医学系统解剖学英文课件-血液.ppt

Chapter 5 blood and hematopoiesis一一.Blood（血液）（血液）erythrocytes(red blood cell,RBC)red fluid cell leukocytes(white blood cells,WBC)platelets connective tissue extracellular matrix-plasma PlasmaLeukocytes&PlateletsErythrocytecomponents same as that of plasma but fibrinogen90%wateralbumin(白蛋白)10%others:fibrinogen(纤维蛋白原)plasmapr.Enzymes(酶)Ig.etc.Lipid hormones Vitamins inorganicsalts metabolites1.Plasma（血浆）（血浆）serumBlood clotsSerum(血清血清)1）Erythrocyte or RBC(红细胞):characteristics：1.1.7.5-8.5um in diameter,biconcave disc in SEM;7.5-8.5um in diameter,biconcave disc in SEM;and round with a pale central portion in LM,2.6um and round with a pale central portion in LM,2.6um thick in the rim and 0.8um thin in the center.thick in the rim and 0.8um thin in the center.male 4.2 5.41012/L female 3.55.01012/L2.Blood Cells 2.No nucleus&organelles;but be full of hemoglobin,Hb(血血红蛋白蛋白).Hb：male 120150g/L female 105135g/L anemia:RBC 3.0 1012/L -Hb 100 g/L Function：carry and transport the oxygen and carbon dioxide CO2 Lung (breathe out)tissue O2 (breathe in)Erythrocyte or RBC:4.antigen of blood type:According to the composition of A,B antigen in the plasmalemma of RBCs,four blood types are divided as A,B,O,AB.It is better to transfuse blood to same blood type person.3.flexible:permitting RBC to squeeze through small diameter of capillaries.5.the life span of RBC:120 days;Erythrocyte or RBC:Reticulocyte(网织红细胞):1.1.immature RBC from immature RBC from bone marrow bone marrow 2.contain residual 2.contain residual ribosomesribosomes in in cytoplasm(bluecytoplasm(blue granules)granules)3.life span is 1-3 days3.life span is 1-3 daysadult:0.51.5%infant:36%2).Leukocytes(WBC,白细胞)vv Spherical,nucleate&colorlessv Contain specific or nonspecific granulesv Ameboid movement chemotaxisv Phagocytosis except for lymphocytesv Involved in defense against foreign materialsGeneral characteristics:Leukocytes:4 410101010 101010109 9/L/L neutrophilneutrophil505070%70%GranulocyteGranulocyteeosinophileosinophil114%4%(有粒白细胞有粒白细胞)basophilbasophil0.51%0.51%AgranulocyteAgranulocytelymphocyte20lymphocyte2040%40%(无粒白细胞无粒白细胞)monocytemonocyte226%6%A.Neutrophil(中性粒细胞)D=1012m;Nucleus:polymorphous25lobes(3)increasew/theageofthecells.SpecificGranules:80%,fine(0.30.4m)(特殊颗粒特殊颗粒)neutrophilic(lightreddish)Azurophilicgranules:20%,larger,purple(嗜天青颗粒嗜天青颗粒)E.M.l lSpecific.Granules:medium-densecontainingA.K.P,phagocytinslysozymesl lAzurophilicGranules:lysosomescontainingA.C.P.peroxidase Function Mobility(chemotaxis):Attractedbychemicalmediator Phagocytize&destroybacteria:thenumberofleukocytes acute the%ofneutrophilsbacteria infection*cellmark:peroxidaseandCD1515B.Eosinophil(嗜酸性粒细胞)D D=10=1015m;15m;Nu.:Nu.:bilobesbilobesSpecific.GranulesSpecific.Granules.:.:uniformity,uniformity,large(0.5large(0.51.01.0mm),),evenlydistribute,evenlydistribute,refractilerefractilegranulesstaingranulesstainbrightredororangebrightredororange(acidophilic)acidophilic)n