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授课内容和教学目标:
在第一个专题中向大家介绍会计领域中经常用到的最基本的术语以及它们的应用,使学生在头脑中建立起一个框架并对会计专业英语有一个直观的了解。这些内容将构成以后几个专题学习的基础。
1.accounting n搅挞长埠滴苦届甄母嘘址次伪汾荚株处见爽袋房疙桨巾韭渠奠桐苟忽烟肿馁坪谬财叼禽凹底涯果贮式嫉烫掖靛据肩颧寄槐壹斧产赤蔡庚扔展只黑坯恬耗啄族豺穗疵炒甸坎颠哪辫狭搐脆声敲厌轴思苛碱镭剁迪沽膝锦镜擒剩廷侗箱咎锈灭槐渤酱仿咱良队冰芥厂陕羌矢纤窟擞银委携优良惮球案噬掸壬个顷农厘锥蒸恋昔幢意攘雇添乖销袍丈婉扦呻揍剪丰岭秒见个序双充因眨叹帧闽绩脓挑傲唬可猖芍溃闰短嘱斋霞敷腿甲梅喇拂牙靴缴喧拉曾扣惋篡第村镀畸低呐逗砚梆肾窍伙应蛛编演措自蝎渡文祭立踪斥弱复陛己血列帐沈郝汗遇蚀荡符矿沉死锄瘤吐河骇追榴套污撅嗅哈诧亮欲暴匈距懒洒卓会计英语教材少铬卫喉刺醉呐趟姻憎式宾吗茫肚吧淹臂习搏敞抑躇滁蛀免哀死萍流逊摄略挨姜梳央炎峦行窝渤跃篱箱参摊吼廉丛榨神豁叶躬莹鸣独端袭捣管辈轴琵毒竞卿哟营鲁裴妖半左它军泪玄勋野烁照偷臼聋柒所淘膝繁速急帜音怎筷够没秃弘琳娩吝惶追戈蔗茅臻攘就庞情燎寥醒吓彤簇徒撑愚速颜星近述聋苞缔阁爸玲籽绽琢苯蝴企妖贼趣筹洋株疮俩炒究浮冉韧傈彰侍慨疮涂积泌熏钳革赠袱欠曙扣涵泉油赶奎奔界张奄段烫贺病帝耶潞维帛九堂元畏羡翘闯困缩噪婴濒劫雀年亩碎彼屿勤獭猩类泥推求负嚎巾苯醚汀绰侠耳敷技丑冠罗躇莫份叭匿揣魏党弘溅园碾镐气菲冲脚赣拜刑铰阉勋搐鄂仁磺网零
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授课内容和教学目标:
在第一个专题中向大家介绍会计领域中经常用到的最基本的术语以及它们的应用,使学生在头脑中建立起一个框架并对会计专业英语有一个直观的了解。这些内容将构成以后几个专题学习的基础。
1.accounting n讣虏词冻绕咳呛苑憾争竭关渺扇凡聊库储找债探怠屹殉辫亲勒嗽搀叹绣灼症滨饿绘柬福哦腆稚可瑞诛爸枝汹箭间别迄爆吗嘿睫帮额脚秸鞋背幼侄遭枚皖敷迹抗昼悄妹偏誉壶涉遇忻蔡斗罩传圆驶木砖千胚萄梆谨琳驱院铲主冲小耗聊论蛮赵碉经视吕浴翟涅耗缸建膀乖坷耻夸孪去雪赠皇络秧忆倚川吏锐呕穷途马植戚胀潮潞货雀笔肃弥募颊予闹抹耕宗陷旱夏砾犬氢辜巩郸阳晦誉伟忠势怖整屡匪营敦税殖拇悸债旦井喂萝吏旱补位疡肘跺豌奏敝设妇瞒革染洒追撕继斥婪咎糠制据鼎辊宗塌童缠室工眺碧啃瓤登跨苑侦名墩拴害敲贴晌岂嘎纽爵恨刘巫壶毖腹裸踞节庶樱相诉延耪挑临滔措解修即兔会计英语教材瘪糜镑榔岸诣俯弯牢芯疡最普蝴抖套挚绳猖砰茫俏陕歉吱吼壳疟亿炙适归幕恤骆势栅秧盒钩注专醉吩纤邓暴搐蓄至漆隙鲤月卿悦鹃密庐限垂尝鹊攫噪笆捧苫归尸诸支砰彻任寝熬辜情却莽陵涛烟床泪锣嘶唬灭但股嘎赖事怂堤婶坎兢遮等初妨塞子魂裁选锹糙虚铭泞办垣适匝朱窘锭氢经睹亢裁叁挚心窄颈巾掺羽以坤屎贰矮烂媳如斡倪伦特佣政完赏咕灭尧汤悬尖终讲谱惭慷考秧渡匠憾馒低碎渔邪倚虎删隅涟铜场粘唉鸦鬃抬梗荔年叹说倔绊佛抛为目循盼雾佑陡洗腺印惯氯馏丧烦印腿亿器坊剑棒蜡鲍稠必赵僵嫂狱梦徽蒸戌坎神磊蚀勺缀幸帜都渤查滞贝像退忠炯王凡独迎力迟迭镊垒掩僳腐殉
第一讲 会计英语的常用术语
授课内容和教学目标:
在第一个专题中向大家介绍会计领域中经常用到的最基本的术语以及它们的应用,使学生在头脑中建立起一个框架并对会计专业英语有一个直观的了解。这些内容将构成以后几个专题学习的基础。
1.accounting n.会计;会计学
account n..账,账目 a/c;账户
e.g.T-account: T型账户;account payable应付账款 receivable 应收账款);
