PEP小学六年级英语下册知识点(2).pdf

1PEP 小学英语六年级下册知识点Unit 1 How tall are you?一、词汇 tall -taller 高的-更高的 than 比 short-shorter 矮的/短的-更矮的/更短的 cm 厘米 long -longer 长的-更长的 meter 米 形容词 strong-stronger 强壮的-更强壮的 ton 吨 adj.old -older 老的/旧的-更老的/更旧的 size 号码 young-younger 年轻的-更年轻的 feet 脚 small-smaller 小的-更小的 think 想 wear 穿 辅+元+辅-双写最后一个辅音字母+er others even 甚至 big-bigger 大的-更大的 tail 尾巴 thin-thinner 瘦的-更瘦的 little 小的 fat-fatter 胖的-更胖的 lobster 龙虾 shark 鲨鱼 辅音字母+y-改 y 为 i+er deep 深的 happy-happier 开心的-更开心的 seal 海豹 heavy-heavier 重的-更重的 squid 鱿鱼 funny-funnier 滑稽的-更滑稽的 sperm whale 抹香鲸 killer whale 虎鲸二、重点句型 问年龄，身高，体重等 How old are you?How tall are you?How heavy are you?-Im _(years old).-Im _ cm tall.-Im _ kg.问物品的情况：How large is your room?你的房间有多大？Its _ m2(square meters.)有_ 平方米。How long is your bed?你的床有多长？Its _cm long.有_厘米长。How big are your feet?你的脚有多长？I wear size _.我穿_码的鞋。形容谁比谁更 am be is (even/much)er than are e.g.I am taller than you.我比你高。I am 4 cm taller than your brother.我比你弟弟高 4cm.I am taller and stronger than your brother.我比你的弟弟更高更壮。Jack is even stronger than his father.Jack 甚至比他爸爸还壮。Zhang Peng and John are much younger than Mr.Green.张鹏和 John 比 Mr.Green 要年轻多了。有用的句型：1.Which monkey do you like?你喜欢哪一只猴子？I like the yellow one.我喜欢黄色的那只。2.I think the little monkey is only 40 cm tall.我想那只小猴只有 40cm 高。3.Its tail is about 38 cm long.它的尾巴约有 38cm.4.A sperm whale is _ than a killer whale in its length.2Unit 2 Whats the matter,Mike?一、词汇：have a fever（发烧）tired（疲劳的）have a cold （感冒）excited（兴奋得）have a sore throat（喉咙痛）angry（生气的）表示身体 have a toothache（牙痛）表示情绪 sad （悲伤的）不适的 have a headache（头痛）心情 happy（高兴得）hurt（疼痛）bored（无聊的）sore（疼得）其他：feel（感觉）sick（有病的）nose（鼻子）know（知道）worry（担心）medicine（药）drink（喝）stay（在，逗留）better（更好的）soon（立刻，不久）trip（旅行）fail（失败）pass（传递）二、句型：1 A：Whats the matter?你怎么啦？B:I have a toothache.我牙痛。2 A:How do you feel?你感觉怎样？B：I feel sick.我觉得不舒服。3 A：How does she/he feel?她/他感觉如何？B：She/He is tired.她/他累了。4 You look so happy.你看起来如此高兴。5 A：I failed the math test.我数学考试失败了。B：Im sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。6 How are you?You look so excited.你怎么了？你看起来很兴奋。7 If you have a fever,you might have athe flu.如果你发烧，你可能得了流感。8 Dont worry!If you are sick,see the doctor.不要担心！如果你病了，去看医生。9 Take some medicine and drink hot drinks.吃些药和热饮料。10 Stay in bed for a few days.You will feel better soon.卧床休息几天，你很快就会好起来。Unit 3 Last Weekend一 词汇watch(watched)看 wash(washed)洗 clean(cleaned)打扫 play(played)玩 visit(visited)看望 do（did）助动词/做 cook(cooked)做饭 go(went)去go swimming(went swimming)去游泳 read(read)阅读 go fishing(went fishing)去钓鱼 3go hiking(went hiking)去郊游 study(studied)学习 fly(flew)飞 return(returned)送回，归还 swim(swam)游泳 last 上一个 weekend 周末 to 朝，向 park 公园 yesterday(昨天)二 句型 1 询问在过去的某一个时间做了什么,借助助动词 did 特殊疑问句 What did you do yesterday/last weekend?I did my homework.一般疑问句，把 did 提前 Did you help your parents clean the room?(当句子变为一般疑问句，动词应还原)Yes,I did./No,I didnt.标牌警示语No fishing here!此处禁止钓鱼！No swimming here!此处禁止游泳！No dogs pooing here!此处禁止狗大便！No dogs peeing here!此处禁止狗小便！三 语法 当一个动作是在过去的某一个时间发生时，动词则要用过去式，如句子中有 yesterday,last week,last weekend,last yesterday,last Sunday 等这样表示过去时间的词时，就要用一般过去时态。动词的过去式构成规则：1 一般动词在词尾加上 ed。如：work worked,wash washed play-played 2 以 e 结尾的动词在词尾加上 e.如：use-used live-lived 3 以辅音字母和 y 结尾的动词改 y 为 i,再加上 ed.如：study-studied,empty-emptied 4 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写最后的辅音字母，再加 ed 如：stop stopped 5 不规则变化。