汽车钢板弹簧设计计算1.xls

汽车钢板弹簧设计题号 4.3(等厚矩形截面钢板弹簧)一.初定片数,截面尺寸1.主片数 n0(1-3)总片数 n(6-14)2.计算钢板弹簧平均厚度 h11)转动惯量J0=(L-KS)3C/(48E)(mm4)弹性模量E=2.1*105 N/mm2(N/mm2)210000(N/mm 2)系数=n0/n#DIV/0!2)挠度增大系数=1.5/1.04(1+0.5)#DIV/0!3)刚度C=FW/fc4)Fw=(轴荷-非簧载）/2 N 满载轴荷（N）13312 非簧载（N）=mg (m：kg)2959.6 Fw=(轴荷-非簧载）/2 （N）5176.2 满载静挠度fc（mm）60 刚度C(N/mm)=16/fc0.586.275）无效长度系数K（弹性联接：0.5，刚性联接：0）0.56）钢板弹簧的静应力c=FW（L-KS）/（4W0）(N/mm2)许用应力c=（1.391.55）fc+（245315）398.4338328.4408 一般c选取大一些,使W0小；h1大，以满足制动时max的要求。钢板弹簧总截面系数W0=Fw（L-KS）/（4c）(mm3)钢板弹簧作用距离L（mm）1100 两个U型螺栓中心距S（mm）122 W0(mm3)3374.794 3977.86 4094.15 3295.387 J0(mm4)#DIV/0!L-KS1039（L-KS）21079521 平均厚度h1=2J0/W0=（L-KS）2c/（6Efc）#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!7）计算比应力比=6Eh1/（L-KS）2）#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!（4.55.5）(N/mm2)。如不满足，需重选n0，n8）计算最大应力max=比（fc+fd）9001000（N/mm2）动挠度fd(mm)47 最大应力max(N/mm2)#DIV/0!3.计算片宽b,片厚h （计算公式：J0=nbh3/12）1)片厚h=1.1h1#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!圆整h(mm)#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!2)片宽b=12J0/h3/n(矩形断面)#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!圆整b(mm)#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!按型材GB1222-84选取45453)校核:6b/h10（如不满足要求，需重选n0，n，b）#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!4)粗校固有频率N=16/fc0.5(Hz)2.065591 J0=nbh3/12#DIV/0!C=J0*48E/(L-KS)3#DIV/0!fc=Fw/C#DIV/0!N（Hz）#DIV/0!二.按作图法确定各片的弦长1.h3#DIV/0!2.(n0-1)h3#DIV/0!3.nh3#DIV/0!4.A(L/2,(n0-1)h3),B(S/2,nh3)两点直线方程：（x-x1）/（x1-x2）=（y-y1）/（y1-y2）即：x=ay+b x1=L/2550 x2=S/261 a=（x1-x2）/（y1-y2）#DIV/0!b=x1-（x1-x2）*y1/（y1-y2）#DIV/0!5.求各片的弦长Li(xi)圆整为尾数为0,5 (单边)双边(该栏Li自己输入,不存在的Li=0)1)最短片L1#DIV/0!#DIV/0!140280L2 (单边)#DIV/0!#DIV/0!225450L3#DIV/0!#DIV/0!305610L4#DIV/0!#DIV/0!390780L5#DIV/0!#DIV/0!470940L6#DIV/0!#DIV/0!5501100L7#DIV/0!#DIV/0!00L8#DIV/0!#DIV/0!00L9#DIV/0!#DIV/0!00L10#DIV/0!#DIV/0!00L11#DIV/0!#DIV/0!00L12#DIV/0!#DIV/0!00L13#DIV/0!#DIV/0!00L14#DIV/0!#DIV/0!00L15#DIV/0!#DIV/0!00n=6,Ln=L6550三.挠度验算1.钢板弹簧刚度的计算(列表计算)叶片序号I(逆顺序)1(最短片)2345671)li（单边弦长）14022530539047055002)i-1=li-1/li0 1.60714 1.355556 1.27869 1.20513 1.17021303)Ii=bh3（惯性矩）#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!4)i-1=Ii-1/Ii0#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!5)Ai-1=(-i-1)/(2i-1)0-0.1889-0.13115#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!6)i-1Ai-1 4)*5)0#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!7)i-1 16)011#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!8)i-1+i-1 4)+7)0#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!9)i-I 6)/8)0#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!10)Ci-1=(-i-1)i-12/20-0.7841-0.32667#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!11)i-1Ci-1 9)*10)0#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!12)Ki 端部形状系数000000013)(1-i-1)31-0.2238-0.04495-0.0216-0.0086-0.00493114)(1-i-1)3Ki 12)*13)000000015)Bi 14)[phone])i=Bi-i-2*Ci-211#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!n=6,n=6#DIV/0!2.钢板弹簧总成刚度C=6EIn/ln3/n(N/mm)#DIV/0!1)刚度差(C实-C理)/C实*100 (%)#DIV/0!2)钢板弹簧总成挠度fc=2*Pn/C(mm)#DIV/0!2Pn=Fw3)钢板弹簧的固有频率N(Hz)=16/fc0.5 （1.32.3Hz）#DIV/0!四.