中国瓷器介绍-英文版.ppt

瓷器ChinaChina is the hometown of china.The invention of china is a great contribution to world civilization.In English,china means porcelain（瓷器）（瓷器）.History of developmentPrimitive-celadon appeared in the Shang Dynasty,then from the Western Zhou Dynasty,the Warring States to the Eastern Han Dynasty,through the 1600 years change and development,porcelain firing technology had been improved gradually.TheDevelopmentofPorcelainAround the 16th century BC in Shang Dynasty,the early Chinese porcelain appeared.As it was still rough on the firing process,it can be only called proto-porcelain(原始瓷原始瓷).proto-porcelainHanDynastyAfter long-term improvements,in 2 century the After long-term improvements,in 2 century the end of the Han Dynasty,the mature celadon was end of the Han Dynasty,the mature celadon was created,created,in the history of our countrys pottery it in the history of our countrys pottery it was an important milestonewas an important milestone.Jin and southern and Jin and southern and northern dynastiesnorthern dynastiesTo Jin,original porcelain had been eliminated,at the same time color porcelain appeared.The period also appeared black porcelain.BlackporcelainWhite porcelainWhite porcelainSongDynastyTotheSongDynasty,porcelainkilnshavebeenoverhalfofChinese,isthemostprosperousperiodforporcelain.ThenJunkiln,Gekiln,Rukiln,GuankilnandtheDingkilnandknownasthefivefamouskilns.FromRukilnFromGuankilnFromDingkilnFromJunkilnSongDynastyisthehighestaesthetic（美（美学的）学的）eraofporcelain.YuanDynastyisChineseporcelainproductionturningperiod,innovationanddevelopmentinmanyways.TheblueandwhiteporcelainbecamethemainstreamofJingdezhenporcelainproduction.Yuan DynastyYuan DynastyMingDynastySuccessfullyfiringtheexquisite（精致的）（精致的）whiteglazeporcelainandthesingle-glazeporcelainwithcopper（铜铜）asthecoloringagent（色（色剂剂）,madetheMingDynastyporcelaincolorful.Theporcelaintechnologycontinuedtoimprove.QingDynastyisthemostprosperousperiodChinaporcelainproduction,thequantityandqualityofporcelainproductionreachedapeak.Anewkindofporcelainhadappeared,whichcalledenamel(珐珐琅器琅器).QingDynastyBlueandwhiteporcelain（青花瓷）（青花瓷）Colorglazeporcelain（颜色釉瓷）（颜色釉瓷）FamilleRosePorcelain（粉彩瓷）（粉彩瓷）Glowingporcelain（玲珑瓷）（玲珑瓷）BlueandwhiteporcelainBlueandwhiteporcelainiselegant,noble,andpure,suchastheMillenniumbasket,withitsstrongvitalityandceramicart,becometheperfectcombinationofmodernandtraditional.青花瓷创烧于元代，是以色料在坯胎上描绘纹样，青花瓷创烧于元代，是以色料在坯胎上描绘纹样，施釉后经高温烧成，釉色晶莹、雅致。青料溶于胎釉施釉后经高温烧成，釉色晶莹、雅致。青料溶于胎釉之间，发色青翠，虽色相单一，但感觉丰富。青花瓷之间，发色青翠，虽色相单一，但感觉丰富。青花瓷经久耐用，瓷不碎，色不褪。经久耐用，瓷不碎，色不褪。Blue and white porcelain was first appeared in the Yuan Dynasty.It was formed by using pigment to depict patterns on the green body and firing at high temperature after glazing.The glazing color is glittering and elegant.The green pigment dissolve in green body,showing a verdant color.Although it has single hue,it still gives people rich feeling.Blue and white porcelain is durable。