新版新目标英语八年级下册unit7知识点总结.pdf

Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?Section A1.square (1)adj.平方米,用于数字后表面积 an area of 95 square meters 95 平方米的面积(2)n,正方形；广场 Many old people like dancing on the square after supper.2.in size=have/has an area of.（面积）大小3.1,025 meters 深 1,025 米 表示事物的长、宽、高、深等时，主要有两种表达方式：(1)基数词+单位名词+形容词（long,wide,tall,deep 等）如果数词超过 1，单位名词要用复数形式。单位词：meter;foot;inch;kilogram 等 Yao Ming is over 2 meters tall.The river is 50 meters wide.(2)基数词+单位名词+in+名词（length;width;height;depth 等）two meters long=two meters in length 2 米长 three feet high=two feet in height.3 英尺高(3)数字+量词（单位）+形容词（long/wide/tall/deep 等）长、宽、高、深还可用复合形容词表示 各个词间用连字符连接，常作前置定语修饰名词。Jeremy Shu-How Lin is a 1.91-meter-tall-basketball player.4.deep adj.深的 take a deep breath.深深呼吸 adj n deep depth long length high height widewidth 5.any other+可数名词的单数 任何其他的(1)any other 其他任何一个,后接可数名词单数，在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他任何人或物通常用于比较级，多用于同一范围内相比较。Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.(2)any other+可数名词单数=the other+可数名词复，也可用最高级形式表达。Lucy is more careful than any other student in her class.(any other+可数名词单数）=Lucy is more careful than the other students in her class.(the other+名词复数）=Lucy is the most careful student in her class.6.a lot .得多；很多；非常(1)a lot 很多，做副词短语，修饰动词，放在动词之后。相当于 very much.It usually rains a lot at this time of year.(2)a lot of=lots of+复数名词=many+复数名词=much+不可数名词7.population 人口；人口数量(1)population 做主语且强度整体人口时，谓语动词一般用单数，The population is increasing faster and faster.(2)当主语时“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词常用复数形式。Three quarters of the population are workers.(3)表示人口的多或少时,用 large 或 small The population of China is very large.中国人口众多(4)询问某国、某地有多少人口时,用 How large.?How large is the population of your hometown?你们家乡有多少人口?(5)What is the population of Canada?加拿大的人口有多少?提问有多少人口句型(6)表示某地有多少人口时，用 has a population of 句型8.much 得多（修饰比较级）类似的词：even 更.a lot 很多；.得多 a little 比.一点可修饰比较级的词 a bit,a little,rather,much,far,a lot,a great deal,any,still,even.9.even 甚至(用在比较级前，表示程度）10.tour n 旅行 tourist n 旅游者 touristy adj.游客很多的.tour guide 导游The Stone Forest is an exciting sight.But it is too_.(tour)Beijing is a _(tourist)city.The Great Wall is very famous in the world.So it is _(tour).(1)travel v 旅行 traveller n 旅游者 travelling adj.旅行的(2)travel to 到旅行 travel all over the world.周游世界11.tour/trip/travel/journey【记】观光游玩用 tour，长途陆路用 journey，短途短期用 trip，travel 用法最普遍，特别用于指游记”12.how long 多长；多久(1)对长度提问 How long is the table?About 1.2 meters.(2)对时间提问，常用 for 或 since 引导的时间状语来回答。How long does it take you to do your homework in the evening?For two hours.13.amazing adj.惊人的，令人吃惊的14.protect v 保护 We should protect children.protect sb./sth from 保护某人/某物使其不受 protect your eyes from the sun.不要让阳光伤害你的眼睛。15.as(1)conj.像一样，正如（用来引导状语从句）I was surprised as he opened the door.(2)prep.作为 I get job as a teacher.16.as far as I know 据我所知 as far as 就.来说，至于.,引导状语从句，强调范围或程度，常与动词 know,see,等连用，可放在 句首或句中。as far as I can remember 据我所记得的 as far as I can see 依我所见17.one of+the adj.最高级+可数名词复数18.famous=wellknown adj.著名的，有名的(1)be famous for 因而著名 （某人因某种知识、技能或特征而出名）China is famous for the Great Wall and Pandas(2)be famous as 作为.而出名（某人以某种身份而出名）Lu Xun was famous as a writer.19.include v 包括 including prep 包括（放在被包括的对象之前）I have many pen pals _(include)Lucy.All the people must take part in the activities,_ the monitors and the teachers.A.include B.including C.included D.to include.travel一般指长途旅行，到国外或远方旅行。travel 还可作动词tour旅行，周游，观光.一般团队都是 tourtrip一般指短距离旅行，直达目的地的旅行journey有时并不指真正意义的旅行，而只是表示走过一段距离。20.freeze v freezing adj.冻冰的；结冰的 Today it is freezing cold.frozen adj.