新目标七年级（下）Units 1-5语法精讲+精练+答案.docx

语法精讲1情态动词can的用法1.can的个性展示can本身有一定含义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语.情态动词can没有人称和数的变化.2.can的具体用法意为“能,会”,指脑力或体力方面的“能力”I can speak English.我会说英语.Jim can swim, but I cant.吉姆会游泳,但我不会.表示许可,意为“可以”,常用于口语中,这时相当于mayCan/May I come in?我可以进来吗?3.can的句式表演肯定句句式主语can+动词原形十其他否定句句式主语cant+动词原形其他一般疑问句句式及答语Can+主语十动词原形十其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语can.否定回答:No,主语cant.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词can+主语十动词原形十其他?4.can的巧记口诀表能力,要用can.陈述句里记特点.肯定can后加动原,否定can后not连.疑问句,can提前.肯定回答“Yes,主语can”.否定回答“No,主语cant.,”记心间.语法精练1.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.I cant_ (write) stories, Can you help me, Mary?2. My mother can_ (speak) English very well.3.What can your brother_ (do)?4.Miss Lin cant play the piano, but she can_ (sing)well.5.Little Tom can draw, but he_ (can not) dance.答案:1.1.write 2.speak 3.do 4.sing 5.cantII.单项选择1.- _ you tell us a story in English?-I think I can do it. Let me try.A. NeedB. CanC. ShouldD. Must2.- _ I take photos here?-Sorry, you cant. Its not allowed in the museum.A. MustB. NeedC. CanD. Will3.We should learn some basic life skills since we_ depend on our parents some day.A. canB. cantC. mustD. mustnt4. -What kind of music do you like?-I like music that I_ dance to.A. canB. mustC. should D. need5.-There is a new art museum in our city. You_ miss it.-Thank you. I wont.A. cantB. mustC. neednt答案:1.B 考查情态动词辨析.句意:你能用英语给我们讲一个故事吗？我认为我能.让我试试.need需要;can能;should应当;must必须.故选B.2.C 考查情态动词辨析.句意:我能在这里拍照吗？抱歉,你不能.博物馆不允许拍照.must必须;need需要;can能;will将.故选C.3.B 考查情态动词辨析.句意:既然我们有一天不能依靠父母,我们就应当学会一些基本的生活技能.can能;cant不能;must必须;mustnt不应该.故选B.4.A 考查情态动词辨析.句意:你喜欢哪种音乐？我喜欢能伴着跳舞的音乐.can能;must 必须;should应当;need需要.故选A.5.A 考查情态动词辨析.句意:我们城市有一个新的艺术博物馆.你不能错过它.谢谢.我不会的.cant不能;must必须;neednt不必.故选A.III.按要求改写句子(每空一词)1.My father can speak English well.(改为一般疑问句)_ your father_ English well?2.Tom can ride a horse.(改为否定句)Tom_ _ a horse.3.Mr.Green cando Chinese kung fu.(对画线部分提问)_ _ Mr. Green_?4.Can Tom and Jim draw pictures?(作肯定回答)Yes, _ _.5.play,can,Cindy,well,the,guitar(连词成句)_?答案:1.Can;speak 2. cant ride 3.What can; do 4.they can5.Can Cindy play the guitar well语法精讲2一、频度副词定义用来表示频率的副词,叫频度副词.常见的频度副词有:always, usually, often, sometimes, never等频度副词在句中的位置通常在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后He is always busy.他总是很忙.I will never forget you.我永远也不会忘记你.通常位于实义动词之前They often go swimming.他们经常去游泳.sometimes可放在句首、句中或句尾Sometimes she watches TV.她有时看电视.提问how often意为“多久一次”-How often do you drink milk?-你多久喝一次牛奶?-Every day.-每天.二、一般现在时定义表达现在的状态,主语的性格、能力以及经常或习惯性的动作等动词形态变化主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式He usually takes the bus to school.他通常乘坐公交车去上学.主语不是第三人称单数,谓语动词用原形They watch TV every day.他们每天都看电视.三、句式结构句式结构肯定句句式主语be/行为动词其他否定句句式主语be+ not+其他主语dont/doesnt动词原形其他一般疑问句句式Be+主语其他?Do/Does+主语十动词原形十其他?语法精练1.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Mary usually_ (go) shopping with her mother on Sunday.2. _ (do)Peter_ (take)a shower in the evening or in the morning?3.Lisa_ (not do) her homework in the evening.4.She never_ (eat) hamburgers for lunch.5.