医学专业英语--词汇.ppt

Basic Elements of Basic Elements of Medical Words-1Medical Words-1origin of medical English words1.from common English2.from Latin 3.from Greek 4.coinagel1.words coming from common English:whooping cough百日咳lA highly contagious disease of the respiratory system,usually affecting children,that is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and is characterized in its advanced stage by spasms of coughing interspersed with deep,noisy inspirations.lAlso called pertussisl 百日咳 pinkeye/epidemic keratoconjunctivitis(角膜结膜炎)lknock-knee/genu valgum(膝内翻)lathletes foot/tinea pedis足廯lpiles/hemorrhoids(痔疮)llockjaw/tetanus(破伤风)lfits/convulsion(惊厥）lFever发热;short-sight近视;lconsumption 肺痨（消耗）nettle rash;风疹lstroke;中风 baldness;lindigestion;消化不良 blister;水疱，砂眼lSwelling肿;measles麻疹lRabies狂犬病;windpipe气管Words coming from Latinhuman bodyanatomyfunction or statuscerebrum(脑）ala（翼）rigor（寒战）pelvis（骨盆）plexus（丛）stuporcornea（角膜）plica（皱襞）nausea humerus（肱骨）fossa（窝）tonus（肌肉的强直性,强直性痉挛）lcapita（头）lcervix (颈）lbronchus（支气管）lAbdomen腹部，腹腔lbrachium(臂）laorta（主动脉）los（骨）lremember them:lcutis（真皮）lfascia（筋膜）corpuslgenu（膝）vertebra（椎骨）llabium（唇）lsinus（窦）Words coming from Greeklthorax（胸）liris（虹膜）lmetra（子宫）lcolon（结肠）lstenosis（狭窄）lstasis（停滞）lptosis（下垂）lectopia（异位）other common medical words from Greeklstoma（口，小空）soma（身体，躯干）glottis（声门）lderma（真皮）llarynx（喉）lnephron（肾单位）lrachis（脊柱）lpharynx（咽）lphalanx（指骨）coinagelTularemia(Tulare；a place in California)（土拉菌病,兔热病；野兔病）lCushing Disease(first discovered by Harvey Cushing)lVen De berghs test(to test icterus and liver disease)some common coinageslAlzheimers disease/presenile dementia l(早老性痴呆）lGravess disease/exophthalmic goiterl（突眼性甲状腺肿）lParkinsons disease/paralysis agitansl（震颤麻痹）lAddisons disease/chronic hypoadrenocorticisml（慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退）lPotts disease/spinal caries（脊柱骨疽）basic elements of medical words1.root(base)2.affixes:prefixes suffixes3.Vowels元音 thats join the parts above mentionedSome examples of roots(bases)Word Root MeaningEpigraphic碑文的graphwritingAtrophy萎缩trophnourishing Some examples of roots(bases)Word Root MeaningLobotomy额叶切除术Lob(e)A subdivision of a bodily organ or part bounded by fissures,connective tissue,or other structural boundaries.Word RootMeaningUrology泌尿学ur(ine)waste,fluid,acid product secreted by the kidneysIrotomy虹膜切开术ir(is)pigmented,round,contractile membrane of the eye,pericardiotomy 心包切开术cardioheart nephrotomy肾切开术 nephrkidneyl The combing vowellFind the combing vowels in the following words:lgeograph y地理lMetropolis大都市lOrthodox正统的lMonotonous单调的lAnthology诗集loptometrist(验光师)lUrology泌尿学lHydrotherapy水疗法lAuriscope耳镜lCentigrade摄氏lMilimeter毫米lPelvimeter骨盆测量器 prefix and suffixSome common prefixes from Greeka an(without)anemia（贫血）anaerobe（厌氧细菌）pro(before）proenzyme（前酶；酶原）prognosis（预后）meta(after)metapneumonic（肺炎后的）metastasis（转移）endo(inside)endocrine（内分泌）endoderm（内皮）ecto(outside)ectopia（异位）ectocardia（异位心）en,em(in,into)endemic（地方性的）exo(out of)exocrine（外分泌）hypo(under,below)hypothermia（低温）hypothyroidism（甲状腺机能减退）hyper(over,above)hyperdontia（牙过多）peri (around)pericardium（心包）para (beside,near)paramedical（准医学的）anti(against)antibiotic（抗生素）antipyretic（退热剂）syn,sym,syl (together,with)syndrome（综合症）symbiosis（共生）epi(on)epidemic（流行病）Some common prefixes from Latinin(without)insomnia(失眠）in somnia睡梦 indigestion（消化不良）ante(before)antenatal（出生前的）pre(before)prealveolar（牙槽前的）prediastole（舒张前期）post(after)postmortem（死后）postpartum（产后）intra intracellular（细胞内的）intravenous（静脉内的）lextra(outside)extradental(牙外的）l extraoral（口外的）lin(into)inoculation（接种）l invasion（入侵）lex(out of)excretion（排泄）l expiration（呼气；终止）lsub(below,under)subnormal（低于正常的l sublingual（舌下的）linfra(below,beneath)infrasonic（听阈下的）l infrapsychic（精神阈下的）Some common suffixes from Greeklia （状态）anorexia（厌食）lism（状态，理论)l autism（孤僻症）l giantism（巨型）losis（状态，增多）l leukocytosis（白细胞增多）lin （素）l insulin（胰岛素）fibrin（纤维素）lgen,genic,genesisl(原；产生：的；产生）lfibrinogen（纤维蛋白原）llactogenic（乳生成的）ltropic,tropism l（亲：的；促：的）l hydrotropic（向水的）llphobia,phobic（恐怖）lhydrophobia（恐水病）lphilia,philiclchromophilia(嗜染性）lphotophilic（嗜光的）Competing formslalso called duplication.luse both Greek and Latin as sources for medical word bases.three types of competing forms :l1)those that have the same base but different combing vowels;l2)two forms of the same base;l3)two bases with the same meaning.(one from Greek,one from Latin)1)those that have the same base but different combing vowelsexample:Bronchial支气管的 bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎 Oviduct输卵管 ovoplasm卵浆 l2)two forms of the same base;l example:lHemorrhage出血 hematology血液学 lIrotomy虹膜切开术 iridomalacia虹膜软化l l3)two bases with the same meaning.l(one from Greek,one from Latin)lsynonym:denote the same object,process,condition,or functionl example Latin Greek Meaning dentist 牙医 odont olog ist teethlacrimal 泪腺dacry o cysttearoral 口的stomat o pathymouth exerciseslGive the meanings of the words given below:l dentist odontologist llacrimal dacryocystloral stomatopathylhemolhematolhematopoiesis（造血）lhematocyte（血细胞）lhematodynamics（血液动力学）lsanguilsanguification（造血）lsanguineous（血液充足的）lsanguivorous(食血的）lsanguine（面色红润的；充满希望的）lsanguinary（血腥的；嗜血成性的lsomatolmedical words:lSomatology人体学 common wordlsomaticlcorp(corpus)lcorpor(corpora)lcorpselcorporeal lcorporeal punishmentlcorpulent（肥胖的）lcorps（军团）lcorporationlCl）Greek roots:can combine freely and causally same kinds:oto-rhino-laryngo-logy(耳鼻喉科）psycho-neurotic（精神神经病的）different kinds pan-col-ectomy（全结肠切除术）poly-dys-plas-ia（多种发育障碍）l）Latin rootslusually combined between the same kinds:lauri-nasallLabio-dental