（注：除去不规则变化动词，其他动词都是规则变化）swim-swam 游泳 fly-flew 飞 run-run 跑 eat-ate 吃 sleep-slept 睡觉 have-had 有 buy-bought 买 take-took 拿 teach-taught 教 go-went 去 sing-sang 唱歌 do-did 做 read-read 读书 sweep-swept 打扫 make-made 制作 set-set do-did 做 get-get 得到，到达 draw-drew 画画 drink-drank 喝 write-wrote 写 ride-rode 骑 put-put 放 tell-told 告诉 send-sent 发送 feel-felt 感觉 think-thought 想 meet-met 见面 fall-fell 落下 wake-woke 醒来Unit 4 My holiday不规则动词过去式:sing sang 唱 eat ate 吃 go went 去take took 拍（照）have had 有;吃 leave left 离开buy bought 买 see saw 看见 get got 到达learn/learned Chinese 学中文 take/took pictures 拍照4climb/climbed a mountain 爬山 sing and dance/sang and danced 唱歌跳舞buy/bought presents 买礼物 row/rowed a boat 划船see/saw elephants 看大象 go/went skiing 去滑雪go/went ice-skating 去滑冰cousin 堂兄弟;堂姐妹工作 Ill=I will miss 想念 relax 放松 prepare 准备 二、句型:问过去发生的动作要借助动词 did,特殊疑问句为句型是:疑问词+did+主语+V 原形+其它?Where did you go on your holiday?假期你去了哪里?I went to Xinjiang.我去了新疆.What did you do on your holiday?你假期干了什么?I sang and danced.我即唱了歌又跳了舞.How did you go there?你怎样去的?I went by train.我坐火车去的.When did you go?你什么时候去的?I went last Monday.我上周一去的.It was a long holiday.这是一个长的假期.For the last day of the holiday,we relaxed and prepared to go back to work or school.Recycle 2 A Farewell Party一重点短语：have a ferewell party 开毕业告别会 sing songs 唱歌 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the erhu 拉二胡 do Chinese kung fu 表演中国功夫 say hello/goodbye to sb.向某人问好/告别 invite sb.to 邀请某人二重点句子：1 It is the end of the school year.这是学期末。2 Would you like to perform at the party?你们想在晚会上表演什么呢?3 Let me see.让我想一想。4 Lets invite your parents to the party.让我们邀请你们的父母来晚会。5 The ferewell party will be on June 20th.毕业会将在六月二十号。6 I dont want to say goodbye to my friends.我不想给我的朋友告别。7 Its time to say goodbye to China.到了该与中国到别的时间了。8 I hope you will get better soon.我希望你很快就会好起来。9 We will give you a surprise.我们将给你一个惊喜。10.I feel much better.我感到好多了。11.I hope you like it.我希望你喜欢。12.This is a book about panda.这是一本关于熊猫的书。5PEP 小学六年级下册英语复习资料第一单元How Tall Are You?一、单词young younger 更年轻的 old-older 更年长的tall-taller 更高的 short-shorter 更矮的 long-longer 更长的thin-thinner 更瘦的 heavy-heavier 更重的 big-bigger 更大的 small-smaller 更小的 strong-stronger 更强壮的二、句子二、句子1.Thats the tallest dinosaur in this hall.那是这个厅里最高的恐龙。2.Youre older than me.你比我大。3.How tall are you？你有多高？Im 1.65 meters.我身高 1.65 米。4.What size are your shoes?你穿多大号的鞋。My shoes are size37.我穿 37 号的鞋。5.Your feet are bigger than mine.你的脚比我的大。6.How heavy are you?你有多重？Im 48 kilograms.我体重 48 公斤。三、语法复习要点三、语法复习要点1.如何询句并表达某人的身高或体重等。如何询句并表达某人的身高或体重等。问句：问句：How+形容词（形容词（tall,heavy.）+be 动词动词 +主语？主语？答答句句：主主语语+be 动动词词 +数数字字 +计计量量单单位位（metres 米米,kilograms 千克千克,tom 吨吨.（+形形容容词词 tall,heavy）注意：(1)be 动词随主语的变化而变化(2)当计量单位前面的数字大于 1 时，计量单位用复数，当计量单位前面的数字小于或等于 1 时，计量单位用复数。(3)当计量单位为缩写时(metre 为 m,kilogram 为 kg)，不管前面的数字是大于、小于还是等于 1，后面都不能加 S例句：How heavy are you?Im 45 kilograms How tall is she?She is 1.5 metres tall（tall 可省略）2.询问对方穿多大码的鞋子询问对方穿多大码的鞋子问句：问句：What size are your shoes?答句：答句：I wear size+数字数字(+shoes).或或 Size+数字数字.例句：What size are your shoes?I wear size 35 shoes。3.形容词比较级句型结构形容词比较级句型结构A+be 动词动词(am,is,are)（+数字数字 +计量单位）计量单位）+形容词比较级形容词比较级 +than（比）（比）+B如：Im taller and heavier than you.（我比你更高和更重。）An elephant is bigger than a tiger.（一只大象比一只老虎更大。）He is 2 years older than me.(他比我大 2 岁)注意：注意：than 后面的人称代词用宾格形式后面的人称代词用宾格形式。