ a good time together.AhadBwill haveCwould have hadDhad had答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。4、The old couple loves the boy _ he were their own son.Aeven ifBunlessCas ifDthough答案：C解析：考查从属连词和虚拟语气。句意：这对老夫妇爱这个男孩，就好像他是他们自己的儿子一样。A. even if即使；B. unless除非；C. as if好像；D. though虽然，尽管。分析句子可知，句子为状语从句，从句部分为虚拟语气，再结合句意可知，空格处应用“as if”引导从句，意为“好像”，从句谓语动词动作与主句谓语动词动作同时发生，从句要用一般过去时，“be”动词要用“were”。故选C项。5、Housing prices _ since the end of last year. Therefore, its time the central government _ some effective measures to bring them under control.Ahave increased；would takeBhave increased；will takeChave been increasing；takesDhave been increasing；took答案：D解析：考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：自从去年底，房价一直在上涨。因此，中央政府到了采取有效措施控制房价的时候了。和since the end of last year 搭配用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；It is time+从句中，从句的谓语用should do或过去式表示虚拟语气。故选D。6、Its time that I about that essay.Aget down to thinkBget down to thinkingCgot down to thinkDgot down to thinking答案：D解析：考查短语和虚拟语气。句意：我该认真考虑一下那篇论文了。表示“开始，着手处理”短语为get down to doing sth.，故排除A、C选项；句型its time that+从句,表示“到了该做的时候了”，从句需用虚拟语气，且从句中谓语动词需用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，should不能省略，故选D。7、Mary insisted that the car _ right away.ArepairedBto be repairedCshould repairDbe repaired答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽坚持要马上把汽车修好。根据句意可知，insist意为“坚决主张”，其后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可省略，汽车是被修理，因此空格处用（should）be repaired，故选D。8、Ms. Lin suggested that he the reading competition.Ahas taken part inBtake a part inCtakes part inDtake part in答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：林老师建议他参加阅读比赛。suggest表示“建议”，引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。故应填(should) take part in，should可以省略。故选D。小提示：后接虚拟语气的常见词1）在 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, desire, demand, require, request, order, prefer, propose, recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2）类似用法的还有 advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper 等形容词；decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.Their decision was that the school remain closed.3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。9、The experts urge that governments _ social services and city planning policies.AimprovesBto improveCimproveDwill improve答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：专家催促政府改善社会服务和城市规划政策。urge催促，后跟宾语从句，从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，故选C。10、How do you find the health club?I would rather I _ it. I feel its management is going from bad to worse.Ahavent joinedBhadnt joinedCdidnt joinDhad joined答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你认为这家健身俱乐部怎么样？我宁愿没有参加这个俱乐部。我感觉这个俱乐部的管理越来越差了。本句是对过去的情况的虚拟。would rather后面所带的从句一般用虚拟语气，如果“宁愿过去做过某事”，从句要用过去完成时，根据语境可知，是说“宁愿过去没有参加过”，故要用过去完成时，因此选B。小提示：would rather 后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的用过去完成时；与现在事实相反的用一般过去时。1)、如果从句用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。Id rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。Id rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。Id rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。2)、从句用过去完成时表过去的愿望。Id rather you hadnt said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。Id rather you hadnt done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。Id rather you had been been present。我 (宁) 愿你当时在场。11、Gorge has a talent for music, but his parents would rather he _ more on his academic research.AfocusBfocusedCwill focusDhad focused答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：Gorge在音乐方面有天赋，但他的父母宁愿他专注于学术研究。would rather后的从句用虚拟语气；结合语境可知，此处与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。故选B。小提示：12、I would rather you_ at the moment so that we can hear the speech.Akeep quietBkept quietCstay at homeDyou stay at home.答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿你现在保持安静以便于我们能够听演讲。动词短语would rather后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，句中使用一般过去时表示与现在的情况相反，用过去完成时表示与过去的情况相反。根据后半句中的“can”可知本句使用一般过去时表示与现在的情况相反，故B项正确。13、You are always sleeping in class. Id rather you_my class.Aare not attendingBwere not attendingCwont attendDnot attend答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你总是在课堂上睡觉。我宁愿你没来听我的课。would rather后接从句时，从句谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示“现在或将来的愿望”时通常使用一般过去时态，结合语境和选项，只有B项符合，选B。14、Im sorry. I_to your birthday party ifForget it. I know you were in Shanghai on business then.Ahad comeBwould have comeCneednt have comeDcame答案：B解析：查虚拟语气。句意：我很抱歉。如果，我就来参加你的生日聚会了。不必在意。我知道你那时在上海出差。考此处表示对过去事实相反的假设， if后面省了过去完成时，补充完整应该是 if I had not been out on business，故主句中应该用 should/would/could/might have done结构，故选B。小提示：if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设haddonewould/could/might/shouldhavedone与现在事实相反的假设过去时(waswere)would/could/might/shoulddo与将来事实相反的假设过去时(waswere);shoulddo;weretodowould/could/might/shoulddo有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句(考试时多数情况是对过去的假。