钢板弹簧各片应力的计算(列表计算,接三.1)叶片序号I(逆顺序)16(主片)1514131217)单边弦长li(按三.1.1)li输入,83行)0000018)i-1=li-1/li#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!19)i-1 (151)(三.1,9)逆顺序,自己输入)15 14 13 12 11不存在的片数及主片取i=1(I片数n)1111120)i(i=1n-1)1 15 1514 151413 1512 即连乘n-121（第一主片为：1）i1111121)弯矩截面系数Wi=bhh/6 (矩形截面)#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!22)载荷P=Fw/2 (N,悬臂梁)2588.1 P(主片)2588.12588.12588.12588.12588.123)P/Wi P/Wi#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!24)Pli/Wi 17)*23)Pli/Wi#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!25)(Pli/Wi)i 24)*20)#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!26)i-1i-1 18)*19)#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!27)1-i-1i-1 1-26)#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!28)1-i-1 1-18)0#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!29)固定断应力(i)0 N/mm2 25)*27)拉应力#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!30)各片接触应力(i)c N/mm2 25)*28)压应力#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!五.加预应力（根据片数自己输入）:主要征对i0来考虑1.主片(一.二片)加负的预应力0i:-(80150)N/mm2010203042.其它各片加正的预应力0i:+(2060)N/mm2,基本相等,且寿命相当。-1002020203.要求任一截面中预应力造成的弯矩代数和等于零。0iW0=0六.钢板弹簧各片实际长度的计算(生产;制造钢板弹簧用,即计算弧长的各片曲率半径Rmi)叶片序号I(正)主片1234561.满载时弧高fai=fa+(i-1)h(mm)8#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!2.曲率半径Rm1)各片弦长Li(对照J63J77输入)110011009409407707706106104504502802802)各片计算弦长L1i=(Li-KS)/2519.5439.5354.5274.5194.5109.53)各片曲率半径Rmi=L1i2/2/fai+fai/216871.5#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!4)各片夹角i=arcsin(L1i/Rmi)0.0308#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!3.弧长Li1=2iRmi1039.16#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!4.实际弧长Li2=Li1+KS1100.16#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!5.主片11)卷耳内径D352)卷耳长度L卷=(D+h)7/8#DIV/0!3)滑板外延伸长度L延(4750mm)506.主片21)包耳长度L包=(27.5+h)3/2+12#DIV/0!(注：包耳半径R27.5=D/2+包耳偏心e（e=4）+间隙24）2)倒钩弯曲半径R153)倒钩长度L倒=(R+h/2)/2+25#DIV/0!4）各片总成伸直长度Li伸=各片弦长Li+L卷#DIV/0!#DIV/0!940940770770610610450450 +L延（或L包+L倒）+滑板吊耳宽度（40mm）七.钢板弹簧总成在自由状态（未装车）下各片的曲率半径R0i1.未夹紧“U”型螺栓时的空载弧高F=fc+fa+1）动挠度fd472）预压缩（制造预压缩，热处理）产生的塑性变形=（0.0550.075）（fc+fd）（813mm）5.8858.0253）F#DIV/0!#DIV/0!4）U型螺栓夹紧时对弧高的影响H11.83735#DIV/0!H=S/2/L2*（3L-S）（fc+fa+）2.求自由状态(已装配成弹簧总成，即空载)下的总成弧高F0F0=F+H(图上标注空载弧高)#DIV/0!#DIV/0!3.求主片的曲率半径R01(用二分法，)公式F(R)=1-F0/R01-COS(L12/2R01)=0:二分法如下:F(R)=0（计算到小数点后五位）(C：F(Rxi)0,D：F(Rxi)0)1)设Rx1=1500,Rx2=2000150020002)F(Rx1)0#DIV/0!#DIV/0!03)令Rx3=(Rx1+Rx2)/217504)F(Rx3)#DIV/0!05)令Rx4=(Rx1+Rx3)/216256)F(Rx4)0#DIV/0!7)令Rx5=(Rx3+Rx4)/21687.58)F(Rx5)#DIV/0!09)令Rx6=(Rx4+Rx5)/21656.2510)F(Rx5)#DIV/0!011)令Rx7=(Rx4+Rx6)/21640.62512)F(Rx7)#DIV/0!013)令Rx8=(Rx4+Rx7)/21632.8114)F(Rx8)0#DIV/0!15)令Rx9=(Rx7+Rx8)/21636.71916)F(Rx9)#DIV/0!017)令Rx10=(Rx8+Rx9)/21634.76618)F(Rx10)#DIV/0!019)令Rx11=(Rx8+Rx10)/21633.78920)F(Rx11)#DIV/0!021)装配后的曲率半径R01=(Rx8+Rx11)/21632.81633.781633.294.其于各片的曲率半径R0i为R01的同心圆：叶片序号I(正)1234567 R0i=R01+(i-1)h1633.29#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!八.钢板弹簧各片在自由状态下的曲率半径计算（未装配成总成）1.求各片的曲率半径Ri（装配成总成前，图上需标注）公式：Ri=R0i/（1+20iR0i/Ehi）(为2.中计算R0作准备：)叶片序号(正)1234567Ri#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!li（按J63J77自己输入，顺序相反）11009407806104502800li/Ri#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!2.