6形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的，它的变化规则是：形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的，它的变化规则是：(1)一般的直接在词尾加 er，如 tall-taller,strong-stronger,(2)以 e 结尾的，直接加 r，如 fine finer,(3)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，先改 y 为 i 再加 er，如 funny-funnier(4)以重读闭音节重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加 er，如 big bigger,thin thinner,hot hotter注意：注意：比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误：My hair is longer than you.（我的头发比你更长。）比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人，那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为：My hair is longer than yours.或 My hair is longer than your hair.4.形容词比较级和最高级的变形规则形容词比较级和最高级的变形规则(1)一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow 结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；单音节词如：smallsmallersmalles t shortshortershortest talltallertallest双音节词如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest(2)以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest(3)在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottestfatfatterfattest(4)以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词，把y 改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiesthappyhappierhappiest(5)其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加 more，最高级在前面加 most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful differentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easily注意：形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.例句：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词 most 前面没有 the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示非常.It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.如：goodbetterbest wellbetterbestbadworseworst illworseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast farfurther/farther furthest/farthest5.Some 一一些些，若若干干。可可作作限限定定词词、代代词词。例句：I want some pencils.(作限定词)7There are some in the box.(作代词，代指一些东西)注意：注意：当当 some 作限定词时一般用于肯定句中，当含有作限定词时一般用于肯定句中，当含有 some 的肯定句变成否定句时，的肯定句变成否定句时，some 通常要变通常要变成成 any.例句：There are some flowers there There arent any flowers there.但但在在表表示示建建议议、请请求求或或希希望望得得到到对对方方肯肯定定回回答答的的疑疑问问句句中中也也要要用用 some.例句：Can I have some apples?Yes,please.6.一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时基本用法介绍(1)表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。(2)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。(3)表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。(4)一般现在时的构成一般现在时的构成(1)be 动词：主语主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。(2)行为动词：主语主语+行为动词行为动词(+其它其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加时，要在动词后加-s或或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化一般现在时的变化(1)be 动词的变化。否定句：主语主语 +be+not+其它其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语主语 +其它？其它？如：-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词 +一般疑问句？一般疑问句？如：Where is my bike?(2)行为动词的变化。否定句：主语主语 +dont(doesnt)+动词原形动词原形 (+其它其它 )。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt 构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语主语 +动词原形动词原形 +其它。其它。如：-Do you often play football?-Yes,I do./No,I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如：-Does she go to work by bike?-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词 +一般疑问句。一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?