初中被动语态讲解.ppt

Cindy1-英英语动词有两种有两种语态：主主动语态(theActiveVoice)被被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主主动语态表示主表示主语是是动作的作的执行者行者。B.被被动语态表示主表示主语是是动作的作的承受者承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.注：后面能接注：后面能接宾语的的动词才有被才有被动语态2-WespeakEnglish.主主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主主语谓语宾语主主动语态被被动语态Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天他昨天他们打打扫了教室。了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.昨天教室被他昨天教室被他们打打扫了。了。3-1.一般一般现在在时：is/am/are+及物及物动词的的过去分去分词2.一般一般过去去时：was/were+及物及物动词的的过去分去分词3.现在在/过去完成去完成时：has/have/had+been+及物及物动词的的过去分去分词4.一般将来一般将来时：will+be+及物及物动词的的过去分去分词5.含有情含有情态动词：情：情态动词+be+及物及物动词的的过去分去分词6.现在在进行行时：am/is/are+being+及物及物动词的的过去分去分词歌歌诀：被：被动语态be字字变，过去分去分词跟后面跟后面4-(一一)被被动语态动语态基本用法基本用法:当句子的当句子的主主语语是是动动作的作的执执行者行者时时，谓语谓语的形式是的形式是主主动语态动语态。当句子的主当句子的主语语是是动动作的作的承受者承受者时时，谓语谓语要用要用被被动语态动语态。被。被动动语态语态由助由助动词动词bebe+过过去分去分词词构构成，成，时态时态通通过过bebe表表现现出来。出来。5-be+过去分去分词(二二)被被动语态的基本的基本结构构:有各种有各种时态的的变化化6-1.1.规则动词的的过去分去分词：1)1)一般情况在一般情况在动词原形后原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不以不发音音e e结尾的加尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以以辅音加音加y y结尾的，去尾的，去y y变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重以重读闭音音节结尾，末尾只有一个尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不不规则动词的的过去分去分词：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone动词过去分去分词的的变化化:7-1.Now English _ by more and more people all over the word.A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken一般一般现在在时的被的被动语态：主主语+am/is/are+PP8-2.The lost boy _ at the street corner last night.A.was found B.is found C.was looked for一般一般过去去时的被的被动语态：主主语+was/were+PP9-3.More man-made satellites _ in the future.A.will send up B.will be sent up C.are sent up一般将来一般将来时的被的被动语态：主主语+will+be+PP主主语+be going to+be+PP10-4.Three bridges _ since last year.A.have built B.were built C.have been built现在完成在完成时的被的被动语态：主主语+have/has+been+PP11-5.Flowers _ every day.A.has been watered B.should be watered C.should water含有情含有情态动词的被的被动语态：情情态动词+be+PP12-(四四)主主动语态变被被动语态:(1)(1)把把原原来的来的宾语提到前面作被提到前面作被动语态的的主主语;(2)(2)把把谓语动词变成成被被动结构构(bebe过去分去分词)()(根根据被据被动语态句子里的主句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来的人称和数，以及原来主主动语态句子中句子中动词的的时态来决定来决定bebe的形式的形式)。(3)(3)把主把主动语态中的中的主主语放在介放在介词byby之后作之后作宾语，将将主格主格改改为宾格格。如：。如：Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesinthefactory.are madethemby13-主主变被步被步骤:1.找找宾语:即即动作的承受者作的承受者(改改为主主语)Hewashedhiscaryesterday.Hiscar3.判断判断新主新主语的的单复数复数:确定确定be动词的的单复数复数.be4.判断判断动词的的时态:即即be动词的的时态.2.修改修改谓语的的语态:即即be+原原V.过去分去分词washed5.修改原句的主修改原句的主语:即即by+主主语(变宾格格).(byhim)yesterday.iswaswas14-1.Tombrokethewindow.Thewindow2.Shebrokethewindows.Thewindows3.Hecleanstheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomwasbroken byTom.werebrokenbyher.iscleaned byhimbe动词的的单复数复数变化化:everyday.15-1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkintendays.willbefinished(bythem)2.Theyaregoingtohaveashowtomorrow.Ashow isgoingtobehad(bythem)tomorrow.16-1.AmycantakegoodcareofthecatThecat canbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.2.Theyshouldsingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongsbythem.shouldbesung 17-(四四)被被动语态的特殊情况的特殊情况:1.在主在主动语态中中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等等词,其后跟省略其后跟省略to的的动词不定式不定式(动词原形原形),在在变为被被动语态时,必必须还原原动词不不定式符号定式符号to.如如:1)Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.Hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom.2)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.3)Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseentowalktoschool.18-Atrafficaccident_(happen)justnow.happened2.连系系动词（Link.v.)如：如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,becomePekingOpera_(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此当此动词表示表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的的时候候:Thepen_(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_(sell)well.sells1.不及物不及物动词（vi.)如如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,不用被不用被动语态的的动词：19-(表示主表示主语的自然属性特征的自然属性特征)+副副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常常见动词：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,Thebooks_wellA.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth_easilyA.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed20-1.Manyaccidents_bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause2.Anofficial_bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed3.Todayalotofinformationcan_online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving4.Imgladtofindthatmanytrees_inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted21-5.DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.A.allowsB.doesntallowC.isallowedD.isntallowed6.Dontworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept7.ItstruethatShakespearesplay_bysomanypeopleeveryyear.A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseen22-Correcting mistakeCorrectthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?23-4)Classisbegunat7:30everyday5)Hisplanissoundedgood24-1.树树要在春天种要在春天种;2.树树坑要挖得坑要挖得够够大大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把把树树放放进进坑里坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用脚用脚踩实;5.在旁在旁边边插一根插一根坚实坚实的的长长棍子棍子,并且保并且保证棍棍子插直了子插直了;6.用用绳绳子子（rope）把棍子和把棍子和树绑树绑起来起来7.浇浇好水好水.根据提示写一篇以根据提示写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?为题目的短文，要求内容目的短文，要求内容齐全，上全，上下文下文连贯。尽量使用。尽量使用被被动语态动语态，80词左右。左右。1.树树要在春天要在春天种种;2.树树坑要坑要挖挖得得够够大大,但不要但不要太深太深;3.把把树树放放进进坑里坑里,扶直扶直;4.把把泥泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用脚脚踩实踩实;5.在旁在旁边边插插一根一根坚坚实实的的长长棍子棍子,并且并且保保证证棍子插棍子插直直了了;6.用用绳绳子（子（rope）把把棍子棍子和和树树绑绑起来起来7.浇浇好水好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe tied to withbe watered well Trees must be planted in Spring.The hole must be dug large enough but not too deep.Put the tree into the hole and it must be kept straight.Push the earth back to the hole and it must be pushed hard with your feet.Knock a long and strong stick into the earth beside the tree and it must be kept straight.Trees can be tied to the stick with a rope.And they must be watered well.