冻结的，被冰覆盖的 I dont like frozen food.21.condition 条件；状况 out of condition 不健康，身体不好 in good condition 情况良好；完好22.take in 吸入；吞入（体内）take after（外貌）相像 take away 拿开 take down 写下，记下 take in 吸收，吸纳 take off 起飞；脱下 take it easy 别紧张 take to 喜欢，开始从事 take pictures 照相 23.while conj.(1)然而(连接并列句）表对比 He is a worker while I am a doctor.(2)当.的时候，（引导时间状语从句）While I was doing my homework,my mother came in.24.succeed v 成功，达到success n 成功successful adj.成功的successfully adv 成功地 succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事25.risk ones life to do sth 某人舍命做某事 take risks 冒险 There is a risk of sth/doing sth 有（做）某事的危险 26.challenge v/n 挑战 face a challenge 面临挑战(1)challenge sb.to sth 向某人挑战 He challenged me to a race.他向我挑战赛跑。(2)challenge sb.to do sth 向某人挑战27.in the face of 面对（问题、困难等）They showed courage in the face of danger.面对危险他们表现出了勇气。28.achieve v 获得；达到；实现 achievement n 完成；成绩 achieve ones dream=ones dream comes true 实现某人的梦想29.human n 人；人类 No human could live like this.没有人能这样生活。30.force (1)n 力量；the forces of .的力量 The force of human is great.(2)v.迫使；强迫 force sb.to do sth 强迫某人做某事31.nature 不可数名词 自然界；大自然 natural adj.自然地 in nature 在自然界中Section B-Self Check1.weigh v 称的重量;重量是.weight n 重量She weighs herself every day and wants to lose weight.2.time(1)是.的几倍 主语+数词+times+as+形容词+as+被比较的内容Our new school is four times as big as the old one.(2)次数 词条是否接宾语用法achieve是主语一般为“人”come true否主语一般是“梦想；理想”一次 once 两次 twice 三次及三次以上：基数词+times three times 三次 three or four times 三到四次 many times 很多倍 last time(在)上次时 every time 每次/每回 each time 每当时 the first time 第一次时 next time(当)下次时 (3)Its time for sth.或 Its time(for sb.)to do sth.该是的时候了 Its time for dinner.该是吃晚餐的时候了。Its time for children to go to bed.是小孩睡觉的时候了。3.at birth 出生时 （用作时间状语）give birth(to sb/sth)生孩子；产仔4.up to 高达 (1)up to+数量词 达到（某数量、程度等）；至多 I can take up to four people in my car.Up to now,Tony has been very quiet.直到（现在）(2)be up to sb.由某人决定 Shall we go out or stay in?Its up to you.5.the other 其他的（指两个事物或两个人中的另一个，后接名词时，表示其他的人或物 One.The other.（两者中）一个.，另一个.the others=the other+复数名词 the other 的复数形式是 the others 其他东西，其余的人 特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。Two boys will go to the zoo,and the others will stay at home.6.preparefor 为准备(1)prepare sth.准备.，后接名词或代词作宾语。Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office.(2)prepare to do sth.准备做.They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.他们正准备过河，突然下雨了。(3)prepare for sth.为.做准备 The students are busy preparing for the final exam.学生们正在准备期末考试7.awake adj.醒来（反义词）asleep 睡着的 She was awak all night.v 唤醒；使醒来=wake up The noise awak me.8.run ran run running runner 赛跑的人 run over 撞倒；跑过去 run after 追逐,追求 run away from 从跑掉;逃避 run out(某物)被用完 run out of 用完(某物)run into 无意间碰到,和相撞 9.excite v(使)兴奋excitement n 激动；兴奋(1)excited 形容词，表示兴奋的，指人、物对.感到兴奋，是（主动地感到）兴奋的(2)exciting 形容词，表示令人兴奋的；使人激动的，指人、事、物本身让人兴奋、激动 He told us an exciting story yesterday.Are you excited about going to Beijing?(3)be excited about 对感到激动(4)to ones excitement 使某人兴奋的是10.fall 落下，跌落，降落，指在重力的作用下落下，或失去平衡而跌落The leaves fall in the autumn.fall down 跌倒强调的是滑倒、倒下，后接宾语时应加上介词 from The book fell down from the table to the floor.fall down 倒下 fall over 落在.之上,脸朝下跌倒 fall off 下降,跌落 fall over“向前摔倒、跌倒”。11.die v.（非延续性动词）死表示生命的结束 death n.死，死亡dead adj.死的 dying adj.将死的(1)be dead 死，死亡 Lucys dogs _(die)yesterday.Its_ made her sad.His grandpa _(die)for five years.(2)die from+外因 死于，主要指事故等方面的外部原因。die from a traffic accident 死于交通事故 die from a car accident 死于一场车祸(3)die of+内因 主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因 die of hunger/an illness 饿/病死 His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992.(4)die out（家族、物种等）灭绝；绝迹 Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago.恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了12.illness 疾病；病(1)ill/sick 共同点：生病的；有病的 不同点：ill adj.