完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图.doc

第四章 虚拟语气 （一） 状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：从句（条件）主句（目的）表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）If I had time, I would attend the meeting.主语+would(should could might)+动词原型表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句If+主语+had+动词的过去分词If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过去分词表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形If I were to go abroad, I would go to America.主语+would（could should might）+动词原型错综时间条件句主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。She would have died without my help.。条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。例：原句：1: If she were younger, she,would do it.去if：Were she younger, she would do it.2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him.去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。He treats the boy as if he were his own son.2. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。He spoke as if he had known about it.3 表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形He acts as if he could win in the game .注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例：He looks as if he going to be ill.2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气（should）+动词原型例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.2.The game will be put off in case it snows.（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。I wish (that) I were a bird.对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。I wish (that) I wouldcould go.在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定，命令”的：decide, order注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested (暗示）that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted 【坚持认为】that he had never stolen the money.Would rather，had rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反I would rather you told me the truth.用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原型2.would rather.than中用动词原型I would rather do it by myself.Iwouldratherwatch TV at homethango to the cinema.主语从句中的虚拟语气“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.”结构中的虚拟语气表达形式为should+动词原形或省略shouldIts quite necessary that we should have a walk now. 常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例：I dont think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).在“It is (was)+名词+that.”结构句中的虚拟语气表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。二表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。 在It is (about/high) time+that 定语从句中的虚拟语气表示“该做.的时候了”其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型It is high time that you went / should go to school.注意：在this is the first time/ second time that.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.二 选择题1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today -I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible -Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to workB. Had he workedC. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. areB. wereC. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. comeD. had come17. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helpedD. were, would have helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climbB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news -I would as soon you _her about it A. didnt tellB. dont tell C. hadnt tellD. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayedB. could stay C. has stayedD. stay22. It was requested that the play _againA. should put on B. would put onC. be put onD. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness-Yes, but _itA. Id rather not doB. Id rather not have doneC. I should t doD. Id better not do25. If only I _my carA. hadnt lostB. wouldnt loseC. didnt loseD. havent lost26. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earthA. isB. wouldC. wereD. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _anything about it for the time beingA. doB. didnt doC. dontD. didnt28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. isB. wereC. had beenD. should be29. How the old people wish that they _young once moreA. wereB. could becomeC. had beenD. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had held31. The thief closed his eyes _ he _dyingA. even if , wasB. though, would beC. even, had beenD. as if, were32. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had notB. did not have hadC. hadnt hadD. hadnt have33. The chairman insisted that we _the question againA. will discussB. to discussC. should discussD. will be discussed34. He requested that the students _them get in cropsA. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rulesA. obeysB. ObeyC. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I _here thenA. wasB. had beenC. wereD. would be37. It is strange that he _back so earlyA. came B. will comeC. had comeD. should have come38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TVA. did B. doC. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest SundayA. be putB. putC. should putD. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ thereA. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before elevenA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. -Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to-Dont call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. doB. didntC. didD. dont43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morningA. would, have washedB. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washingD. could have, had washing44. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had triedB. hadnt triedC. have triedD. didnt try45. -How could I thank you enough? -Dont mention it. Any other man _itA. must doB. could do C. would have doneD. should have done46. Key European governments insist Iraqs co-operation _ good and military action_ to allow inspections to continueA. be, be delayed B. is, delayC. should be, be delayedD. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, _more deathsA. it would have beenB. it would beC. there would beD. there would have been48. What the customers_ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes.A. requested, deliver B. demand, be deliveredC. request, should deliverD. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _ the society will be in disorderA. made unpunishedB. came unpunishedC. went unpunishedD. not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we _lateA. would beB. wereC. will beD. would have been51. Supposing he never _, what would happen thenA. comeB. cameC. would comeD. will come52. What do you think his proposal that we _ a play at the English meetingA. had put onB. should put onC. have put onD. will put on53. I hope that you _ rightA. will beB. should beC. wereD. would be54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I _of service to youA. amB. have beenC. should beD. would be55. He insisted that we _early the next morningA. startB. startedC. would startD. had started56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. had comeD. came57. We _last night, but we went to the cinema insteadA. must have studiedB. might studyC. would studyD. would have studied58. If it _the snow, we _the Simian Mountain last weekA. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb C. had not been , could have climbedD. had not been, could climb答案1-10 C B D B C C C B A A 11-20 D A B A C D B C D A21-30 D C C B A C B B A B 31-40 D C C A B B D B A A41-50 C D C B C D D B C D 51-58 B B A A AC D C