作弧高验算1）装配后的总成的曲率半径R0由最小势能原理可知：1/R0=（Iili/Ri）/（Iili）Ii：第i片的惯性矩=bh3/12li：第I片的长度（没有的片数取li=0）Ri：第I片自由状态下的曲率半径(图上标注)（同第G182V182）对各片厚度相等，则1/R0=（li/Ri）/li （li/Ri）#DIV/0!li4160R0=#DIV/0!2）弧高F验=R0-（R02-l012）0.5 lo1：第一片的计算弦长=（L1-KS）/2（同E126）519.5 F验：#DIV/0!#DIV/0!或F验=L2/8/R0近式公式#DIV/0!#DIV/0!3）弧高的比较 F验与F0=fc+fd+H进行比较，如相差大，说明预应力加得不合适，需修改。F验-F0#DIV/0!F验-F0/F0*100（%）#DIV/0!3.求各片在自由状态下的弧高Fi(图上需标注)叶片序号I(正)12345 l0i=（li-KS）/2 ：计算弦长l0i519.5439.5359.5274.5194.5 Fi=Ri-(Ri2-l0i2)0.5 (l0i:第I片的计算弦长)Fi#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!或Fi=L2/8/Ri近式公式Fi近#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!4.给出产品的出厂检验标准(图上需标注)1)空载时(P=0),弧高F=F验#DIV/0!2)载荷P=X时（钢板弹簧总成上作用的载荷）,弧高F1 设P=2000N20002000 在载荷P下产生的静挠度fc1=P/C C：钢板弹簧总成的计算刚度（同F101）#DIV/0!F1=F验-fc1#DIV/0!#DIV/0!九.钢板总成在极限工作下的强度验计算1.紧急制动时,前钢板弹簧承受的载荷最大,在它的后半段出现最大应力 max=m1G1(i1+C)l2/(l1+l2)/W0900 1000N/m ：道路负着系数，取=0.7。0.7 C：满载时弹簧固定点到路面的距离，mm。600 l1，l2：弹簧前、后段长度，mm。（l1=l2=L/2）550550 G1：作用在前轴上的静载荷的一半（N）。=Fw5176.2 m1:制动时前轴负荷转移系数（货车：1.41.6，轿车：1.21.4）1.5 W0：钢板弹簧总截面系数，=nWi+W斜垫板 W斜垫板：考虑KS处断面。（L*b*h*h1）：取140*45*10*6（根据b；h；取）45106 Bks/277 W斜垫板=bhKS/22/6367.5 W0#DIV/0!max#DIV/0!m1*G1*l24270365 l1+*C970 1/（l1+l2）/W0#DIV/0!2.通过不平路面 max=kG1l1l2/(l1+l2)/W0900 1000N/m k=（fc+fd）/fc 动载系数1.00908 max （N/m）#DIV/0!十.卷耳和销的检验1.卷耳的检验 是由弯曲应力和拉(压)应力合成的：=3Fx(D+hp1)/bhp12+Fx/bhp1350N/m（取大的安全系数）Fx：沿弹簧纵向作用在卷耳中心线上的力，N。Fx=G1m15435.01 D：卷耳内径，mm。3535 b、hp1：钢板弹簧主片宽和厚，mm。=3Fx(D+hp1)/bhp12+Fx/bhp1#DIV/0!2.销的验算 弹簧销的直径d按钢板弹簧受静载荷时的挤压应力z验算 z=Fs/b/d d：销的直径，mm。3030 b：卷耳处叶片宽，mm。45 Fs：钢板弹簧端部载荷，N。Fs=m1G17764.3 20号钢或20Cr钢渗碳处理，取79N/m。dFs/b/24.64857 z5.751333注：1.带下划线的数字需参造设计任务书；前面的计算值等自己输入。2.斜写的数字需与许用值进行比较。3.加黑的数字需在装配图上标出。8910111213141516000000000#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!000000000#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!111098765432100000550470390305225140#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!0.8545 0.82979 0.782050.7377 0.622220 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 _11111-0.041-0.0475-0.0716-0.0656-0.0944 1511 1510 159 158 157 156 155 154 153 152 151111111-0.0412 0.00196-0.0001 9.2E-06-9E-07#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!2588.12588.12588.12588.12588.12588.12588.12588.12588.12588.12588.1#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!-0.035-0.0394-0.056-0.0484-0.05870#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!1.0352 1.03941 1.05599 1.04839 1.058741#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#0.14545 0.17021 0.217950.2623 _#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!_0506070809101112131415162020000000000078910111213141516#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!2802800 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08910111213141516#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!8910111213141516#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!000000000#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!678910111213141516109.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5-30.5#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!