初二英语上册第六单元知识归纳.pdf

1初二英语上册第六单元知识归纳初二英语上册第六单元知识归纳Unit 6 Im going to study computer science.知识点归纳：知识点归纳：1.1.I I wantwant toto bebe a a computercomputer programmer.programmer.我想要成为一名电脑程序设计师我想要成为一名电脑程序设计师【解析】program n 节目 programmer My favorite TV _ is A Bite of Chinese(舌尖上的中国).We like it,too.My mother often cooks delicious food after watching it.A.instruction B.guidebook C.entertainment D.program Programmer n.程序员；程序器；节目编排者=programer（英）.The programmer come up with a solution to the system problem.程序员想出了一个解决系统问题的办法。computer programmer 电脑程序编制员.（计算机管理员）My father is a computer _(program)in a big company.2.bus driver 公共汽车司机公共汽车司机 basketball player 篮球运动员篮球运动员【解析】drive v 驾驶 driver n 司机Mr.Green _(driver)his car to the office yesterday.【拓展】.动词变名词 computer programmer;bus driver;basketball player drive v 驾驶 driver n 司机Mr.Green drove his car to the office yesterday.动词变名词几种形式(1)动词后加 er 变成所对应的名词listenlistener 听众 read reader 读者 teach teacher 教师clean cleaner 清洁工 singsinger 歌手 work worker 工人farm farmer 农夫 own owner 主人 play player 运动员wait waiter 服务员 (2)以 e 结尾的加 r write writer 作家 dancedancer 舞蹈演员 drive driver 驾驶员(3)在动词后加 or visitvisitor 参观者 invent inventor 发明者 actactor 男演员Li Na is an outstanding tennies player.These readers are all from Xian,Shanxi.（4）violin violinist;Piano n pianist 【拓展】-ist 是一个名词后缀，加在某些名词或动词后面，可用来表示“从事某种职业的人“piano pianist science scientist art artist 艺术家 Why do you want to be a scientist?3.violin violinist;Piano n pianist 【拓展拓展】-ist-ist 是一个名词后缀，是一个名词后缀，加在某些名词或动词后面，可用来表示加在某些名词或动词后面，可用来表示“从从2事某种职业的人事某种职业的人“pianopiano pianistpianist sciencescience scientistscientist artart artistartist 艺术家艺术家Why do you want to be a _(science)?My brother likes math very much.He wants to be a _ when he grows up.A.piano B.driver C.pilot D.scientist.science n 科学科学 scientistsant st n 科学家科学家Why do you want to be a _(science)?engineer n 工程师工程师 an engineer 一位工程师一位工程师 【记记】engine(发动机发动机)engineer()_ are you going to be in the future?Im going to be _.A.How;engineer B.What;engineer C.What;an engineer D.How;an engineerviolin n 小提琴小提琴 violinist val n st n 小提琴手小提琴手 Play the violin 拉小提琴拉小提琴【拓展拓展】-ist-ist 是一个名词后缀，是一个名词后缀，加在某些名词或动词后面，可用来表示加在某些名词或动词后面，可用来表示“从从事某种职业的人事某种职业的人“pianopiano pianistpianist sciencescience scientistscientist artart artistartist 艺术家艺术家My cousin wants to be a _(violin)in the future.Piano n 钢琴钢琴 pianist p n st n 钢琴家钢琴家 play the piano 弹钢琴弹钢琴Do you play _ piano in your free time?No,I like sports.I often play_ soccer with my friends.A.不填；the B.the;不填 C.the;the D.a;a pilot pa lt n 飞行员飞行员()Michael likes flying around the word.I think being a(或an)_ is just right for him.A.pilot B.programmer C.engineer D.artist4.4.ImIm goinggoing toto movemove toto Shanghai.Shanghai.我打算搬到上海去。我打算搬到上海去。【解析】move v 移动，搬动【记】movie(电影)i move move to+地点 搬到某地()The family moved _ there,and had a happy life.A.in B.to C./D.with.We are glad to hear that the Greens _ to a new flat next week.A.move B.moved C.will move D.have moved35 cook 基本用法基本用法 n.cook 炊事员；炊事员；cooker 作名词，意为作名词，意为“炊具炊具”；v.cook 做饭；煮，既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词做饭；煮，既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。知识拓展-相关短语 do some cooking 做饭（菜）cook sth.for sb.为某人做某物The cook went to see the cake left in the oven.炊事员去照看炉子里的蛋糕了。Will she cook dinner this evening?她今晚要做晚饭吗？6 What do you want to be when you grow up?1)wantwant toto bebe 想当。，想成为。2)growgrow upup 指人或动物长大、成年、成熟。I grow up in Qingdao.3)when“当。时候”引导时间状语从句。在含有 when 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的动作都发生在将来，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。.I will go when your mother comes back.when 和 while 都有“当。时候”的意思，其区别是when 表示“当时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in,the students were talking.When she arrives,Ill call you.while 表示“当时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生，while 还可以作并列连词，意为“而、却”，表示对比关系。Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.7.My parents want me to be a doctor,but Im not sure about that.我父母想让我当医生，可是我没有把握。