美国教育-课件.ppt

American Education15-财政2班 魏瑶 王莹 王馨怡The United States is very strong in education and shoulders huge task of education.To discuss education in the United States is a very complicated problem,because it is a multicultural country.American education is also diverse reflecting on the education,there is no unified national education system in the United States and fifty states have 50 different education system.There is no doubt that mang people pay much attention to the system of American education.The major difference in education system between American and most other countries is that the education of the United States is for everyone in society,not only for a few people.American educational system can be best understood as a kind of social institutions that reflect the basic beliefs and fundamental principles of the nation,rather than simply a kind of skill-training places where students are prepared to get a job.1 All in all,the system of American education has its own special features and attract a lot of countries attention.As one of the basic contents of social life,education has a close relationship with one nations growth.There were many people graduated from Oxford College and Cambridge College between the first English settlers to America in the colonial era of 17th century.It is estimated that there is a college student out of every 40 to 50 families.This immigration of higher education background made them attach great importance to education.And the early immigrants from England needed a kind of culture to help them understand The Bible by themselves because of their devotion to religion.These two factors made the education of America start.The Goals and The Goals and Purposes of Purposes of Education Education Historically,the chief aim of education in early times was literacy in order that people might be able to read and write the Bible and laws.When the republic was founded,literacy was still a primary objective,but for the new purpose of fulfilling the obligations of citizenship in the new country.Under the new system,each individual citizen was obligated to vote according to his own opinions and conscience,and to take part in the discussion and decision making at local,state,and national levels.As the nation grew in population and in territory,as its economy expanded,and particularly as the industrial revolution changed the complexity of life and citizenship,education grew in importance and its goals and purposes became more diverse and comprehensive.If the objectives of education in America were to be reduced to a single sentence,it might be summarized as follows:to facilitate the development of each individual to the maximum extent of his or her capability for his or her own benefit and that of society.The American education of all types and at all levels join each other in structure and communicate with each other up and down.At any rate,from elementary school through college,Americans hold the belief that everyone deserves a fair and equal opportunity to get a good education,and that part of the responsibility of the government is to make sure that such an opportunity is not denied to any one of them.4 One of the striking features,differ American education system from other European countries education system,call a monorail system.It formed in the second half of the 19th century and can be specifically divided into the bottom-up structure:primary school,secondary school,and then university.Rail is the number of class in one grade.The current school system of America education also reflects the feature of the combination of unity and diversity.Due to a thorough system of decentralization in education,America has no unified national educational system.The current system of America education is basically fallen into following parts:elementary education and secondary education for 12 years,4 years of higher education,and graduate school,the total course of 20 years or so.There are many different kinds of preschool education institutions in America.No matter public or private,it can be roughly divided into nursery school(for children aged 3 5)and the kindergarten(recruit children aged 4 6);Elementary education is distributed into public education and private education,which pays attention to develop the potential of children;There are mainly four years,six years to construct and three kinds of three-thirds system in secondary school in America.Its main part is the comprehensive school and its minor part are the general education and vocational and technical education.Besides,there are also separate secondary schools,vocational and technical schools,says middle school and other high school;The lessons of higher education colleges and universities in America are divided into four categories:a two-year college(community college)(tertiary),liberal arts college(four-year college),universities and.Professional schools.American education management implements the high degree of decentralization.In America,the education management is the responsibility of the state or local government,rather than the federal government.As early as in 1791,the 10th amendment of the constitution of America has been defined,the federal government does not have the permission to manage education and education is charged by the states.The powers of the ministry of education in American federal government are very limited,whose main responsibility is to distribute education grants to the states according to the intentions of congress,as well as offer scholarships to American domestic students.The states of America are equipped with the education minister who are in charge of drawing up the states education policy and lead the subordinate organizations to implement these policies.While according to the state law,all states mostly give the management right of public school to the local school districts,in addition to set up the state board of education and make the basic policy of educations development.Therefore,the management right of elementary education and secondary education actually belongs to the local school districts and the local public school management system in which the school district plays the leading role ha been established.6 American universities all have their own characteristics and they are different from the teaching guidelines,professional Settings,test project to small probl The The education education methods methods of of Western Western countries countries are are close close to to nature nature and and more more closer closer to to the the society.society.In In China,China,the the purpose purpose of of education education is is to to pass pass school school exams exams and and have have a a thorough thorough understanding understanding of of knowledge knowledge while while the the western western students students pay pay more more attention attention to to ability ability of of practice practice and and exercise.exercise.The The study study of of American American students students is is mainly mainly to to explore explore and and develop develop students students innovative innovative thinking.thinking.The The advantage advantage of of American American education education is is to to pay pay more more attention attention to to the the students students ability ability of of independent independent thinking,thinking,their their way way of of thinking thinking to to the the problem problem and and cultivate cultivate students students ability ability of of dialectical dialectical thinking.thinking.This This can can prepare prepare well well for for entering entering the the society society which which attaches attaches importance importance to to the the innovative innovative thinking.thinking.Its Its education education goal goal is is adapted adapted to to the the requirements requirements of of creating creating a a society society with with talent talent intensive.intensive.There There is is no no doubt doubt that that the the education education system system of of China China and and America America is is different.different.The The differences differences are are as as follows:follows:Firstly,Firstly,the the teaching teaching goal goal of of these these two two countriescountries elementary elementary education education is is different.different.Chinas Chinas primary primary education education will will develop develop childrenchildrens s intelligence intelligence and and the the children children takes takes high high marks marks as as a a primary primary goal,goal,while while in in America,America,its its only only purpose purpose is is to to cultivate cultivate childrenchildrens s creativity;creativity;Secondly,Secondly,the the attitudes attitudes towards towards performance performance are are different.different.For For Chinese Chinese children,children,a a bad bad report report card card will will make make him him or or her her receive receive pressure pressure from from all all sides.sides.However,However,the the year-end year-end report report cards cards of of students students in in America America are are their their own own private private goods.goods.Parents Parents also also wont wont give give too too much much pressure pressure to to their their children children and and abilities abilities in in their their heart heart are are more more important important than than scores;scores;Lastly,Lastly,there there are are differences differences between between the the two two countries countries in in knowledge knowledge view.view.Chinas Chinas education education pays pays attention attention to to the the accumulation accumulation of of knowledge,knowledge,cultivate cultivate the the students students respect respect for for knowledge knowledge and and authority,the authority,the inheritance inheritance of of knowledge knowledge and and the the construction construction of of knowledge knowledge system.system.AmericaAmericas s education education attaches attaches much much importance importance to to train train students students practical practical use use of of knowledge,knowledge,their their critical critical spirit spirit to to the the knowledge knowledge and and authority authority and and the the expansion expansion and and creation creation of of knowledge.knowledge.These These two two different different ways ways of of education express their different attitude towards knowledge.education express their different attitude towards knowledge.Harvard College was founded as early as 1636,only fifteen years after the Pilgrim Fathers had landed in the New World.William Mary university was built in 1639 and Yale university was established in 1701.Before 1776 when America declared independence from Great Britain,eight other colleges came into existence.All these indicate that Americans have shown a great concern for education since early colonial times.Between 1825 and 1850,public education was established in America.All states were built basic education system which was open to all children States and without religious discrimination and the basis of economic conditions.Many public universities and colleges also appeared and they enriched the education of America along with a large number of private colleges.Harvard Yale university William Mary university All in all,education is a cultural phenomenon,different education reflects different cultural connotations.The education method or education system which is suitable for the society of the America maybe not adapt to Chinas current social education system.what we need is the combination of localization and internationalization of modern education.