但是可以转化成if引导的虚拟条件句。分析句子可知，本句可以转化成是if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句为：If I had not had your recommendation ,主句为：I would have missed it。故C选项正确。15、To tell the truth, I would rather I _ the pain instead of you. You dont know how worried I was.AtookBhad takenCtakeDshould have taken答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：说实话，我宁愿是我来承受痛苦，而不是你。你不知道我有多担心。固定句型：would rather后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，如果指现在或将来，则句子用一般过去时态，如果指过去发生的事情，则用过去完成时态。结合句中how worried I was.可知此处指过去发生的事情。故选B。16、This area has changed beyond recognition.Indeed. But for the reform and opening-up policy, people here_ out of poverty.Awouldnt be liftedBwouldnt have been liftedCwerent liftedDhadnt been lifted答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：这一地区已变得面目全非。确实如此。要不是改革开放政策，这帮居民就不会远离贫困。此处But for“要不是”，句子要用虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，相当于if引导的非真实条件句中的主语部分，且句子主语people和谓语动词lift之间是被动关系，故选B。17、Yesterday, Jane walked away from the heated discussion. Otherwise, she _ something arbitrary that she would regret forever.Amust have saidBsaidCmight sayDmight have said答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：昨天Jane离开了那场热烈的讨论，否则她可能会说一些让她永远遗憾的武断的话。otherwise在此相当于if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，所以主句要用should/would/could/might+have done。故选D。18、Aristotle proposed that teachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition _as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas.Ais usedBwould be usedCshould useDbe used答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：亚里士多德建议教师系统地引导学生，重复是培养好习惯的关键工具，而不是苏格拉底强调通过提问来引出自己的想法。分子句子结构可知，proposed表示“建议”，后面是两个并列的宾语从句，从句谓语动词使用 (should) do，should可以省略，排除A项和B项；repetition和use为被动关系，需用被动语态，排除C项。故选D。19、The doctor insisted that I _ a high fever and that I _ a rest for a few days.Ahad; hadBhave; haveChad; haveDhave; had答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：医生坚持说我发高烧，并坚持要求我休息几天。分析可知，第一个空前的谓语insisted，意为“坚持认为”含义，之后宾语从句应是陈述句语气，即：一般过去时；第二空前谓语insisted被省略，但意为“坚持要求”，之后宾语从句应是虚拟语气，即：that+主语+（should）+动词原形。故选C项。20、Without gravity（重力), we _ walk on the ground as freely as we do now.AcouldntBmustntCshantDneednt答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：没有重力，我们不可能像现在这样自由地在地上行走。A. couldnt不可能；B. mustnt禁止；C. shant不应该；D. neednt 没必要。由语意可知，本句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故句子谓语动词的否定式要用wouldnt / couldnt/ shouldnt/ mightnt+动词原形。故选A项。21、Mary is blind. If she _ the bright world now, she would be full of joy.Awill seeBcan seeCcould seeDhas seen答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：Mary是盲人。如果她现在能看到这个光明的世界，她将充满快乐。根据条件状语从句中的now与“would be”可知，这句话是对与现在事实相反的情况的虚拟。与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式，主句谓语用should（would, could, might）+动词原形。选项中只有选项C中的could是情态动词can的过去式，故选C。小提示：虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式，主句谓语用should（would, could, might）+动词原形。与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用should（would, could, might）+have+过去分词。与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用should（would, could, might）+动词原形。根据本句句意以及条件状语从句中的now，我们可知是对现实事实的假设，故从句中的谓语动词使用过去式。故选C。22、How I wish I _ fly to the moon!Really? That would be great.AcanBmayCshouldDcould答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望我能飞到月球上！真的吗？那太好了。wish后面的宾语从句中应用虚拟语气，wish用的是一般现在时，表示与现在事实相反的假设，所以用一般过去时态。故选D项。23、This car is important to our family. We would repair it at our expense _ it break down within the first year.AcouldBwouldCmightDshould答案：D解析：考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：这辆车对我们家很重要。如果在第一年内发生故障，我们将自费修理。A. could能；B. would会；C. might也许会；D. should应该。分析句子可知，本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句为：sb should do sth，主句为：sb would/could/might/should do。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。故D选项正确。小提示：if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设haddonewould/could/might/shouldhavedone与现在事实相反的假设过去时(waswere)would/could/might/shoulddo与将来事实相反的假设过去时(waswere);shoulddo;weretodowould/could/might/shoulddo当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。分析句子可知，本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句为：sb should do sth, 主句为：sb would/could/might/should do。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。因前面从句已经用了would，所以主句应该用should。故D选项正确。24、She insisted that the man who had stolen her wallet _ to the police station.AsendingBto be sentCbe sentDbeing sent答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：她坚持要把那个偷她钱包的人送到警察局去。根据句意可知，insist意为“坚持要求，坚决主张”，其后的that从句中用sb. should do的虚拟语气，should可省略，那个人是被送到警察局去，因此空格处是被动语态（should） be sent。故选C。25、I insisted that he _ at once.Abe goneBgoCwould goDmight go答案：B解析：考查insist后的宾语从句。句意：我坚持要他马上走。此处insist的意思是“坚持要”表示命令、要求，其后之宾语从句要用虚拟式动词原形 或者“should + 动词原形”。故选B。小提示：insist 的用法：1).意思是“坚持要”表示命令、要求，其后之宾语从句要用虚拟式动词原形 或者“should + 动词原形”。 