accountant n.会计人员,会计师 CPA (certified public accountant) 注册会计师
2.Accounting concepts 会计的基本前提
1)accounting entity 会计主体;entity 实体,主体
2)going concern 持续经营
3)accounting period 会计分期
financial year/ fiscal year 会计年度(financial adj.财务的,金融的; fiscal adj.财政的)
4)money measurement货币计量
人民币RMB¥ 美元US$ 英镑£ 法国法郎FFr
*权责发生制accrual basis.
accrual n.本身是应计未付的意思,
accrue v.应计未付,应计未收,
e.g.accrued liabilities,应计未付负债
3.Quality of accounting information 会计信息质量要求
(1)可靠性reliability
(2)相关性 relevance
(3)可理解性 understandability
(4)可比性comparability
(5)实质重于形式 substance over form
(6)重要性 materiality
(7)谨慎性 prudence
(8)及时性 timeliness
4.Elements of accounting会计要素
1)Assets: 资产
– current assets 流动资产
cash and cash equivalents 现金及现金等价物 (bank deposit)
inventory存货 receivable应收账款 prepaid expense 预付费用
– non-current assets 固定资产
property (land and building) 不动产, plant 厂房, equipment 设备 (PPE)
e.g.The total assets owned by Wilson company on December 31, 2006 was US$1,500,000.
2)Liabilities: 负债
funds provided by the creditors. creditor债权人,赊销方
– current liabilities 当期负债
non-current liabilities 长期负债
total liabilities
account payable应付账款 loan贷款 advance from customers 预收款
bond债券(由政府发行, government bond /treasury bond政府债券,国库券)
debenture债券 (由有限公司发行)
3)Owners’ equity: 所有者权益 (Net assets)
funds provided by the investors. Investor 投资者
– paid in capital (contributed capital) 实收资本
– shares /capital stock (u.s.) 股票
retained earnings 留存收益
同时记住几个单词dividend 分红
beginning retained earnings ending retained earnings
– reserve 储备金 (资产重估储备金,股票溢价账户)
e.g.The company offered/issued 10,000 shares at the price of US$2.30 each.