it will not fade until brokenThemostexpensiveblueandwhiteporcelain！InJuly12,2005,ChristiesauctioninLondon,theYuanDynastyGuiguziblueandwhiteporcelainpotmake14000000pounds,equivalenttoabout230000000yuan,itisthehighestrecordintheworldofChineseartauctionrecord.2005年年7月月12日，在日，在伦伦敦佳士德拍敦佳士德拍卖卖会上，会上，元代元代“鬼谷子下山鬼谷子下山图图”青花瓷罐以青花瓷罐以1400万万英英镑镑拍出，折合人民拍出，折合人民币约币约2.3亿亿元，元，创创下下了中国了中国艺术艺术品在世界上的最高拍品在世界上的最高拍卖纪录卖纪录。ColorglazeporcelainAncientChinesecraftsmenaddingdifferentmetaloxidesintheglaze,atdifferenttemperaturesandflame,glazewillshowdifferentcolor,toformtherichandcolorfulcolorglazeFamilleRosePorcelainalsocalledsoftporcelain,thefamilleroseasthemaindecorationofFamilleroseporcelain.FamilleRosePorcelainQingEmperorYongzheng清雍正柠檬黄地洋彩浮雕花鸟宝瓶纹清雍正柠檬黄地洋彩浮雕花鸟宝瓶纹六方瓶六方瓶Poly2009SpringRMB:AuctionPrice67，760，000QingEmperorQianlong清乾隆粉彩七珍象清乾隆粉彩七珍象马马Poly2009SpringPrice:AuctionRMB403,200QingEmperorDaoguang黄地粉彩花卉碗黄地粉彩花卉碗Poly2009SpringAuctionPriceRMB:224,000Craftsmencarveoutmanyregular“delicateeyes“intheporcelainbody,andthenfiretheseholeswiththeglazeintothebrighthole,verybeautiful,knownascardglassware.GlowingporcelainChinese ceramics of the Song Dynasty constitute theforemostexpressionofceramicart.DuringtheSongperiod,aunity of the essential components fundamental to the art:vessel shape,potting techniques,glaze,decoration,firingprocesses,andaesthetictheorywereallcombinedinahighstandardofexcellence.whichledtoavarietyofclassicwares,usually associated with a specific region of China.Theseincludedthecourt-patronizedfivefamouskilns:Ru(汝),Guan(官),Ge(哥),Jun(钧),Ding(定)wares;Charm of song porcelainDing kilnItspasteiswhite,generallycoveredwith an almost transparent glazethatdrippedandcollectedin“tears“(蜡泪痕蜡泪痕).Due to the way the dishes werestacked in the kiln,the edgedremained unglazed,and had to berimmed in metal such as gold orsilverwhenusedastableware.Ding warewas producedin Ding Xian,HebeiProvince.whenthe Song emperors came to power in 940,Dingware was thefinest porcelain produced in northern China at the time,andwasthefirsttoenterthepalaceforofficialimperialuse.Ru kilnRu wares range in colorfromnearly white to a deep robins eggand often are covered with reddish-brown crackles.The crackles arecaused when the glaze cools andcontracts faster than the body,thushaving to stretch and ultimately tosplit.Songdynastywasthefirstperiodthatviewedcrazingasameritratherthanadefect.玛瑙为釉古相传,雨过天晴云破处Ru warewasproducedinRuzhouHenanprovinceforimperialuseandisthemostfamouswareinthefivekilns.