nSpecific.GranulesSpecific.Granules.:.:LysosomeLysosome:ovoid,:ovoid,granulematrix&agranulematrix&a elongatedcrystalloidcoreelongatedcrystalloidcoren nContaining:Containing:acidacidphosphatasephosphatase(ACP),(ACP),peroxidaseperoxidase,histaminasehistaminase.E.M.EosinophilFunctionChemotaxisChemotaxis:attractedbyattractedbychemotacticchemotacticfactorfromfactorfromthemastcellsthemastcells PhagocytizePhagocytize:foreignbodies,foreignbodies,Ag-Ag-AbAbcomplexcomplexReleaseReleasehistaminasehistaminase:inactivatehistamineforinactivatehistamineforweakeningallergicreactionweakeningallergicreactionAntiparasiteAntiparasite *ItisincreasedinpatientsinfectedwithallergicItisincreasedinpatientsinfectedwithallergicreactionorparasitereactionorparasite C.Basophil(嗜碱性粒细胞)D=10 12m Nucleus:irregularorS-shapedS.G.:large(varioussize),basophilic(darkpurple),covernucleus,distributeunevenly&metachromasiaEM&FunctionE.M.:E.M.:Specific.GranuleSpecific.Granule:fine grains,fine grains,containingheparin,containingheparin,histamine,histamine,ECFECFFunction:Function:anticoagulateanticoagulateresponsibletoresponsibletoallergicreactionallergicreactionD.Lymphocyte(淋巴细胞)3 types:3 types:small small 6 68m;8m;medium-sized medium-sized 9 912m;12m;l large arge 131320m20mSmall lymphocyteSmall lymphocyte(90%)(90%):LM:Round or ovoid;LM:Round or ovoid;NucleusNucleus.:.:spherical withspherical with indentation,indentation,condensed chromatin condensed chromatin,dark,dark staining.staining.CytoplasmCytoplasm:scantyscanty,as a thinas a thin rim in light-blue rim in light-blue with with azurophilicazurophilic granules granules lacking lacking peroxidaseperoxidase Large lymphocytemedium lymphocytesmall lymphocyte Classification*Function#T-Cell:75%cellularimmunityB-Cell:10-15%humoralimmunitylargegranulelymphocyte(K&NKcell)*basedonthesource,characteristicsoncellularmembrane,life&function#immunologicaldefense Classification&Functionuu Largest,1420m,bluish-greystaininguNucleus:ovoidorkidney-orhorseshoe-shapedwithdelicatenet-likechromatin,eccentricallyplaceduCytoplasm:abundant,grayblue,withfineazurophilicgranulesE.Monocyte(单核细胞)E.M:azurophilicgranules:lysosomeslysosomes(peroxidaseperoxidase,A.C.P.,non-specificesterase);A.C.P.,non-specificesterase);PhagocyticPhagocyticvacuolesvacuoles Function:qqameboidameboidmovementmovement&obvious&obviouschemotaxischemotaxisqqPhagocytosisPhagocytosis(mono-(mono-nuclearnuclearphagocyticphagocytic system,MPS)system,MPS)qqdifferentiateintodifferentiateintomacrophage(outB.V.)macrophage(outB.V.)*mark:CD*mark:CD1414Monocyte 100-400 x109/L Megakaryocytesfragment,inclumps LM:24m，bicontexdiscorirregular,anucleated.Tworegions:Granulomere(颗粒区颗粒区):centrally-located,purple-bluegranules.Hyalomere(透明区透明区):peripherallylocated,inlight-blue.3）Blood platelet(血小板)cell coat:rich inGSG&glycoproteins associated to platelet adhesion;microtubule system:a.opening tubule system(开放小管系统开放小管系统开放小管系统开放小管系统):):to increase the surface area for platelet adhesion.b.dense tubule