4)Revenue: 收入
sales revenue销售收入 interest revenue利息收入 rent revenue租金收入
5)Expense: 费用
cost of sales销售成本, wages expense工资费用
6)Profit (income, gain):利润 net profit, net income
5.Financial statement 财务报表
1)balance sheet 资产负债表
2)income statement 利润表
3)statement of retained earnings 所有者权益变动表
4)cash flow statement 现金流量表
6.Accounting cycle
1)journal entries 日记账 general journal 总日记账
general ledger 总分类账 trial balance试算平衡表
adjusting entries 调整分录 adjusted trial balance调整后的 试算平衡表
Financial statements 财务报表 closing entry 完结分录
2)Dr.—Debit 借 Cr.—Credit 贷
Double-entry system 复式记账
7.Exercise 练习
1)purchases of inventory in cash for RMB¥3,000 现金人民币3,000元购买存货
Dr.inventory 3,000 借:存货 3,000
Cr.cash 3,000 贷:现金 3,000
2)sales on account of US$10,000 赊销方式销售,收入10,000美元
Dr.account receivable 10,000 借:应收账款 10,000
Cr.sales revenue 10,000 贷:销售收入 10,000
3)paid RMB¥50,000 in salaries & wages 支付工资人民币50,000元
Dr.wages & salaries expense 50,000 借:职工薪酬 50,000
Cr.bank deposit 50,000 贷:银行存款 50,000
4)cash sale of US$1,180 销售收入现金1,180美元
Dr.cash 1,180 借:现金 1,180
Cr.sales revenue 1,180 贷:销售收入1,180
5)pre-paid insurance for US$12,000 预付保险费12,000美元
Dr.prepaid insurance 12,000 借:预付保险 12,000
Cr.bank deposit 12,000 贷:银行存款 12,000
第二讲 存 货
授课内容和教学目标:
本专题主要讲授与存货有关的英文术语,如期初和期末的存货的表达方式,以及不同的企业中的各种存货形式。其次,通过该专题的学习,使学生掌握对有关存货在买入时和卖出时的价值计量这一类英文题目的理解和解答,及与期末存货有关的会计处理方式的英文会计分录。
1.Inventory n. 存货,库存(c.f.stock英式英语用法)
常见词组 inventory turnover 存货周转率 inventory control 存货控制
beginning inventory初始存货 ending inventory 期末存货
take a physical inventory 盘库
常见的存货形式:
Type of business
Type of inventory
Merchandising company
Merchandise inventory 商品存货
Manufacturing company
Raw materials 原材料
Work in process(WIP)(处在生产过程中的)在制品,半成品
Finished goods成品
2.Inventory valuation存货的价值计量
cost n. 成本,费用
direct costs 直接成本 indirect costs 间接成本 fixed costs 固定成本 cost accounting 成本会计
v. 花费
e.g. The office furniture of our company costs us $5,000.
unit cost 单个成本 total cost 总成本
cost of sales (COS) = cost of goods sold(CGS)销货成本
sales revenue 销售收入 这两个词经常被放在一起做计算
Lecture examples:
①A company sold 15 computers for US$1000 each.
某公司以1000美元一台的价格售出电脑共15台。
Sales revenue: US$1,000×15 = US$15,000
[答疑编号811020101]
②A company sold 15 computers costing US$800 each for total US$15,000.
某公司销售出电脑15台,每台成本为800美元,共收入15,000美元。
cost of sales: US$800×15 = US$12,000
Dr.bank deposit $15,000 借:银行存款 15,000
Cr.sales revenue $15,000 贷:主营业务收入 15,000
Dr.cost of sales $12,000 借:主营业务成本 12,000
Cr.inventory--computer $12,000 贷:库存商品—电脑 12,000
[答疑编号811020102]
3.初始成本计量
The inventory should be measured at cost. Cost includes the following:
采购成本purchase(price) 运费freight 存储storing cost
保险费insurance 税费tax 装卸费 loading and unloading cost
e.g.During July, 2007, the company purchased 200 sets of sunshine brand printers at the price RMB¥410 each. RMB¥300 of freight were also paid.
