预防流感1.ppt

Speaker:ChenjiaMaker:XuebeiZhaoyanlingWangXiqi.Content1What Is the Flu?2Flu Symptoms3How Flu Works?4Types of Flu5Prevention.What Is the Flu?FirstdefinitionFluisalsocalledtheinfluenza.Itsaninfectionthatcausesafever,chills,cough,bodyaches,headaches,andsometimesearachesorsinusproblems.What Is the Flu?SeconddefinitionThefluisarespiratoryillnesscausedbytheinfluenzavirus.Thefluisnotthesameasacold,althoughtheysharemanyofthesamesymptoms.Thecoldiscausedbyadifferentvirus,andittendstohavemildersymptomsthantheflu.Coldsarealsolesslikelytocauseseriouscomplications.Flu Symptoms1、Cough2、Sorethroat(喉咙痛)3、Headaches4、Muscleorbodyaches5、Feverorfeelingfeverish/chills（发烧或感觉发热/寒战）6、Runnyorstuffynose（流鼻涕、鼻塞）7、Fatigue(tiredness)8、Somepeoplemayhavevomitinganddiarrhea.Flu SymptomsTheflualsoweakenstheimmunesystem,leavingitvulnerabletomoreseriousinfections.High-riskindividualsinparticulararesusceptibletoseriouscomplications.suchas:Bacterialpneumonia(细菌性肺炎)Dehydration(脱水)Sinusproblemsandearinfections(primarilyinchildren)窦问题和耳部感染（主要是儿童）Worseningofpreexistingconditions,suchasasthmaordiabetes（哮喘或糖尿病）.How Flu Works1.Thevirusenterstherespiratorytract.（呼吸道）2.Afterenteringtherespiratorytract,thevirusstartstoreplicateitself.Therespiratorytractbecomesswollenandinflamed.3.Onceinsidetherespiratorysystem,thevirusentersthebloodstream.thefirstsymptoms(cough)begintoshow.Flu and the Common ColdThefluandthecommoncoldhavesimilarsymptoms.Itcanbedifficulttotellthedifferencebetweenthem.Ingeneral,thefluisworsethanthecommoncold,theflutendstobemoresevereandusuallycomesonsuddenly,attimesitcanleadtodeath.Learningwhetheritisacoldorfluisimportantbecausetheflucanhaveseriouscomplicationssuchaspneumonia（急性肺炎）orevendeath.Treatingfluwithin48hoursofsymptomsisbest.Prescriptionantiviraldrugsmaycutthetimeyouresick.Types of FluTherearethreetypesoffluviruses:A,B,andC.InfluenzaAcaninfectarangeofmammalsandbirdsaswellashumans,whiletypesBandCinfectmainlyhumans.H1N1 Influenza(Swine Flu)H1N1influenzaisatypeofinfluenzaA.Itisknownasswineflubecauseitprimarilyinfectspigs.Transmissiontohumansisuncommon,butitcanoccurifhumanscomeintocontactwithinfectedpigsorwithenvironmentscontaminatedbythevirus.Aninfectedhumancanthenspreadthediseasetootherhumans.Althoughitalsocirculatesinpigs,youcannotgetitbyeatingproperlyhandledandcookedporkorporkproducts.ThebestwaytopreventtheH1N1fluistogettheseasonalfluvaccine.Youshouldalsofollowouradvisetokeepyourselfhealthyduringfluseason.H1N1 Influenza(Swine Flu).H5N1 Bird FluTheavianinfluenzavirus,orbirdflu,occursnaturallyinwildbirds,butdoesnotmakethemsick.Becausethevirusisverycontagiousamongbirds,avianinfluenzaviruscanbedeadlyiftransmittedtodomesticatedbirds.HumaninfectionsarecausedbytransmissionoftheInfluenzaAvirusfrominfectedbirdstohumans.H5N1 Bird FluAlthoughH5N1doesnotusuallyinfecthumans,nearly650casesofhumancasesofH5N1havebeenreportedfrom15countriessince2003.FeverandcoughAcuterespiratorydistressShortnessofbreath/difficultybreathingAbdominalpainDiarrheaSymptoms.How can we prevent highly pathogenic H5N1 virus infection?Thebestwaytopreventinfectionistoavoidanycontactwithsickordeadpoultry.ThisincludesavoidingvisitinglivepoultrymarketsthatmaybeinfectedwithH5N1whentraveling.AlsoavoidsickpeoplewhomighthaveH5N1virusinfectioninaffectedcountries.H7N9isanewtypeofbirdflu,avianfludiscoveredinShanghaiandanhuifirstattheendofmarchin2013.FightingAgainstH7N9BirdFluwehadsuccessfullydevelopedthevaccinefortheH7N9birdfluvirus,aftertheflustrainhadleftmorethan130peopleinfected,with45fatalitiesreported.Vaccinationisthebestwaytoprotectyourselffromtheflu.Thereareadditionalstepsyoucantaketokeepyourselfandyourfamilyhealthythisfluseason.Prevention.VACCINATEDEveryone6monthsofageandoldershouldgetvaccinatedagainsttheflu.TAKEPRECAUTIONSTakeeverydayprecautions,likewashingyourhands,toprotectyourhealth.ANTIVIRALMEDICATIONSIfyouareexposedtoorcaringforsomeonewiththeflu,talktoyourdoctoraboutpreventiveantiviralmedications.Prevention.Therearestepsyoucantakeinyourdailylifetohelpprotectyoufromgettingtheflu.1.Washyourhandsoftenwithsoapandwateroranalcohol-basedhandrub.2.Avoidtouchingyoureyes,nose,ormouth.Germsspreadthisway.3.Trytoavoidclosecontactwithsickpeople.Prevention.5.Practicegoodhealthhabits.Getplentyofsleepandexercise,manageyourstress,drinkplentyoffluids,andeathealthyfood.4.Coveryournoseandmouthwithatissuewhenyoucoughorsneeze.Throwthetissueinthetrashafteryouuseit.Prevention.