生病的；有病的作表语，不能作定语(2)be ill in hospital(3)sick 作表语/作定语，病人 a sick man 或 the sick,She is ill/sick in bed.她卧病在床。She is looking after her sick father.她在照顾她生病的父亲。(4)sick 恶心的；厌倦的 The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。13.spend (in)doing 花时间做某事(1)spendspentspent v 花费,主语是人 sb.+spend+时间/钱+on sth sb.+spend+时间/钱+（in）doing sthspend on=pay for 支付He spends too much time on the computer games.(2)pay paid paid v 支付，主语是人 sb.+pay+钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.(3)cost cost cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb.+钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money.(4)taketook taken v 花费It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.14.cut down 砍伐；砍倒 cut down 砍倒，减少，降低，缩短 The little boy cut down the young tree cut something from something 切下，割下 cut something away 切除，剪去 cut up 切碎 cut off 切断，停止15.less 更少的(1)less 是 little（小；少）的比较级：He spends less time(in)doing experiments.他做实验花时间较少。(2)less+形容词或副词 构成劣等比较，较不，更不 It is less cold than it was yesterday.天气不如昨天那样冷。(3)not less than+基数词表示不下于；至少；不止(4)no less than+基数词表示达.之多（言其多）There are not less than 40 students in this class.这个班级至少有 40 个学生。No less than 1,000 people were missing in the earthquake.地震中失踪人数多达一千人。16.There be+名词（短语）+ving.某处有某人或某物在做某事 There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.17.remind v 保持，仍是（系动词+adj.）Though he has been working hard,his math remains_.A.bad B.badly C.OK At the meeting,they said nothing but _quiet.A.took B make C.reminded18.another+数词 另外的,再(1)another 同类事物（三个以上）的另一个，I dont like this one,please show me another.我不喜欢这个,请给我另一个。(2)some.others 一些，另一些 Some boys are reading;others are listening to the radio.有些孩子在阅读,有些则在听收音机。(3)one.the other 表示两者里面的另一个！Ive bought two sweaters.One is for you and the other is for my brother.(4)other+复数名词 Where are the other students?其他同学在哪里?19.there be 句型的将来时 There willl be There is going to be20.比较级+and+比较级 越来越 richer and richer become more beautiful and beautiful 21.基数词 用来表示数量的词叫做基数词1 数字的写法和读法见下表：1 911 1910 90（整十基数词）21 99（非整十基数词）one 1eleven 11ten 10twenty-one 21two 2twelve 12twenty 20twenty two 22three 3thirteen 13thirty 30thirty three 33four 4fourteen 14forty 40forty-four 44five 5fifteen 15fifty 50fifty-five 55six 6sixteen 16sixty 60sixty-six 66seven 7seventeen 17seventy 70seventy-seven 77eight 8eighteen 18eighty 80eighty eighty 88nine 9nineteen 19ninety 90ninety-nine 99(1)112 是独立单词，需要逐个记忆(2)1319 的数字借以-teen 结尾。其中 thirteen，fifteen,eighteen 变化不规则(3)2090 的整十数皆以-ty 结尾。其中 twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty 变化不规则(4)2199 之间的非整十基数词，在十位与个位之间加连字符“-”，twenty one ninety nine22.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化(1).一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest(2)以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加 r 或 st，nice-nicer-nicest(3)以辅音字母+y 结尾的词，把 y 变为 i，再加 er 或 est，heavy-heavier-heaviest(4)重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加 er 或 est，big-bigger-biggest 大大,红红,湿湿,热热,悲悲,瘦瘦,胖胖.双写末辅再变级双写末辅再变级.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat）(5)部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加 more 构成比较级和 most 构成最高级，beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful【注】表示否定意义在其前加 less/least important-less important-least important English is more interesting than Chinese=Chinese is less interesting than English.(6)由“形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加 more/most slowly-more slowly-most slowly；但 earlyearlier-earliest 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold/elderold/eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther(距离)/further（程度）farthest /furthest注:形容词,副词同形有:back,high,well,fast,early,late,straight