名瓷之首，汝瓷为魁北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗2012年年香港拍卖会，香港拍卖会，北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗拍卖北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗拍卖2 2亿港元，刷新宋瓷世界拍卖纪录亿港元，刷新宋瓷世界拍卖纪录Jun kiln CharacterizedbyathickerbodythanDingorRuware,Juniscovered with a turquoise and purple glaze,so thick andviscous looking that it almost seems to be melting off itssubstantialgolden-brownbody.NotonlyareJunvesselsmorethicklypotted,theirshapeismuchmorerobustthanthefineJunpieces.世上朱砂非所拟，西方宝石致难同。世上朱砂非所拟，西方宝石致难同。乾隆乾隆JunwarewasathirdstyleofporcelainusedattheNorthernSongcourtandwasproducedinYuzhouHenanprovinceGuan kilnIt was during this period thatwalls become so thin and glaze sothick that thelattersupersededtheformerinbreadth.AstheclayinthefoothillsaroundLinanwasabrownish color and the glaze soviscus.Guanware,literallymeansofficialware;socertainRu,Jun,andevenDingcouldbeconsideredGuaninthebroadsenseofbeingproducedforthecourt.Strictly speaking,however,the term only applies to thatproducedbyanofficialimperiallyrunkiln,whichdidnotstartuntil the Southern Song fled the advancingJinand settledatLinan.Ge kilnGewareliterallymeansbig-brotherware,becauselegendhasit that of two brothers working in Longquan,one made thetypicalceladonstyle ceramics,but the elder madeGeware,producedinhisprivatekiln.Gewarebasicallycomprisetwotypesonewithawarmrice-yellowglazeandtwosetsofcrackles,amoreprominentsetofdarkercolorinterspersedwithafinersetofreddishlines(金金丝丝铁线铁线).TheotherGewareismuchlikeGuanware,withgrayishglazeandonesetofcrackles.123炼泥炼泥Milling摞泥摞泥Filter press制坯制坯Green Making4567 贴花贴花Lithography上釉上釉 Glazing 修坯修坯 Finishing烧釉烧釉 Glost firing景景德德镇镇 景景德德镇镇是是一一个个地地级级市市，以以前前是是中中国国江江西西省省的的一一个个小小镇镇，20102010年年常常住住人人口口1,587,4771,587,477。因因为为生生产产了了17001700年年的的优优质质瓷瓷器器而而被被称称为为“瓷瓷都都”。这这个个城城市市有有着着超超过过20002000年年的的悠悠久久历历史史。景景德德镇镇是是中中国国历历史史文文化化名名城城之之一一，20072007年年底底被被评评为为江江西西省省优优秀秀文文明健康城市。明健康城市。Jingdezhen is a prefecture-level city in Jiangxi Province of China,with a total population of 1,587,477(2010).It is known as the Porcelain Capital because it has been producing quality pottery for 1700 years.The city has a well-documented history that stretches back over 2000 years.Jingdezhen is one of Chinese Historical and Cultural Cities,and was named outstanding civilization&health city of Jiangxi Province.Geography 江西景德镇陶瓷，是中华民族文化艺术宝库中辉煌的明珠。江西景德镇陶瓷，是中华民族文化艺术宝库中辉煌的明珠。他近二千年来的悠久而灿烂的历史进程，给后世留下了精湛绝他近二千年来的悠久而灿烂的历史进程，给后世留下了精湛绝伦的技艺，也造就了历代数不清的艺术匠师。在长期的发展过伦的技艺，也造就了历代数不清的艺术匠师。在长期的发展过程中，景德镇的技艺人员，奋发努力，刻意求新，创作了许多程中，景德镇的技艺人员，奋发努力，刻意求新，创作了许多好作品，使景德镇瓷器形成了自己独特的风格。好作品，使景德镇瓷器形成了自己独特的风格。Jingdezhen porcelain is the bright pearl in Chinese art and culture.With nearly two thousands of splendid history,there are exquisite skills and countless craftsmen.In the long time of development,the artists and craftsmen in Jingdezhen brought their full talent into creating numerous masterpieces.Thanks to their hard working,Jingdezhen porcelain had been formed its own four special features.葫芦窑葫芦窑double-gourd kiln 十十八八世世纪纪以以前前，欧欧洲洲人人不不会会制制造造瓷瓷器器，因因此此中中国国特特别别是是昌昌南南镇镇的的精精美美瓷瓷器器很很受受欢欢迎迎。