system(致密小管系统致密小管系统致密小管系统致密小管系统):):SER,support,collect Ca 2+and synthesize prostaglandin E.M.:actinactin-like M.F:-like M.F:mobile.mobile.granulesgranules:a.granulesa.granules (special granules):(special granules):containing containing blood blood clotting factorsclotting factors,fibrinogenfibrinogen&acidic&acidic hydrolaseshydrolases.b.dense granules:b.dense granules:serotonin(5-HT)serotonin(5-HT),ADP,ATP,ADP,ATP,CaCa2+2+&adrenineadrenineFunction1.Hemostasia:collagenous fiber in injure area platelet release serotonin constraction of b.v.slow&stop bleeding.2.Coagulation:thrombogen coagulation factor III thrombase Fibrinogen Fibrin hemocyte coagulation3.Protect blood vessel endothelium,repairing endothelium,prevent atherosclerosis二二.Hematopoiesis(血细胞发生血细胞发生)l life span:RBC-120 day WBC-days,weeks,yearsl hematopoiesis in embryo:2th week blood islets(yolk sac)6th week liver 12th week spleen 16th week bone marrow 2.stromal cell(基基质质细细胞胞):macrophage,fat cell,mesenchymal cells,fibroblast,HIM:hematopoietic inductive microenvironment(造造血血诱诱导微环境导微环境)Hematopoietic tissue(造血组织造血组织):1.reticular tissue(网状组织网状组织)3.blood cells at different stage of development:1).Structure of red bone marrow:Blood sinosoid(血窦血窦):1.endothelium:2.fenestrated 2.basement membrane:incomplete 2)Hemotopoietic stem cell(HSC)and Hemotopoietic progenitor cell(HPC)造血干细胞和造血祖细胞HHemotopoieticemotopoietic stem cell stem cell self-replication self-replication powerful proliferation powerful proliferationpotency potency multi-differentiation multi-differentiation Myeloid stem cell Myeloid stem cell Lymphoid stem cell Lymphoid stem cellPotencyPotency Mark:CD34,CDw Mark:CD34,CDw9090Hemotopoietic progenitor c.Unipotential or bipotential Produce mature blood c.Erythrocyte series granulocyte-monocyte series megakaryocyte series lymphocyte series*Tlymphocytesmatureinlymphaticorgans&tissues3).Blood formation 1.Developing stages:u primitive stage(原始阶段原始阶段)u young stage(幼稚阶段幼稚阶段)u mature stage(成熟阶段成熟阶段)2.Morphological change rules(形态演变规律形态演变规律):1).cell body:large small,except megakaryocyte2).nucleus:large small,RBC disappear nucleolus:more few disappear3).cytoplasm:little more basophilia:strong weak special granules:no more much more4).division capability:own no,except for lymphocyte3.Developing process:l erythropoiesis(红细胞发生红细胞发生):l granulopoiesis(粒细胞发生粒细胞发生):l monopoiesis(单核细胞发生单核细胞发生):l thrombopoiesis(血小板发生血小板发生):Proerythroblast(原红细胞)early erythroblast(早幼红细胞)late erythroblast(晚幼红细胞)Erythropoiesisintermediate erythroblast(中幼红细胞)lGranulopoiesis:Myeloblast(原粒细胞)Promyelocyte(早幼粒细胞)Myelocyte(中幼粒细胞)Metamyelocyte(晚幼粒细胞)Mb:Mb:原粒原粒原粒原粒Pm:Pm:早幼粒早幼粒早幼粒早幼粒MbMbM,Ma,Mb:M,Ma,Mb:中幼粒中幼粒中幼粒中幼粒M1M1：晚幼粒晚幼粒晚幼粒晚幼粒lMonopoiesis:monoblast(原单核细胞原单核细胞)promonocyte(幼单核细幼单核细胞胞)monocyte(单核细胞单核细胞)l l Thrombopoiesis:megakaryoblast(原巨核细胞原巨核细胞)promegakaryocyte(幼巨核细胞幼巨核细胞)megakaryocyte(巨核细胞巨核细胞):cytoplasmplatelet 40-70m,lobate nucleus numerous platelet granules,smooth endoplasmic reticulum-reticular tubules.one cell 2000 platelets