例句：I insist that you (should) be present.这种虚拟语气的用法除了“insist”还有：demand,suggest,order,propose.2).意思是“坚持说,硬说”，其后宾语从句用普通时式，不用虚拟语气。例句：She insisted that he was wrong.26、Most students believe its nice to donate blood for it could save somebodys life while others insist that we _ blood for it may cause some illnesses.Adont donateBwouldnt donateCmight not donateDnot donate答案：D解析：本题考查insist的虚拟语气用法。句意：大多数学生相信献血是好事，因为这可以拯救一个人的生命，然而另一些人坚持要求不献血，因为这或许会导致一些疾病。insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后若接宾语从句，应使用（should） do的虚拟语气，且should可以省略。此处为(should) not donate，故选D。27、Had China and other countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiate not worked together, we _ great achievements in the financial development since 2015.Ahadnt achievedBwould not have been achievingCdid not achieveDwould not achieve答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果中国和其他参与“一带一路”倡议的国家没有共同努力，我们自2015年以来就不会在金融发展方面取得巨大成就。分析句子可知，题干中考查虚拟条件句，逗号前面是省略了if的虚拟条件句，从句中用了过去完成时，是与过去事实相反的假设，主句中是对已经发生过去的且还在进行中的事件的虚拟，需要用“would/should/could/might have been doing”。故选B项。28、Dont be afraid! If the person standing in front of us were a witch, she _ us into frogs already.Awould turnBwould have turnedCmay turnDmay have turned答案：B解析：考查if引导的虚拟条件句。句意：别害怕！如果站在我们面前的人是女巫，她早把我们变成青蛙了。分析句子可知，事实上站在我们面前的不是女巫，所以if引导的从句是用的虚拟语气；且根据already可以知道是对已经发生的事情（过去）的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟时，谓语要用wouldcouldmightshould+have done，故选B项。小提示：if 引导的虚拟语气的用法概括：1). 表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式（ be 动词用 were ），主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai. 如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好） If they had time, they would / could / might go with me. 如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。 2). 表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如： If I had taken his advice, I shouldnt / wouldnt / couldnt have made such a mistake. 如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。 3). 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形，主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： The glass would break if you dropped it. 杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来） If it should rain, the crops would / could / might be saved. 假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。29、His pale face suggested that he _, and his wife urged that he _ a medical examination.Adoesnt feel himself； haveBnot feel himself； hasCdoesnt feel himself； hasDnot feel himself； have答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他苍白的脸色暗示他身体不正常，他妻子催促他应该去做一次体检。suggest作“暗示”用时，后接宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，要使用陈述语气，由此排除了B和D选项；urge作“催促”用时，后接宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即urge that somebody（should）do something，本句中should后的动词have要用原形，should可省略，排除C项，故选A。30、If Tom _ one more votes, he could be the monitor of our class now.AreceivedBhad receivedCshould receiveDwould receive答案：B解析：考查错综虚拟语气。句意：如果汤姆再得到一票，他现在就可以当我们班的班长了。主句与现在的事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为，If+主语+过去完成时+其他，故选B。31、My adviser recommended that I _ the advanced literature .Awould sign up forBsign up forCsigned up forDcould sign up for答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我的导师建议我报名读高级文学。that I _ the advanced literature .是一个宾语从句，位于主句谓语动词recommended之后，宾语从句要使用should + 动词原形，should可以被省略的虚拟语气，故选B。32、The teacher demanded that the books _ to the school library in five days.Ashould returnBreturnCwere returnedDbe returned答案：D解析：考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。句意：这位老师要求这些书要在五天之内归还图书馆。that the books _ to the school library in five days.是一个宾语从句，demand表示“要求”，其后的宾语从句中，用should + 动词原形，should可以被省略的虚拟语气，“书”和“归还”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选D。33、I would rather she _ at home next week.AstayBhave stayedCstayedDhad stayed答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿她下星期呆在家里。would rather之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。根据后文next week可知表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式。故选C。34、In the bright sunlight the surface of the lake looks as if it_dotted with shining diamonds.AisBwereCwill beDwould be答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：在明亮的阳光下，湖面看起来好像点缀着闪闪发光的钻石。点缀着闪闪发光的钻石是不可能发生的事情，故as if用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词应使用一般过去式，be动词常用were。故选B。35、It is necessary that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.AwasBwereCbeDis答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。句意：孩子的第一次眼睛检查必须在六个月大的时候进行。固定句型：It is necessary that 主语+（should）+动词原形+其他。该句型中谓语动词用should加动词原形，且should可以省略。故选C。36、The snowstorm sweeping across California delayed my flight, otherwise I _ in Hawaii sunbathing on the beach now.Awould beBcould have beenCwill beDmight have been答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：席卷加利福尼亚的暴风雪延误了我的航班，否则我现在会在夏威夷的海滩上晒太阳。根据句意，“我”现在不可能在夏威夷(因为航班延误了)，“我”所说的（我现在会