-What time Jack_ (go) to bed?-At 10:30 p.m.答案:1.goes 2.Does;take 3.doesnt do 4.eats 5.does;goII.按要求改写句子(每空一词)1.Mr. Green usually goes to work at seven oclock.(改为一般疑问句)_ Mr. Green usually_ to work at seven oclock?2.Anna always plays volleyball after school.(改为否定句)Anna_ plays volleyball after school.3.I do my homework at home on weekends.(改为否定句)I_ _ my homework at home on weekends.4.Lisasometimeseats bread for breakfast.(对画线部分提问)_ _ _ Lisa_ bread for breakfast?5.They usually exercise in the morning.(用 he改写句子)_ usually_ in the morning.答案:1.Does;go 2.never 3.dont do 4.How often does; eat 5.He;exercises语法精讲3一、how引导的特殊疑问句1.直接由how引导的特殊疑问句询问交通方式How does she get to school?她是如何到校的?询问身体状况How are your parents?你父母身体好吗?询问天气状况How is the weather today?今天天气怎么样?询问程度How do you like the TV show?你觉得这个电视节目怎么样?2.由“how+形容词副词”引导的特殊疑问句how long意为“多长”,询问时间或物体的长度how far意为“多远”,询问距离how often意为“多久一次”,询问频率how old意为“多大”,询问年龄how many意为“多少”,询问可数名词的数量how much意为“多少”,询问不可数名词的数量意为“多少钱”,询问价格二、交通方式的表达动词(短语)1.take a/the+交通工具take a/the subway/bus/train/boat乘地铁公共汽车火车船2.其他表达方式walk 步行ride a/the/ones bike 骑自行车drive a car 开车介词(短语)1.by+交通工具by bike骑自行车by car/bus/train/subway/boat乘车公共汽车火车地铁船2.in/on+限定词十交通工具on the bus 乘公共汽车in a car 乘车3.固定表达方式on foot 步行语法精练I.根据句意填写疑问词(组),完成句子1.- _ does Linda get to school?-She takes the bus.2.- _ _ does it take you to get home from work?-About twenty minutes.3.- _ _ is it from here?-One hundred kilometers.4.-I walk to school. _ about you, Jane?-I ride my bike.5.- _ _ people are there in the photo?-Six.答案:1.How 2.How long 3.How far 4.How 5.How manyII.单项选择1.I usually_ to the bus stop, and then go to school by bus.A. by bikeB. on my bikeC. in my bikeD. ride my bike2.- _ does Bob usually go to work?-He usually rides his bike.A. WhatB. HowC. WhereD. Who3.-Excuse me. _ is it to the East Station?-About half an hour by taxi.A. How manyB. How longC. How farD. How old4.- _ do you visit Uncle Tom?-Once a week.A. How longB. How oftenC. How soon答案:1.D 考查动词短语的用法.句意:我通常骑自行车到公交站,然后坐公交上学.I后面需要一个动词短语.故选D.2.B 考查疑问词辨析.由答语“他通常骑自行车”可知,问句是询问上班的交通方式.故选B.3.C 考查疑问词组辨析.句意:打扰一下.到东站有多远?坐出租车大约半个小时.how many多少;how long 多久;how far多远;how old几岁.故选C.4.B 考查特殊疑问词组辨析.由答语“每周一次”可知,问句是询问“你多久拜访一次汤姆叔叔”.提问频率用how often.故选B.语法精讲4一、祈使句1.祈使句的定义表示请求、命令、建议、警告、劝说等的句子叫祈使句.在祈使句中,肯定句一般以动词原形开头,通常省略主语you;否定句在动词原形前加dont.2.祈使句的句式结构祈使句句式肯定句句式否定句句式P型:Please十动词原形十其他Please stand up.Please dont stand up.V型:动词原形十其他Look at the blackboard.Dont look at the blackboard.L型:Let+宾语十动词原形其他Let her go.Dont let her go./ Let her not go.B型:Be+表语Be careful.Dont be late for class!N型:No+名词动名词No photos! No parking!3.祈使句用法口诀祈使句,祈使句,请求、命令或建议.主语是you常省去,动词原形开头记.否定形式要注意,句首要把dont加.要讲客气用please,句首、句末没关系.二、must和have to辨析1.两者均意为“必须”.must更强调说话者的主观意愿,have to强调客观需要,意为“不得不”.2.must一般只表示现在,没有人称和数的变化;而have to则可以用于不同的时态,有人称和数的变化.3.两者的否定式含义大不相同.mustnt 意为“不准;禁止”,而dont have to意为“不必”.【注意】以must开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答用must;否定回答用neednt或dont have to.