动词动词+s(第三人称单数第三人称单数)的变化规则的变化规则(1)一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks(2)以 s.x.sh.ch.o 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es，如：study-studies第二单元第二单元8一、单词一、单词clean 打扫-cleaned（clean 的过去式）打扫stay 停留-stayed（stay 的过去式）停留wash 洗 washed 洗watch 看 watched 看have 患病 had 患病sleep 睡觉slept 睡觉read 读 read 读see 看见saw 看见last 上一个的yesterday 昨天before 在之前二、短语二、短语clean my room 打扫我的房间wash my clothes 洗衣服 stay at home 呆在家里watch TV 看电视 go boating 划船 read a book 读书 see a film 看电影have a cold 感冒 sleep 睡觉（过去式 slept）climb a mountain 爬山cooked dinner 做饭cook noodles 面条三、句子三、句子1.How was your weekend?你周末过得怎么样？2.It was good/fine/ok,thank you.很好，谢谢！3.What did you do last weekend?你上个周末干了什么？4.I stayed at home with your grandma.我和你奶奶呆在家里.（with 和谁）5.Did you do anything else?你还做了其他什么事吗？6.Yes,I cleaned my room and washed my clothes.是的，我扫了房间，还洗了衣服。7.I want to buy the new film magazine.我想买期新的电影杂志。8.Did you see a film?你看电影了吗？No,I didnt.I had a cold.I stayed at home all weekend and slept.没有，我感冒了。整个周末都呆在家里睡觉。(肯定回答 Yes,I did.)四、语法复习要点四、语法复习要点1.Play football 踢足球Play 后接球类名词时，意为玩，打，踢。球类名词前不加冠词。Play basketball,Play volleyball,Play 后接乐器名词时，意为演奏，吹，弹。乐器名词前要加定冠词 the。Play the druml,Play the piano,2.名词所有格(1)名词名词+s 构成所有格构成所有格，常用来表示有生命的人或事物的所属关系。例句：It is my fathers car.This is Jims brother.(2)of+名名词词 构构成成所所有有格格，通常表示无生命事物的所有格。例句：The windows of the house are blue.This is a map of China.3.所有格构成规则：(1)单单数数名名词词或或不不以以 S 结尾的复数名词在词尾加结尾的复数名词在词尾加s.Womens Day,my sisters book9(2)以以 S 结尾的复数名词在词尾加结尾的复数名词在词尾加.Teathers Day.4Want 作动词意为“想要”常见用法如下：want+名名 词词 /代词代词想要某物I want this book.want+名词名词 /代词代词 +to do sth.想要做某事I want to read this bookwant+名词名词 /代词代词 +sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事I want her to read this book 5一般过去时(1)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常常和和表表示示过过去去的的时时间间状状语语连连用用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。(2)Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was（was not=wasnt）are 在一般过去时中变为 were。（were not=werent）带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is,am,are 一样，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。6.一般过去时的否定句含含 be 动词否定句动词否定句：主语主语 +was/were+not+其他其他She was at school this morning.She wasnt at school this morning.含实义动词否定句含实义动词否定句：主语主语 +didnt+动词原形动词原形 +其他其他Jim went home yesterday.Jim didnt go home yesterday.7.一般过去时的一般疑问句一般过去时的一般疑问句含含 be 动词一般疑问句动词一般疑问句：was/were+主语主语+其他？其他？把 was 或 were 调到句首-Were you at school last night?-Yes.I were./No,I werent.含实义动词一般疑问句含实义动词一般疑问句：Did+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他？其他？在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：(1)疑问词疑问词+did+主语主语+动词原形？动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?(2)疑问词当主语时：疑问词疑问词+动词过去式？动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?8.动词过去式变化规则：动词过去式变化规则：(1)一般在动词末尾加一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cookedclean-cleanedcook-cookedstay-stayed,(2)结尾是结尾是e 加加d，如：taste-tastedlive-livedlike-liked(3)末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应应双双写写末末尾尾的的辅辅音音字字母母，再再加加-ed，如：stop-stopped(4)以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的，变结尾的，变y 为为i，再加再加-ed，如：study-studiedcry-cried(5)不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。