【解析 1】doctor dkt(r)n 医生 see the doctor 看医生 at the doctors 在诊所 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天一只苹果，医生远离你.John wants to be a _,so he often helps sick people in the hospital.A.reporter B.doctor C.scientist D.cook You look so healthy!Yeah,I like eating apples.An apple a day keeps the _ away.A.teacher B.worker C.farmerD.doctor【解析 2】sure adj.确信的be sure about 确信 make sure 确保4Li Ming is so careful that he always looks over his exercise to _ there are no mistakes.A.make sure B.find out C.think of (1)be sure+about/of+名词、代词或动名词 对有把握 be sure about 意为“对某事有把握；确信某事”，可与 be sure of 互换使用。She is sure of success.她确信会成功。(2)be sure to do sth.相信会做某事；一定会做某事 He is sure to win the game,because he has made every effort to prepare it.他肯定能赢，因为他做了充分的准备(3)be sure+that 从句 We are sure that you can make great progress this term.(4)make sure+that 从句 Make sure that you can find out the truth soon.确保你能很找出真相。make sure to do sth 务必干()You need to take notes at the meeting so make sure _ a pen and some paper with you.A.bring B.bringing C.to bring D.not bring make sure of sb./sth 弄清楚某人/事There arent many tickets left for the concert,youd better _that you get one today.A.make sure of B.make a decision C.make sure D.make plans8.Im going to keep on writing stories.我打算继续写作。我打算继续写作。【解析 1】be going to+动词原形 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情，其 中的 be 动词要根据句子主语来确定。一般将来时常与表示将来的时间的状语如 tomorrow;next week 等连用。Im going _(give)her a present when she _(come).【解析 2】keep on 继续 Keep on doing sth 继续做某事(指经过一段时间的间隙后“继续做同一件事”)()Although its late,he still keeps on _ his homework.A.does B.doing C.do D.didkeep sb.doing sth 使某人处于某种状态keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止某人做某事拓展：go on 继续 go on doing sth(同一件事)/go on to do sth（不同事情）Although its late,he still keeps on doing his homework.9.How are you going to do that？你打算怎么做？你打算怎么做？【解析】be going to 表示将要发生的动作,含有“计划,打算”的意思,后跟动词原形。常跟表将来的时间连用。如:next Sunday 下星期天,next 5month 下个月,next year 明年,tomorrow 明天，the day after tomorrow 后天等。陈述句(肯定)I am going to play football this afternoon我打算今天下午踢足球。(否定)Im not going to swim this Sunday.这个星期天我不打算去游泳。疑问句Are you gong to cook supper for your family tonight?你今晚将为你家人做饭吗？Yes,I am./No,Im not.What are you going to do when you grow up?你长大后将做什么？注意：1.There be 句型用 be going to do 形式表将来，意为“将有”，该句型是：There(be)going to be 前面的 be 有人称、数、时态的变化，后面的 be 不能换成 have.There is going to be a film this evening.今晚有一场电影。Is there going to be a concert tonight?今天晚上有音乐会吗？Yes,there is./No,there isnt.2.像 come、go、leave、arrive、fly 等表示位置转移的动词，常用现在进行时表示将要发上的动作：Miss Yang is coming tonight.杨老师今晚要来。Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我明天到北京。10.practice vt.练习，后接名词，代词或练习，后接名词，代词或 v-ing 作宾语。作宾语。Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.常跟 v-ing 作宾语的动词有：finish,enjoy,keep,keep on,mind,practice,feel like,cant help(情不自禁)，look forward to,以下是动词后跟 ing 作为宾语的参考记忆法考虑建议盼望原谅：consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon.承认推迟没得想：admit,delay/put off,fancy.避免错过继续练：avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice.否认完成能欣赏：deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate.不禁介意与逃亡：cant help,mind,escape.不准冒险凭想象：forbid,risk,imagine.11.Im going to study medicine at a university.我打算在大学里学医。我打算在大学里学医。基本用法 n.medicine 医学（术）；（内服）药 He is a doctor of medicine.他是一位医学博士。A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。知识拓展-相关短语6 take some medicine 吃药 You should take the medicine three times a day.你一天吃三次药。拓展：拓展：Medicine n.药；医学药；医学 用作名词(n.)一般为不可数名词。I have a stomachache.May I have some medicine?我胃痛,能给我开点药吗?The best medicine for you now would be a good holiday.目前对你来说,一个愉快的假期就是一剂良药。medicine 和 drug 的比较：前者可以表示物质名词，统一表示“药物”，而后者不可以。表示“服药”时，medicine 习惯与动词 take 搭配，而不是 eat，2.drug 为可数名词;medicine 泛指“药物”或“疗法”时是不可数名词。12、.Im going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspaper.send v 邮寄，发送 sent sent send sb.sth=send sth to sb.送某人某物.Please send my best wishes to Mary.【拓展拓展】give(pass/show/sell)sb.sth=give(pass/show/sell)sth to sb.