新目标英语八年级下-现在完成时的教案及练习.doc

现在完成时态-练习资料 我们先来翻译几个句子：1 你已经问过这个问题两遍了，别再烦我了。 2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。 3 你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。 4 你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。 5 你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。基本定义：现在完成时有两种用法1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作。2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态。句型转换1. I have been to Macau before. （改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before2. Li Ming has already finished his homework.（改为一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答） _ Li Ming _ finished his homework yet? 3.They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here?句型构成：基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）.否定句：主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他将一般过去时的句子改写为现在完成时的句子。1. My father bought many books for me yesterday .Now , I have a lot to read because _2. I saw this film last week.Now, I know this film because I_.3. I did my homework yesterday.Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_用法一一 表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）例如I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿)Has he had his breakfast? Yes, he has.体会时间状语： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not e yet. 二.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just (谓语动词之前) （刚刚）， already（已经(肯定句) ）, before（之前）, yet（一般疑问(句末）,已经；否定句：还） never（从不）, ever (疑问句) twice（两次）,recently(近来）等状语连用，可以和瞬间动词和持续性动词连用,请先圈出时间状语，再用词的适当形式填空1. I _(have) lunch already.2. the train_ (arrive) yet?3.Tom _ never_ (be ) to China.4. The twin _ just _(see) my father.5. The twins _(see) my father just now.6._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.7._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.8._ he _(see) this film yet? No. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it tomorrow. 9. How many times _ you _(e) here? Once. 用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。A 动词使用延续性动词。B 和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与for或since引导的时间连用，so far, up to/till now到目前为止, in the last/past+一段时间，all ones life某人的一生中, by now, these days目前，for two years、since 1984、since he came here I havent seen her these days.She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?一、注意：(1)since一段时间agofor时间段; since two weeks ago=for two weeks;I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. (2)since + 时间点for时间段since 2000=for 13 years(3) since+从句(常用一般过去时)The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris(4)It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 二、用for 或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland_Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country_1974.6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting_20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill_a long time. He has been in hospital _October9. Its ten years _ we met each other last time. 10. He has taught English _ 25 years. 11. The Greens have lived on the farm _ 1990. 12. They have been practicing the guitar _ two hours. 13.How long have you been a reporter? _ 8 years ago. 14. I havent gone for a walk in the park _ a long time. 15. Hes been collecting stamps _ he was in primary school. 16. Peter has been to summer camp _ 3 times. 根据上面的学习，我们可以总结下动词的过去分词的变化规律一、规则变化在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed 如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加d 如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如：stoppeddropped二、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律AAA: put put put letlet letABA: beebecamebeeABB: standstoodstoodABC: eat ateeaten 用法三：（难点）非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用。为了表述意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。 He joined the Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了。 The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began一、三类型：第一类：动词 be + adj. : Die，finish ，open/close，fall ill/asleep， marry sb/get married to第二类：动词 be + 介词.: start/begin，leave，Join，第三类：动词另一个动词 : Buy，Borrow，get/begin to延续性v，.Bee，put on二、巧记瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束1 beginbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in3 gobe off8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 ebe here10 arrivebe here10 reachbe here11put onwearFall asleep Be asleep13catch a coldhave a cold14openbe open15closebe closed三/短暂性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / e / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .2)They came here last week. They here since _. e to / go back to / return to be back to go out be outHe came out two years ago.He _ for _.2) We returned to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. bee beI became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for_.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be openThe shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up; die be dead; leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep ; finish / end be over ;marry be married;1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _ for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _ since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ; begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep; lose not have ;buy have ;put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold; get to know know1) They borrowed it last week. They _ it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3) I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ a _ for _ _.常考考点have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空 Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . What about your sister，Lily？ Oh，she Chengdu，she will e back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre wele.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调现在的情况，而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。和现在不发生关系。试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1. Mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange.4. We _already _ (return) the book.5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?6. -Has Tom taught you English?-Yes, he _ (teach) us English for two years.7. I _(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me?8. What _ they _ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them.9. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know?- Sorry, I dont know.10. My father _ (read) the novel twice.11. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year.12. The students _(study) in the middle school since last month.13. How long _ you _(know) him?14. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.15. I _(give) my friend a nice book recently.16. Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see) the old man three times.17. _ she ever _(teach) you English?18. These children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.综合练习（家庭作业）：一、完成句子1.A：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？ B:自从我上中学以来。A：How long _ you _ _ shells?B：_ I _ to middle school.2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。I _ _ _ _ 5 hours.3.A:这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗?B:不,去年我参加过。A: Was this your _ _ _?B: No，I _ in a _ last year.4.A:你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋？ B: 3年前。A: When did you _ your first _ _ _?B: Three years ago.5. A:他游泳有多长时间了？ B: 他已游了半小时了。A: How long _ he _ _ ?B: He _ _ _ _ half an hour.6. 你上网多久了?7. 我上网三小时了。8. 你什么时候开始集邮的？9. 我五年前开始集邮的。10. 他收集贝壳十年了。6. 你上网多久了?7. 我上网三小时了。8. 你什么时候开始集邮的？9. 我五年前开始集邮的。10. 他收集贝壳十年了。 二、改写句子：1His father died two years ago. His father _ _ _ for two years.2. He has been in the army for three years._ _ three years since he _ the army.3. I began to study at this school five years ago. I _ _ at this school _ five years.4. Have you ever visited Beijing? Have you ever _ _ _ ?5. I am a teacher. I became a teacher five years ago.I _ _ _ _ for five years.I _ _ _ _ _ five years ago.6. I bought the car five years ago. I _ _ the car for five years.7. I have borrowed a new book from the school library.I _ _ a new book from the school library for two days.8. The boy has e back. The boy _ _ _ for an hour.