在在欧欧洲洲，昌昌南南镇镇瓷瓷器器是是十十分分受受人人珍珍爱爱的的贵贵重重物物品品.欧欧洲洲人人就就以以“昌昌南南”作作为为瓷瓷器器（china）和和生生产产瓷瓷器器的的“中中国国”（China）的的代代称称，久久而而久久之之，欧欧洲洲人人就就把把昌昌南南的的本本意意忘忘却却了了，只只记记得得它它是是“瓷瓷器器”，即，即“中国中国”。锦绣昌南中国瓷园锦绣昌南中国瓷园 早在东汉时期，古人在昌南（景德镇）建造窑坊，烧早在东汉时期，古人在昌南（景德镇）建造窑坊，烧制陶瓷。到了唐朝，由于昌南土质好，先人们吸收南方青制陶瓷。到了唐朝，由于昌南土质好，先人们吸收南方青瓷和北方白瓷的优点创制出一种青白瓷。青白瓷晶莹滋润，瓷和北方白瓷的优点创制出一种青白瓷。青白瓷晶莹滋润，有有“人造玉器人造玉器”的美称，大量出口欧洲。的美称，大量出口欧洲。As early as in the Eastern Han Dynasty,the ancients started to build kilns in Changnan to fire ceramics.In the Tang Dynasty,because of the soil with good quality in Changnan,the ancestors created the bluish white porcelain by combining the advantages of southern celadon and the northern white porcelain.The bluish white porcelain was glittering and had the reputation of artificial jade.So it was exported to Europe in large amount.元代，瓷业较宋代为衰落，然而这时期也有新的发元代，瓷业较宋代为衰落，然而这时期也有新的发展，如青花和釉里红的兴起，彩瓷大量的流行，白瓷成展，如青花和釉里红的兴起，彩瓷大量的流行，白瓷成为瓷器的主流，带动以后明清两代的瓷器发展，得到很为瓷器的主流，带动以后明清两代的瓷器发展，得到很高的成就。高的成就。During the Yuan Dynasty,the porcelain industry was declined compared with that of the Song Dynasty.However,there were new developments in this period,such as the rise of blue-and-white porcelain,the popularity of painted porcelain and the mainstream of whiteware.It all led to high development of porcelain in the Ming and Qing Dynasty,ushing high achievements.我国的陶瓷艺术发展到了明代又进入一个新的旅程，我国的陶瓷艺术发展到了明代又进入一个新的旅程，明代以前的瓷器以青瓷为主，明代之后以白瓷为主。景明代以前的瓷器以青瓷为主，明代之后以白瓷为主。景德镇成为主要的窑厂，规模最大，一直延续明清两代五、德镇成为主要的窑厂，规模最大，一直延续明清两代五、六百年而不衰，描写当时盛况为六百年而不衰，描写当时盛况为“昼间白烟掩空，夜间昼间白烟掩空，夜间红焰烧天红焰烧天”。In the Ming Dynasty,Chinas development of ceramic art reached a new level.Before the Ming Dynasty,the mainstream was the celadon and after that time was the white porcelain.Jingdezhen became the main kiln,with the largest scale.Its magnificent refulgence had lasted from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,for five or six hundred years.And its pomp was praised porcelain making never stops no matter day or night.清乾隆之后，景瓷生产从巅峰走向下坡路清乾隆之后，景瓷生产从巅峰走向下坡路,产产量、器质、品种、造型等呈萎缩状态。鸦片战争量、器质、品种、造型等呈萎缩状态。鸦片战争之后，景瓷生产受到严重摧残。延续之后，景瓷生产受到严重摧残。延续500500多年之久多年之久的御器厂寿终正寝。的御器厂寿终正寝。After the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty,the production of porcelain in Jingdezhen declined from peak to downhill.The yield,quality,variety and shape of porcelain all shrunk rapidly.After the Opium War the production of porcelain had been severely damaged.The imperial porcelain factory closed after working more than 500 years.景景德德镇镇有有悠悠久久的的制制瓷瓷传传统统，广广大大瓷瓷工工身身怀怀绝绝技技，在在极极其其艰艰难难困困苦苦的的情情况况下下，坚坚持持以以手手工工技技艺艺制制瓷瓷，坚坚持持与与外外国国机机器器制制瓷瓷相相抗抗争争，保保持持了了中中国国瓷瓷器器在在国国际际上上的的美美誉誉。现现代代景景德德镇镇的的制制瓷瓷工工艺艺继继承承了了传传统统的的技技法法,吸吸收收和和借借鉴鉴了了国内外的精华国内外的精华,使陶瓷制作达到了一个又一个的高度。使陶瓷制作达到了一个又一个的高度。