原文再现 Im going to write articles and send them to 我打算写一些文章，把它们寄往 基本用法 v.send 寄；发送；派遣；打发。（过去式：sent 过去分词：sent 现在分词：sending 第三人称单数：sends）Please send me a post card when you get to Paris.你到巴黎时，请给我寄张明信片。知识拓展 相关句型/结构 send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.把某物寄送给某人 能接双宾语的动词还有：第一类：give,show,bring,teach,tell 等，这一类结构：动词+间接宾(sb.)+直接宾语(sth.)可改写成：动词+直接宾语(sth.)+to+间接宾语(sb.)第二类：buy,sing,make,cook,get 等，改写时不用介词 to，而用 for，即：动词+直接宾语(sth.)+for+间接宾语(sb.)。My father bought a computer for me.我爸爸给我买了一台电脑。拓展拓展：send away 遣走,解雇 send for 召唤,派人去叫;派人去取 send off 为送行 see sb offsend up 发射,13.Not everyone knows what they want to be.不是每个人都知道他们想做什么的。不是每个人都知道他们想做什么的。【解析】not everyone 并不是每个人7()Not everyone _ here.A.is B.are C.am everyone 作不定代词时视为第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。Is_ here?No.Kate is ill in hospital.A.someone B.anyone C.everyone 部分否定：当 not 与 all,every,both 等连用时，表示部分否定，not 可放在这些词之前，也可放在句中。Not all of them know the answer.全部否定：相应的表示全部否定的词。如：none;no one;no;neither None of them know the answer.“I dont think I am different from else.I am just the son of a farmer,”Mo Yan said.A.anyone B.nobody C.someone D.everyone14.To14.To questionquestion thethe ideaidea ofof makingmaking resolutions.resolutions.就做决定的想法提问。就做决定的想法提问。基本用法 v.question 怀疑；提问；质询 Do you question his honesty?你怀疑他的忠诚吗？知识拓展-其他词性 n.question 问题 Please read the passage and answer the following questions.请阅读文章，并回答下列问题。拓展拓展 Question n.问题；疑问 v.询问；怀疑 question 的基本意思是需要回答的“问题”,尤其指讨论中的事物,需要决定的事物、查询、事件等,即“议题,难题”,是可数名词。That is a great international question of the day.那是当代的一个重大国际问题。Its a difficult question to decide.这是个难以决定的问题。question 可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时接名词、代词或 if/whether 从句作宾语。question 后常用介词 about 或 on 来表示某方面的问题。What right have you to question us?你有什么权力盘问我们?I would never question his honesty.我绝不会怀疑他的诚实。I question if you can do it.我对你能否做这件事表示怀疑。question,problem这两个词都有“问题”的意思。其区别是：question 是一般的问题,较为常用,往往需要对方答复;problem 指要解答的、须解决的或供讨论的问题,也可指难以处理的问题,还可指数学习题。例如:The students asked a lot of questions.学生们问了许多问题。We cant go out in this weather;its out of the question.这样的天气我们不能出去,根本不要提出去的事吧。815.15.bebe goinggoing toto 的用法的用法“be going to+动词原形”表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow,next year 等时间状语或 when 引导的时间状语从句连用。其各种句式变化借助 be 助动词完成。be 随主语有 is,am,are 的变化，going to 后接动词原形。基本结构如下：肯定形式主语+be going to+动词原形 She is going to do some shopping.否定形式主语+be not going to+动词原形She is t going to do some shopping.疑问形式 Be+主语+going to+动词原形 Is she going to do some shopping?肯定回答Yes,主语+be Yes,she is 否定回答No,主语+be no No,she is t注：“there be+be going to”的使用，意为“将有.”例：There is going to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上将有一个会议。切记：不能用 havebe going to+动词原形表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow,next year 等时间状语或 when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助 be 动词完成，be 随主语有 am,is,are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形+其他。He is going to take the bus there.否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他 Im not going to see my friends this weekend.一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.否定回答：No,主语+be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend?Yes,I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他？What is he going to do this weekend?When are you going to see your friends?2)如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to+地点We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3)表示位置移动的动词，如 go,come,leave 等常用进行时表示将来。The bus is coming.My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4)be going to 与 will 的区别：对未来事情的预测用“will+动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在 will 后面加 not,也可用 will 后面加 not,或者缩略式wont,变一般疑问句将 will 提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future?Yes,they will./No,they wont.will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而 be going to 指某事肯定9发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.陈述将来的某个事实用 will.I will ten years old next year.