语法精练1.用所给单词的适当形式填空1. _ (finish)your homework first.2. _ (not come) to the zoo before 6 oclock, please.3.Please_ (be) quiet in the room.4.No_ (swim) in the river!5.They have to_ (do) their homework when they get home.答案:1.Finish 2.Dont come 3.be 4.swimming 5.doII.单项选择1._ play the guitar here, Jack. Its too noisy.A. CantB. NoC. DontD. Doesnt2.-Jack, _ leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen!-Sorry, Mom.A. cantB. doesntC. dont3._ run in the hallway, children!A. DontB. NotC. Cant4.-Can I go out with Lisa, Dad?-Yes, but you_ come back home before five oclock, Youll have an art lesson then.A. mustB. canC. mustntD. cant5.We_ be noisy in the library and we_ keep the books clean.A. have to; mustB. must; cantC. have to; cantD. cant; have to答案:1.C 考查祈使句.句意:不要在这里弹吉他,杰克.太吵了.祈使句的否定句是“Dont+动词原形”.故选C.2.C 考查祈使句.句意:Jack,不要把脏餐具留在厨房里.抱歉,妈妈.祈使句的否定句是“Dont+动词原形”.故选C.3.A 考查祈使句.句意:孩子们,不要在走廊里跑！祈使句的否定句是“Dont+动词原形”.故选A.4.A 考查情态动词辨析.句意:爸爸,我可以和丽莎出去吗?是的,但你必须在五点钟之前回家.那时你要上一节艺术课.故选A.5.D 考查情态动词辨析.句意:我们不能在图书馆里吵闹,我们必须保持干净.cant不能;have to不得不.故选D.语法精讲5一、形容词形容词修饰名词,用以说明事物或人的性质和特征.它通常在句子中作定语、表语或宾语补足语等.句中成分说明示例定语一般修饰名词,置于名词之前She is a happy girl.她是一个幸福的女孩.表语置于系动词(be, look, feel, sound等)之后,可以被程度副词 very, too等修饰The girl is beautiful.这个女孩很漂亮.宾语补足语说明宾语的状态、特征等What makes you so happy?什么使你这么开心?二、特殊疑问句1.定义及答语特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句,其结构为“特殊疑问词十一般疑问句?”回答特殊疑问句不能用yes或no.回答时要针对具体情况来作出回答.2.特殊疑问词特殊疑问词分为两类:疑问代词和疑问副词,其用法归纳如下:Who意为“谁”,用于对主语(人称代词)进行提问Whom意为“谁”,用于对宾语(人称代词)进行提问When意为“何时”,用于对时间进行提问Where意为“哪里”,用于对具体地点进行提问How意为“怎样”,用于对方式进行提问Why意为“为什么”,用于对原因进行提问What意为“什么”,用于对某人的名字、职业等进行提问Which用于对“哪个;哪些”进行提问【注意】由why引导的特殊疑问句,一般要用because引导的从句来回答.because是连词,作“因为”讲,其后要接一个句子来陈述理由.例如:-Why does she do that?-她为什么要那样做?-Because she wants to help the person.-因为她想帮助那个人.语法精练I.单项选择1.-Dont be_. Jack! Help me clean the room right now!-OK, Mom.A. afraidB. lazyC. shyD. quiet2.-_ is Jenny from?-She comes from the US.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhenD. Where3.- _ do you like this book?-Because its exciting.A. WhyB. WhatC. HowD. Who4.My brother is very_. He can always make new things.A. smartB.busyC. kind5.- _ was the car invented?-It was invented in 1885.A. WhenB. WhichC. WhoD. Where答案:1.B 考查形容词辨析.句意:不要懒惰,杰克！立即帮助我清扫房间！好的,妈妈.afraid害怕的;lazy懒惰的;shy害羞的;quiet安静的.故选B.2.D 考查特殊疑问词辨析.由答语“她来自美国”可知,问句是询问珍妮来自什么地方.对地方提问需用 where.故选D.3.A 考查疑问词辨析.句意:你为什么喜欢这本书?因为它是令人兴奋的.why为什么;what什么;how怎样;who谁.故选A.4.A 考查形容词辨析.句意:我弟弟很聪明.他总是能制作新东西.smart聪明的;busy忙碌的;kind和蔼的.故选A.5.A 考查特殊疑问词辨析.由答语中的“在1885年”可知,问句是询问“汽车是什么时候被发明的”.对时间提问用when.故选A.II.对画线部分提问(每空一词)1.Linda doesnt like mathbecause its difficult._ _ Linda_ math?2.I can seesome bookson the table._ can you_ on the table?3.Mr. Green often goes to workat 7:30 in the morning._ _ Mr. Green often go to work?4.Lions are fromSouth Africa._ _ lions from?5.Most students go to schoolby bus._ _ most students go to school?答案:1.Why doesnt; like 2.What;see 3.When does 4.Where are 5.How do