从句-长难句-商务合同的翻译.doc

第十章 英语从句的翻译 Translation of clauses 一、定语从句的翻译英语中定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。两者之间的区别在于限制意义是强还是弱，前者的限制意义很强，后者的限制意义很弱。定语从句在商务英语中应用较广泛。一般有三种翻译方法：合并法、分译法和混合法。1合并法(1)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。(2) If the Buyer is unable to sell out the amount of goods which he has agreed to purchase from the Seller, the Buyer may reduce the quantity of goods to be delivered to him by giving written notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment is made.如果买方不能销售他已同意从卖方所购数量的货物，买方可以书面通知卖方减少发货数量，再要求卖方发货。(3) Party B guarantees that the technical documents to be supplied by Party B are the latest technical information which has been put into practical used by Party B.乙方保证所提供的技术资料是乙方经过实际使用的最新技术资料。(4)Shipment shall be commenced within 10 months counting from the date when the contract has come into force and completed within 16months.自合同生效之日起计算，10个月内装运，16个月内交付完毕。(5) The party, who sets up a breach of the Contract, shall be under a duty to take all necessary measures to mitigate the loss which has occurred.A违反合同的一方有责任采取所有必要的措施减轻已经发生的损失。（6）There was another man who seemed to have answer, and that was Robert McNamara.另外一个人似乎胸有成竹,那就是麦克纳马拉。2分译法(1)A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能燃烧并放出热量。(2)A healthy diet includes enough but too many kinds of foods that provide thee body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly.健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但不过多。这些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养。(3) The combination of satellites, which transmit information, computer, which store information, and television, which displays information will change every home into and education and entertainment center.传输信息的卫星，储存信息的电脑，显示信息的电视三者的结合会把每一个家庭变成一个教育和娱乐中心。(4)The Seller ensure that all the equipment listed in Appendix One to the Contract are brand-new products whose performance shall be in conformity with the Contract and which are manufactured according to current Chinese National Standards or Manufactures Standard.卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新产品，是根据现行的中国国家标准，或生产厂的标准制造的，其性能符合合同规定。3 混合法（混合法是把原句中的主语和从句溶合在一起译成一个独立的句子）(1)We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。(2)Fortunately, there are some chemical fuel that are clean and smokeless.幸好有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。(3)There was another man who seemed to have answers, and that was Robert MeNamara.另外一个人似乎胸有成竹,那就是麦克纳马拉。二、同位语从句1保持原文的语序He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示期望能再来中国访问。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。2译为类似定语的结构或独成一句Yet, from the beginning the fact that I was alive was ignored.然而，从一开始，我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。3加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼进行翻译（But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是现实考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。That fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains many things.地球引力把一切东西都吸向地心这一事实解释了许多现象。Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics.不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种废物变成塑料。4改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back.已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送回来。Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。However, the writing of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occur.但是，将化学符号写成反应式，并不意味着所表示的反应确实会发生。And there was the possibility that a small electrical sport might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.而且总有这种可能性- 一个小小的电火花,可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路.三、状语从句的翻译英语状语和状语从句的功能可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步和目的等。（1He had scarcely handed me the later when he asked me to read it.他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。e.g. Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.在有疑问的地方做个记号。e.g. The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干燥，作物欠收。e.g. Granted the this true, what conclusion can you draw?假设这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢。e.g. While this is true of some, it is not true of all.虽然有一部分是真的，但不见得都是真的。e.g. We should star early so that we might get there before noon.我们应当早点动身，这样就能在正午之前赶到那里。但在商务英语中，特别是在国际商务合同中，商务合同是合同各方就相互权利义务达成一致意见而订立的书面文件。这种书面文件主要约定双方应享有的权利和应履行的义务，但这种权利的行使和义务的履行，均附有各种条件。当条件成熟时，当事人的权利才能实现，或义务方可履行。