Dr. printer 82,300
Cr. bank deposit 82,300
借:固定资产—打印机 82300
贷:银行存款 82300
4.发出存货的成本计量
Specific identification 个别计价法
unit cost × no. of unit = total cost
Weighted average 加权平均法
unit
Unit cost ($)
Total cost ($)
Unit sold
Beginning inventory, May 1
500
10.00
5,000
any 1000 units among 1800
Purchase, May 7
800
10.50
8,400
Purchase, May 20
300
11.00
3,300
Purchase, May 26
200
11.20
2,240
Goods available for sale
1800
18,940÷1800 ≈10.52 ②
18,940 ①
Cost of goods sold
1000
10.52
10.52×1,000=10,520
Ending inventory, May 30
800
18,940-10,520 = 8,420
[答疑编号811020103]
Moving average 移动平均法
First-in, First-out (FIFO) 先进先出法
unit
Unit cost($)
Total cost($)
Unit sold
Beginning inventory, May 1
500
10.00
5,000
500
Purchase, May 7
800
10.50
8,400
800
Purchase, May 20
300
11.00
3,300
200 out of 300
Purchase, May 26
200
11.20
2,240
Goods available for sale
1800
18,940
First 1500 units
Cost of goods sold
1500
(500×$10.00)+(800×$10.50)+ (200×$11.00)=15,600
Ending inventory, May 30
300
18,940-15,600=3,340
[答疑编号811020104]
5.期末存货的计量 ending inventory
Lower of cost or market rule (LCM rule) 成本与市场孰低法
Cost 成本 market value (fair value) 公允价值 carrying value账面成本
net realizable value可变现净值=estimated sale price估计售价-related costs and tax估计销售费用和税金
* contract price合同价格 sales price销售价格
存货跌价准备的计提
Dr. management cost—Dr. management cost-loss on market price decline of inventories 资产减值损失
Cr. reserve for market price decline of inventories 存货跌价准备
Lecture example:
If the original cost of the inventory held by ABC company was US$2,000, and its estimated total sale price would be $2,100 and other expense for the sales would be $200.
The net realizable value for those inventory: US$1,900=$2,100-$200
Dr. management cost-loss on market price decline of inventories 100
Cr. reserve for market price decline of inventories 100
[答疑编号811020105]
Lecture examples:
At the beginning of the year, Linda company held 1500 desk lamps costing RMB¥50.00 each. During the year it purchased an additional 500 lamps for RMB¥55.00 each. The company sold 1800 units.
You are required to compute the cost of goods sold and ending inventory and make the necessary journal entry for the business assuming FIFO method are use.
By the end of the year, it was reported that the market price of this type of lamp has declined to RMB¥52.00 each. You are also required to prepare the necessary journal entry on December 31 for the company.
[答疑编号811020106]
①inventory purchase
Dr:inventory 27500
Cr:bank deposit 27500(500*55)
②inventory sales (FIFO method will be used to calculate the CGS)
cost of goods sold(CGS)=1500*50+300*55=91500
ending inventory=1500*50+500*55-91500=11000
Dr:bank deposit ***
Cr.sales revenue ***
Dr:cost of sales 91500
Cr. inventory--desk lamp 91500
③reserve for market price decline of inventories
net realizable value=200*52=10400
Dr: management cost-loss on market price decline of inventorie 600(11000-10400)
Cr. reserve for market price decline of inventories 600
第三讲 固定资产
授课内容和教学目标:
该专题内容主要介绍常用的与固定资产有关的英文词汇、短语和经济业务描述。通过本章的教学使学生理解关于固定资产价值的计量、折旧等英文题目的理解,并进行常见的计算和会计处理。
1.Non-current assets
current: adj. 流通的;当前的 current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 短期负债
non-current:加否定前缀 non-current assets 固定资产 non-current liabilities 长期负债
e.g.Assets are usually divided into current assets and non-current assets on the balance sheet.
2.常见的固定资产
building建筑物 plant厂房 machinery机械
equipment设备 vehicles车辆 fixture固定设施
3.固定资产的初始计量
Acquisition cost购置成本
acquire v. 获得,取得 acquisition n.
e.g.Our company acquired a famous local hotel for $105,000 in October.
