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. A . 尺寸，形状缺陷铸造缺陷casting defects 尺寸超差impropershrinkage allowance 尺寸不合格wrong size 模样错误excess rappingof pattern, deformed pattern, pattern error 壁厚不均differentthickness 铸型下垂mold sag 错型mold shift,shift, miss-match, cross-joint 舂移ram off, ramaway 塌型mold drop,drop off, drop out, drop sticker 上型下沉，沉芯sag( 上型和型芯下垂导致壁厚减小）飞翅fins, joint flash 翘曲warp age,buckling, warping, camber 铸件变形warped casting 挤箱push up,cramp-off 型裂broken mold,cracked 掉砂crush ofmold, crush 变形deformation,casting distortion, warped casting B. 缩孔（由凝固收缩引起) 缩孔shrinkage,shrinkaged cavity 内部缩孔internalshrinkage, dispersed shrinkage, blind shrinkage 敞露缩孔open shrinkage,external shrinkages, sink marks, depression 缩松porosity, shrinkage porosity,leakers, micro shrinkage, disperded shrinkage 缩陷sink marks,draw, suck-in 芯面缩孔core shrinkage 内角缩孔cornershrinkage, fillet shrinkage 出汗孔extruded bead,exudation 线状缩孔fissure likeshrinkage C. 气体缺陷（由气体引起的孔）气孔blowholes,gas hole, blow 针孔pinholes 裂纹状缺陷，线状缺陷fissure defects D. 裂纹裂纹crack 缩裂shrinkage crack 季裂seasoncracking, season crack 应力热裂hot cracking,hot tearing, hot tear 淬火裂纹quench crack,quenching crack 应力冷裂cold cracking,breakage, cold tearing, cold tear 龟裂crack 激冷层裂纹，白裂chill crack E. 夹杂物夹渣slaginclusion, slag blowholes 砂眼sandinclusion, raised sand, sand hole 其他夹杂物the other inclusion 胀砂push up,cramp-off, sand hole 掉砂crush, crushof mold 硬点hard spot 浮渣dross ( 浇注后在铸型内形成的缺陷，尤其是石墨、氧化物和硫化物的线状缺陷的总称，另外，浇注过程中被卷进去的缺陷成为夹渣和砂眼，两者的区别是形成原因不同）石墨浮渣graphite dross,carbon dross 氧化皮夹渣oxide dross, oxideinclusion, skins, seams 硫化物熔渣sulfide dross 沉淀物sludge 夹渣物sand inclusion,oxide inclusion, skins, seams 黑点，黑渣black spots,lustrous carbon 涂料夹渣blacking,refractory coating inclusions 光亮碳膜lustrous carbonfilms, kish tracks F. 外观缺陷浇不足misrun, shortrun, cold lap, cold shut 冷隔cold shut,cold laps 轻度冷隔seam 两重皮plate 皱皮surface fold,gas run, elephant skin, seams, scare, flow marks 漏箱run-out,runout, break-out, bleeder 漏芯mold drop,stiker 未浇满short pours,short run, poured short 气孔blowholes, blow 飞翅fins，joint flash 胀砂，气疱swell, blister 芯撑未融合chaplet shut,insert cold shut, unfused chaplet 热粘砂burn in 热痕flow marks 内渗豆，冷豆，冷隔internal sweating, coldshot, shot iron 外渗物sweating 磷化物渗豆phosphide sweat 铅渗豆lead sweat 锡渗豆tin sweat 掉砂rat, sticker （型砂的一部分附着在模样上而形成的表面缺陷） G. 型芯缺陷砂芯断裂crushed core,broken core 砂芯压碎broken core 芯面缩孔core blow 砂芯缩孔core blow 砂芯下垂sag core,deformed core 砂芯弯曲deformed core 漂芯shiftedcore, core raise, raised core, mold element cutout 偏芯core shift H. 表面缺陷沾砂burn on,sand burning, burn in , penetration 粘型（金属型）fusion 两重皮laminations ,plat 机械粘砂penetration ,metal penetration 夹渣结疤scabs ,expansion scabs , corner scab 表面粗糙rough casting ,rough surface 鼠尾buckle , rattail 涂料结疤blacking scab ,wash scabs 烘干不足sever surface ,wash scabs 熟痕surfacedefect casting by combination of gas and shrinkage ( 在靠近厚断面处形成下陷的蛇状伤痕）涂料剥落wash erosion 气疱blister ,surface or subsurface blow hole 表面粗糙rough surface ,seems , scars 起皮stripping 剥落结疤pull down ,spalling scab 伤痕crow’s feet 麻面pittingsurface , orange peel , alligator skin 热裂痕surface folds, gas runs 泡疤表面surface folds ,gas runs 象皮状皱皮surface fold , gasrun , elephant skin 皱皮surface fold, gas run , seams , scare , flow marks 波纹wave 冲砂wash 冲蚀erosion I. 组织缺陷（铸铁) 球化不良poor nodularity, degenerated graphite 蠕墨化不良degeneratedgraphite 异常石墨abnormalgraphite 开花状石墨exploded graphite 过冷石墨under cooledgraphite , D-type graphite 石墨细小颗粒chunky graphite 石墨粗大kish graphite ,kish 整列石墨aligned graphite 石墨漂浮floated graphite 石墨魏氏组织Widmannstattengraphite 麻口mottled cast iron , mottle 灰点mottle 反麻口inverse mottle ( 与麻口相反，在薄断面处和尖角处形成的麻口）白口chill 反白口reverse chill , inverse chill 冷豆extruded bead , exudation ,internal sweating 退火不足miss annealing , incomplete annealing 粗大枝晶组织coarsened dendritic 反偏析inverse segregation 比重偏析gravity segregation 溶质偏析solute segregation 宏观偏析macroscopic segregation 微观偏析microscopic segregation J. 断口缺陷表面铁素体ferrite rim 表面珠光体pearlite rim 白缘，脱碳pearlitic rim , picture frame , pearlitelayer 不均匀断口heterogeneous fractured surface 破碎激冷层scattered chill structure , cold flakes 晶粒粗大rough grain 尖钉状断口spiky fractured surface 冰糖状断口rock candy fracture surface K. 力学性能缺陷硬点hard spot ( 对铸件，硬点是硬区、白口或冷豆等力学性能缺陷的总称；对铝合金，硬点是铸件内各种高硬度相，如初晶Si相、金属间化合物、氧化物，偏析等总称）硬度不良poor hardness , too high or lowhardness L. 使用性能缺陷腐蚀性不良poor corrosion resistance 切削性不良poor machinability 麻点torn surface 锌晶间腐蚀zinc intergranular corrosion 电导率不良poor electrical conductivity M. 其他缺陷残留飞翅residual fin 残留黑皮residualblack skin 浇道冒口断口缺肉broken casting at gate , riser or vent 端部缺肉inside cut 切口缺肉（压铸件）inside cut 翘曲( 喷丸引起）camber, excessive cleaning 铸件弯曲( 铸件变形）warped casting , casting distortion , deformed mold , mold creep 打磨缺肉crow’s feet 铸造管理缺陷裂纹crack 压痕impression 残留物型砂残留sand inclusions 喷丸粒残留residual shot 锌蒸汽向炉壁渗透zinc infiltration into refractory 精选范本

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