run-runeat-atesleep-sleptfall-fell10have-hadbuy-boughttake-took teach-taught go-wentsing-sangdo-didread-read sweep-sweptmake-madeset-setcome-came,get-getdraw-drewdrink-drankwrite-wrote ride-rodeput-puttell-toldsend-sent feel-feltthink-thoughtmeet-metgive-gave句型专项归类句型专项归类1、肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：Im a student.She is a doctor.He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom.He will eat lunch at 12:00.I watched TV yesterday evening.2、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：Im not a student.She is not(isnt)a doctor.He does not(doesnt)work in a hospital.There are not(arent)four fans in our classroom.He will not(wont)eat lunch at 12:00.I did not(didnt)watch TV yesterday evening.注意：小结：否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词“not”。有动词 be 的句子则“not”加在 be 后面，可缩写成“isnt，arent”，但 am not 一般都分开写。没有动词 be 的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词（do，does，did，然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“dont,doesnt,didnt 。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择，其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“did”只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用“did”。3、一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。如：Are you a student?Yes,I am/No,Im not.Is she a doctor?Yes,she is./No,she isnt.Does he work in a hospital?Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.Are there four fans in our classroom?Yes,there are./No,there arent.Are you going to buy a comic book tonight?Yes,I am./No,I am not.(Yes,we are./No,we arent.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00?Yes,I will./No,I will not(wont).Are they swimming?Yes,they are./No,they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday evening?Yes,I did./No,I didnt.注意：小结：一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上，把动词 be 调到首位，其他照写，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。没有动词 be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词（do，does，did）再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择，其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“did”只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用“did”。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和11答要一致，即问句里的第一个单词（助动词）和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4、特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词（what,where,who,which,when,whose,why,how 等）开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes、no”来回答。如：What is this?Its a computer.What does he do?Hes a doctor.Where are you going?Im going to Beijing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?Mike.Which season do you like best?Summer.When do you usually get up?I usually get up at 6:30.Whose skirt is this?Its Amys.Why do you like spring best?Because I can plant trees.How are you?Im fine./Im happy.How did you go to Xinjiang?I went to Xinjiang by train.人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数I（我）memy（我的）mine（我的）第一人称复数we（我们）usour（我们的）ours（我们的）单数you（你）youyour（你的）yours（你的）第二人称复数you（你们）youyour（你们的）yours（你们的）he（他）himhis（他的）his（他的）she（她）herher（她的）hers（她的）单数it（它）itits（它的）its（它的）第三人称复数they（他们/她们/它们）themTheir（他们的/她们的/它们的）Theirs（他们的/她们的/它们的）注意：名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词，名词，mine=my hair第三单元第三单元一、单词一、单词 (用的过去式用的过去式 )go 去-went 去fish 钓鱼ride 骑-rode 骑hurt 受伤-hurt 受伤eat 吃-ate 吃take-tookbuy 买-boughtgo camping 野 营-went camping野营go fishing 去钓鱼-went fishing 去钓鱼take pictures 照 相-took pictures 照相buy gifts 买礼物-bought gifts 买礼物二、短语二、短语ride a horse 骑 马-rode a horse 骑马ride a bike 骑自行车-rode a bike 12骑自行车hurt my foot-hurt my foot 我的脚受伤eat fresh food-ate fresh food 吃新鲜食物far from 远离look l