1状语(1) in case of e.g. In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.若发生质量索赔，买方的索赔必须在货物到达目的港的30天内提出。(2) in the event ofe.g. In the event of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at will.若总经理和/或副总经理有营私舞弊或严重失职时，董事会有权随时将其撤换。(3) in consideration of 考虑到； 鉴于； 由于e.g. In consideration of the Licenses and technical assistance provided herein, the Joint Venture Company shall pay Party A technical assistance fees in USD.考虑到许可以及在此提供的技术援助，合资公司将以美圆的方式支付甲方技术援助费。(4) subject to 在条件下；根据.规定；在.规定的范围内；以为有效。e.g. Subject to the terms to this Agreement, the Producer agrees to be bound by the terms to the following markrting agreement.在本协议的条件下，制造商同意接受下列销售协议各项条款的约束。2状语从句（1）If the Force Majeure event lasts over 60 days, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract or the undelivered part of the Contract.若不可抗力事件持续60天以上，买方有权撤消本合同或合同中未完成的部分。（2）In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to Arbitration Tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the Arbitration Rules and Pricedure of the said Tribunal.如通过协商仍不能达成协议时，应提交斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院，根据该院的仲裁规则和程序进行仲裁。（3）In the event that deficiencies in the Equipment become evident, such deficiencies shall be corrected by ABC during the two days per week during which the Purchaser will not be testing.若发现设备有缺陷，应由ABC用每周买方不进行试验的这两天时间对设备予以校正。（4）Should any of the stipulations to the Contract be altered, amended, supplemented or deleted, the same shall be negotiated between and agreed upon by both parties and written documents shall be sighed by the representatives of both parties.本合同条款的任何变更、修改或增删，须经双方协商同意，并由双方代表签署书面文件为有效。（5）Neither party shall have the right to represent the other party unless otherwise arranged.除另有安排者外，任何一方无权代表另一方。（unless从句中的主语和动词常be省去。）（6）We can sell a lot of garments provided that your price is highly competitive.如果你方价格很有竞争性，我方就可大量出售。二、 练习1. “Net Selling Price” means the price at which the product is sold by Party B from time to time after deduction of packing, installation and freight charges, trade and quantity discount, commission, insurance and commodity tax, if any, directly applicable of product.2.The Sellers shall not be responsible for delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which has occurred during the manufacturing process or in the course of loading or in transit.3. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.4. When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all or part of his investment, the other party has preemptive right.5. In case the Buyer finds any document incorrect, the buyer is obliged to cable the Seller indicating the incorrect items. The cable shall be sent within 20 days after the Bank of China , Beijing Branch has received the Sellers documents.1. “Net Selling Price” means the price at which the product is sold by Party B from time to time after deduction of packing, installation and freight charges, trade and quantity discount, commission, insurance and commodity tax, if any, directly applicable of product.“净销售价”,是指在扣除合同产品的包装费、安装费、运输费、商业和数量折扣、佣金、保险费和商品税之后，乙方通过销售合同产品的价格。2.The Sellers shall not be responsible for delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which has occurred during the manufacturing process or in the course of loading or in transit. 因为在生产、装运或运输过程中发生的不可抗力事件，卖方对迟交或未交货不负责任。(定语从句转译成状语)3. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。4. When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all or part of his investment, the other party has preemptive right.如果合资公司一方拟转让其全部或部分出资额，另一方有优先购买权。5. In case the Buyer finds any document incorrect, the buyer is obliged to cable the Seller indicating the incorrect items. The cable shall be sent within 20 days after the Bank of China , Beijing Branch has received the Sellers documents. 买方如发现文件有错误时，应在中国银行北京市分行收到卖方文件之日起20天内电告卖方，并指出错误项目。第十二章 英语难句和长句的翻译Teaching Objectives (教学目的):1. To make students understand the importance of translation2. To help the students know the character of long sentences in translation.Teaching Requirements(教学要求): Students are able to get a clear picture of the text . Students are required to master the new words and phrases in this part. Students should read some reading materials and do exercises after class .Teaching methodology(教学方法): Communicative method (交际法) Cognitive method(认知法): Functional and notional method(功能意念法) The grammar-translation method Time Distributive(时间分配)1. Preparation and analyses of the text (2 hours) Analyses of the text A and exercises (1 hours)Focuses in teaching (教学难点)1.Translation of the difficult sentencesTeaching Procedures (教学过程)一、 英汉翻译中译文句式的重组1This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.