Jingdezhen has a long-standing tradition of porcelain making and the workers had superior skills.Facing the difficulties and hardships,they insisted on handmade and waged war against foreign porcelain manufactured by machine.With the efforts,they maintained the international reputation of Chinese porcelain.The modern porcelain crafts in Jingdezhen have inherited the traditional techniques and absorbed and appreciated the essence at home and abroad.The ceramics making reached the height one after another.Afteryearsofconstruction,certaindevelopmentsintermsoftheceramicmajorhavealreadybeenachieved.Atpresent,twocenters(namely,theAncientCeramicHeritage&innovationandTeachingExperimentalCenterinCentralPlainsandtheDevelopment&researchCenterforCeramicCuturalIndustyinPingdingshanUniversity),fourbases(namely,theTrainingandTestBaseforCeramicProductDesignersinNorthernChina,theResearchBaseforHenanCulturalIndustryDevelopment,theResearchBaseforHenanIntangibleCulturalHeritage,theAppraisalandElectionBaseforHenanCeramicArtMaster),andfiveLaboratories,(namely,theCeramicFiringLaboratory,theMoldFormigLaboratory,theManualAssemblyLaboratory,theSculptureLaboratory,theCeramicMaterialLaboratory)havebeensetup.SchoolofCeramics我校陶瓷专业经过几年来的建设，已经具有一定基础和规我校陶瓷专业经过几年来的建设，已经具有一定基础和规模，目前已建成两个中心一中原古陶资传承创新与科学实模，目前已建成两个中心一中原古陶资传承创新与科学实验中心和平顶山学院陶瓷文化产业发展研究中心；验中心和平顶山学院陶瓷文化产业发展研究中心；四个基地一中国北方陶瓷产品设计师培训和考试基地四个基地一中国北方陶瓷产品设计师培训和考试基地(中中国建筑卫浴陶瓷行业协会国建筑卫浴陶瓷行业协会)、河南省文化产业发展研究基地河南省文化产业发展研究基地(中共河南省委宣传部中共河南省委宣传部)、第三批河南省非物质文化遗产研究传承基地第三批河南省非物质文化遗产研究传承基地(河南省文化河南省文化厅厅)、河南陶瓷艺术大师评选考试基地河南陶瓷艺术大师评选考试基地(河南省陶瓷玻璃行业协河南省陶瓷玻璃行业协会会)；五个实验室一陶瓷烧制实验室、五个实验室一陶瓷烧制实验室、模具成型实验室、模具成型实验室、手工成型实验室、手工成型实验室、雕塑实验室、雕塑实验室、陶瓷材料实验室。陶瓷材料实验室。12artworksareconferrednationalawards,includingtheEighthBagSeries(byLiuGuangfu),whichwasawardedthegoldmedalinthetenthNationalCeramicInnovationContest,andtheTouchofMicro-cloud(byFangFeng),whichwasselectedforthetwelfthnationalartexhibition.Morethan100artworksreceivedawardsattheprovinciallevel,includingPurelnnocency,EclipseandVacancyandotherworks,whichwereawardedthegoldmedals.作品获得国家级奖励作品获得国家级奖励12项，项，其中刘光甫老师的其中刘光甫老师的布袋布袋系列之八系列之八)在在第十届全国陶瓷创新评比第十届全国陶瓷创新评比中荣获金奖，房峰老师的中荣获金奖，房峰老师的(一抹微云一抹微云入选第十二届入选第十二届全国美展。作品获全国美展。作品获得省级奖励得省级奖励100多项，其中多项，其中清者自清清者自清蚀蚀空空等作品获得省级展览金等作品获得省级展览金奖。奖。空空布袋系列布袋系列CeramicRoadbeganinthelateTangDynasty,itisthemainarteryoftheseabetweenexchangesofChineseandforeignMedieval.ThereasonofthenameCeramicRoad,mainlyduetotheporcelaintrade-basednature,somepeoplenamedthisseatraderouteastheMarineSilkRoad.“ChinaschinascatteredalongthistraderouteliketheshiningpearlandlightedthewholeofSoutheastAsia,AfricaandtheArab.CeramicRoadbroughttoChinaagreatcommercialwealth.“陶瓷之路陶瓷之路”发端于唐代中后期，是中世纪中外交往的海上大动脉发端于唐代中后期，是中世纪中外交往的海上大动脉.之所以命名之所以命名为为“陶瓷之路陶瓷之路”，主要是因为以瓷器贸易为主的性质，也有人将这条海上商路，主要是因为以瓷器贸易为主的性质，也有人将这条海上商路称为称为“海上丝绸之路海上丝绸之路”。在这条商路沿岸洒落的中国瓷片象闪闪明珠，照亮着在这条商路沿岸洒落的中国瓷片象闪闪明珠，照亮着整个东南亚、非洲大地和阿拉伯世界。整个东南亚、非洲大地和阿拉伯世界。“陶瓷之路陶瓷之路”给中国带来了巨大的商业给中国带来了巨大的商业财富。财富。thankyou！