表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.Im tired I will go to bed.表示意愿用 will.Ill tell you the truth.表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to,而不用 will.Im going to buy a computer this month.-Lets discuss the plan,shall we?-Not now.I _ to an interview.A.go B.went C.am going D.was going-Jack is busy packing luggage.-Yes.He _for America on vacation.A.leaves B.left C.is leaving D.has been away16.Im going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspaper.我打算写文章并将文章投给杂志和报纸。我打算写文章并将文章投给杂志和报纸。【解析 1】article rtkl n 文章，论文 write article 写文章 an article 一篇文章 【解析 2】send send v 邮寄，发送 sent sent send sb.Sth=send sth to sb.送某人某物My husband always _me flowers every week before we got married,but now he never _Asends;does Bsent;does Cwas going to send;doDsent;do I _(send)an e-mail to my teacher now.【拓展】give(pass/show/sell)sb.sth=give(pass/show/sell)sth to sb.【短语】send for 派人去请 send up 发射；send off 寄出；为送行 send out 派遣；发出()On June16,2012,China _ its Shenzhou IX spaceship.A.set out B.set off C.sent up D.sent outHis leg is seriously injured in the accident._ a doctor at once.A.Ask for B.Send for C.Wait for D.Look for17.What do you want to be when you grow up?长大后你想做什么？长大后你想做什么？【解析 1】when “当时”,when 引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时Jim wants to be a computer engineer when he _(长大)。What is your brother going to be when he _?He is going to be a doctor.A.wakes up B.grows up C.stands up D.hurries up【解析 2】grow grew grown v(1)生长，成长 (2)种植 【记】row（行，排）grow grow up 成长，长大()When he _,he _ to be a policeman.A.grow up;want B.grows up;want C.grows up;wants D.grow up;wants10()The boy is going to be a pilot when he grows up.A.get up B.leaves school C.becomes an adult D.becomes a teenager14.Hes going to take acting lessons 他打算去上表演课他打算去上表演课【词形变换】act v 表演 actor n 男演员 actress n 女演员【名言】Think carefully before you act.三思而后行【短语】an actor 一个男演员 act as 充当,起作用 Li Long loves art and wants to be an_(act)in the future take acting lessons 上表演课 Are they going to take _(act)lessons?No,they arent.【注】take singing lessons 上声乐课 take lessons=have lessons 上课 give sb.a lesson 给某人一个教训 A/An_ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains,the blue sea and many other things.A.actor B.scientist C.artist D.doctor Actions speak _ than words.A.loud B.louder C.loudest15.Well,dont worry.嗯，不要担心。嗯，不要担心。【解析】worry v 担心 worried adj.焦急的worry about=be worried about 为担心Dont be _(worry).Youll catch up with others.Dont _ about things so much.It will make you stressed out.A.afraid B.worry C.worried D.terrifiedDont be worried.Youll catch up with others.16.Just make sure you try your best.只要你尽力就好。只要你尽力就好。【解析 2】try v 试图，设法，努力 【拓展】(1)try on 试穿 (2)try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】(3)try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth=do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 We should _(尽最大努力)to be happy in the future.Many children are left alone in the countryside.Lets try our best _ them.A.help B.helping C.to help D.HelpsI dont know whether the dream can come true,but I will try _best.(I)17.Im going to practice basketball every day.我将会每天练习篮球。我将会每天练习篮球。（同前（同前10例）例）【解析】practice n/v 锻炼；练习practice doing sth 练习做某事【拓展】后接动名词作宾语的动词有：完成、实践、值得、忙(finish;practice;be worth;be busy)11继续、习惯、别放弃 (keep on;be used to;give up)考虑、建议、不禁、想(consider;suggest;cant help;feel like)喜欢、思念、要介意 (enjoy;miss;mind)-Tim played the guitar very well in the school talent show.-I think so.He practices _ it every day.A.play B.playing C.to play D.plays18.To give the meaning of resolutions 解释决心的含义 基本用法 n.meaning 意义；意图；涵义 The meaning of“nation”is“country”.“nation”的意思是“国家”。知识拓展-相关句型/结构 如果问：这个单词什么意思？可以用下面三种表达方式：Whats the meaning of this word?What does this word mean?What do you mean by this word?19.To discuss the different kinds of resolution.讨论不同类型的决心。讨论不同类型的决心。基本用法 v.discuss 讨论；议论（过去式：discussed 过去分词：discussed 现在分词：discussing 第三人称单数：discusses）Lets discuss when to go for a picnic.让我们讨论下何时去野餐。20.20.ManyMany resolutionresolution havehave toto dodo withwith