买卖双方同意按下列条款购买、出售下述商品，并签订本合同。(动作的发出者译为主语)2. But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and-until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he over reached himself-an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.然而,如果没有阿道夫希特勒， 那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。因为阿道夫希特勒有着恶魔般的性格、花岗岩般的意志、不可思议的本能、无情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深远的想象力以及对人和对局势的判断力。这种判断力最后由于权力和胜利冲昏了头脑而自不量力，终于弄巧成拙。分析：这个句子由一个主句，一个非限定性定语从句和一个状语从句组成。插入主句中间的是一个由who引导的非限定性定语从句。这个从句较长，句中又插入了一个用破折号分开的，由until引导时间状语从句。这个状语从句对非限定性定语从句的后面部分作了些补充说明，因而，虽然具有相对的独立意义，仍可根据逻辑关系，将该句译文置于句尾。（全句有两层主要意思：如果没有阿道夫希特勒， 那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国；希特勒在性格、智力、能力等方面具有的某些特点。原文各句的逻辑关系和表达顺序与汉语大致一致，但因从句是插入成分，和汉语表达习惯不同，所以，翻译时顺中有逆，可以综合处理/重组）3. Applied science, on the other hand, is directly concerned with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs of life, and to increasing mans control over his environment, thus leading to the development of techniques, processes and machines.应用科学则直接涉及应用问题。它研究的是如何将纯科学的工作定律应用于实际生活、应用于加强人类对其周围环境的控制，从而导致新技术、新工艺和新机器的产生。二、顺译法1.It was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem that he heard the gate swing to, and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red-cheeked, stupid Joe in swift pursuit.一个星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果园里，一面在听画眉鸟的啁啾，一面写一首爱情诗，忽然听得大门砰地关上，接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔来，后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸的乔。分析：这个句子是由一个强调句（时间），一个状语从句和二个现在分词短语表示伴随的时间状语，还有一个介词短语。2. Four scores and seven years ago our father brought fourth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and the proposition that all men are created equal.87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它以自由为立国之本，奉行所有人生来平等的原则。三、倒置法（按照汉语的逻辑顺序进行翻译）1. And he know how ashamed he would have been if he had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.他出生在这样一类人中间，他出生在这种地方，他有这样的母亲；这些要是让他知道了的话，他知道该多么丢人。分析：这个句子由一个宾语从句，一个条件从句（在从句中的主语用and连接另外两个名词词组作宾语）和两个定语从句。2. In reality, the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred, and science again approaching the “unity” that it had two centuries agoalthough the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it.虽然现在积累起来的知识要多得多，而一个人也只可能了解其中的一小部分，但事实上，各科学之间界线却变得模糊不清，科学再次近似于两百年前那样的“单一整体”。3. And I take heart from the fact that enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.吹嘘能在几小时内就能占领战略要地的敌人,由于一路受到顽强抵抗,甚至还没有能占领外围地带.这一事实使我增强了信心.四、分译法（拆译）1.When Smith was drunk, he used to beat his wife and daughter; and the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fools, his brother painters.史密斯喝醉之后常常打老婆和女儿； 第二天带着头痛发牢骚， 抱怨世人不能赏识他的才华。他痛骂同行的画家都是糊涂虫。话很尖刻，有时候也有道理。分析：这个句子由一个主从复合句（即状语从句）， 一个由And连接起来另一个句子和二个由引起的介词短语作状语。2.Article I of the GATT is the celebrated most favored nation (MFN) clause under which each member nation must give treatment to other member nations imports and exports that is at least as favorable as that applied to the most favored nation.关税及贸易总协定的第一条是著名的最惠国条款，每一个成员国给予其他成员国的进出口货物的待遇至少和给予最惠国的待遇同样的优惠。3. The foreign visitors watched in a fascinated manner the tournament held in Beijing, which exhibited a superb performance in smash service, twist service, steady service, high drop and killing and ended in a draw.外宾观看了在北京举行的这场锦标赛。这场比赛在发扣球、转球、 保险球、吊球和扣杀方面技术都十分精湛，最后打成了平局。他们看得简直人了迷。五、练习1.They (The poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 2.The United Nations Secretary General say he is sure the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors.3. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.4. My mother, Jane Lampton Clements, died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away.参考译文五、练习1. They (The poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.对于以往的几代人来说，旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫苦的手段，而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动。因此，首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。（重组）2. The United Nations Secretary General say he is sure the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors.联合国秘书长说他确信安理会会批准与伊拉克达成的有关联合国武器核查人员的协议。（顺译）3. A great number of graduate students were driven int