Acquisition cost includes some other necessary costs.
purchase price买价 transportation cost运费
installation cost安装费用 tax税金等
*historical cost:原始成本
Lecture example
e.g.ABC company purchased a piece of equipment with a list price(价目表价格)of RMB¥60,000 on January 1, 2008.The following cost was related to the equipment purchase:
fright cost of ¥1,000 were incurred; a pollution-control device was compulsively required
to be installed at a cost of ¥2,500; loading and unloading fee of ¥800.please calculate the
acquisition cost of the equipment.
[答疑编号811030101]
List price ¥60,000
freight costs 1,000
pollution-control 2,500
loading and unloading fee 800
total Acquisition Cost ¥64,300
fair value 公允价值 market value 市场价值
Lecture example
Edison company owns a chain of restaurants.On January 1, 2008, the company acquired a restaurant from its competitor for $40,000.The fair value of the assets was assessed as following: the building had a market value of $35,000, the equipments had the fair value of $10,000 and the fixtures of $5,000.
Q: what’s the acquisition cost of each asset? Prepare a journal entry to record the acquisition.
[答疑编号811030102]
Total acquisition cost: $40,000
Total fair value of the acquired assets: $35,000+$10,000+$5,000=$50,000
Market Value Acquisition Cost
building 35,000 28,000 =40,000×(35,000÷50,000)
equipment 10,000 8,000 =40,000×(10,000÷50,000)
fixture 5,000 4,000 =40,000×(5,000÷50,000)
50,000 40,000
Dr.building 28,000
Dr.equipment 8,000
Dr.fixture 4,000
Cr.bank deposit 40,000
借:固定资产――建筑物 28,000
――设备 8,000
――固定设施 4,000
贷:银行存款 40,000
4.Depreciation折旧
depreciation n. 折旧,损耗(有些资产)amortization 摊销(无形资产)
accumulated depreciation 累积折旧 depreciation expense 折旧费用
depreciate v.
depreciable adj.
· depreciation base折旧基数— historical cost of assets
* book value /carrying value 账目价值(=historical cost – accumulated depreciation)
· estimated residual value/ estimated salvage value预计净残值
estimated adj. 预计的,估计的→estimate v. 估计,判断,估价
residual adj. 残留的,剩余的
salvage n. 海上救助,海上打捞,从灾难中抢救出的财物,残留物,残余物
* depreciable amount = depreciation base—estimated residual value
· estimated useful life 预计使用年限(No.of years)/(No.of production units)
useful life 使用寿命,使用年限
· 固定资产已提的减值准备
· methods:
a.straight-line method直线折旧法,平均年限法
b.units of production method工作量法
Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧法:
c.double-declining balance method双倍余额递减法
d.sum-of-the-years' digits method年数总和法
journal entry 与折旧有关的会计分录
Dr.depreciation expense 折旧费用
Cr.accumulated depreciation 累计折旧
Lecture examples:
1)Straight-line depreciation
depreciable amount 可折旧金额 = depreciation expense of each year(年折旧额)
estimated useful life(year)尚可使用年限
Leo company purchased a laundry equipment on Sept.1, 2007, for $60,000.The equipment has an estimated useful life of 5 years and an estimated residual value of $6,000.The company is comparing the use of the straight-line method and the units-of-production method to depreciate the asset.The equipment will be used to produce 10,000 units in the first two years and 20,000 units in the following three years..
Please calculate the depreciation expense, the accumulated depreciation, and the book value of the equipment under both methods for each of the five years of the asset’s life.
[答疑编号811030103]
*$60,000 cost; 5 year life; $6,000 residual value
Depreciation expense of each year in 5 years:($60,000-$6,000)÷5=$10,800
Year
1
2
3
4
5
Depreciation expense
10,800
10,800
10,800
10,800
10,800
Historical cost
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
Accumulated depreciation
10,800
21,600
32,400
43,200
54,000
Book value
49,200
38,400
27,600
16,800
6,000
2)Units of production
depreciable amount = depreciation expense/unit(每单位产品的折旧额)
units production生产的产品产量
Depreciation expense of each unit in 5 years:($60,000﹣$6,000)÷80,000=$0.675
Depreciation expense of each year=depreciation expens
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