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一、会计与会计理论会计 accounting 决策人 Decision Maker 投资人 Investor 股东 Shareholder 债权人 Creditor 财务会计 Financial Accounting 管理会计 Management Accounting 成本会计 Cost Accounting 私业会计 Private Accounting 公众会计 Public Accounting 注册会计师 CPA Certified Public Accountant 国际会计准则委员会 IASC 美国注册会计师协会 AICPA 财务会计准则委员会 FASB 管理会计协会 IMA 美国会计学会 AAA 税务稽核署 IRS 独资企业 Proprietorship 合伙人企业 Partnership 公司 Corporation 会计目标 Accounting Objectives 会计假设 Accounting Assumptions 会计要素 Accounting Elements 会计原则 Accounting Principles 会计实务过程 Accounting Procedures 财务报表 Financial Statements 财务分析Financial Analysis 会计主体假设 Separate-entity Assumption 货币计量假设 Unit-of-measure Assumption 持续经营假设 Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption 会计分期假设 Time-period Assumption 资产 Asset 负债 Liability 业主权益 Owner's Equity 收入 Revenue 费用 Expense 收益 Income 亏损 Loss 历史成本原则 Cost Principle 收入实现原则 Revenue Principle 配比原则 Matching Principle 全面披露原则 Full-disclosure (Reporting) Principle 客观性原则 Objective Principle 一致性原则 Consistent Principle 可比性原则 Comparability Principle 重大性原则 Materiality Principle 稳健性原则 Conservatism Principle 权责发生制 Accrual Basis 现金收付制 Cash Basis 财务报告 Financial Report 流动资产 Current assets 流动负债 Current Liabilities 长期负债 Long-term Liabilities 投入资本 Contributed Capital 留存收益 Retained Earning 二、会计循环会计循环 Accounting Procedure/Cycle 会计信息系统 Accounting information System 帐户 Ledger 会计科目 Account 会计分录 Journal entry 原始凭证 Source Document 日记帐 Journal 总分类帐 General Ledger 明细分类帐 Subsidiary Ledger 试算平衡 Trial Balance 现金收款日记帐 Cash receipt journal 现金付款日记帐 Cash disbursements journal 销售日记帐 Sales Journal 购货日记帐 Purchase Journal 普通日记帐 General Journal 工作底稿 Worksheet 调整分录 Adjusting entries 结帐 Closing entries 三、现金与应收帐款现金 Cash 银行存款 Cash in bank 库存现金 Cash in hand 流动资产 Current assets 偿债基金 Sinking fund 定额备用金 Imprest petty cash 支票 Check(cheque) 银行对帐单 Bank statement 银行存款调节表 Bank reconciliation statement 在途存款 Outstanding deposit 在途支票 Outstanding check 应付凭单 Vouchers payable 应收帐款 Account receivable 应收票据 Note receivable 起运点交货价 F.O.B shipping point 目的地交货价 F.O.B destination point 商业折扣 Trade discount 现金折扣 Cash discount 销售退回及折让 Sales return and allowance 坏帐费用 Bad debt expense 备抵法 Allowance method 备抵坏帐 Bad debt allowance 损益表法 Income statement approach 资产负债表法 Balance sheet approach 帐龄分析法 Aging analysis method 直接冲销法 Direct write-off method 带息票据 Interest bearing note 不带息票据 Non-interest bearing note 出票人 Maker 受款人 Payee 本金 Principal 利息率 Interest rate 到期日 Maturity date 本票 Promissory note 贴现 Discount 背书 Endorse 拒付费 Protest fee com 四、存货存货 Inventory 商品存货 Merchandise inventory 产成品存货 Finished goods inventory 在产品存货 Work in process inventory 原材料存货 Raw materials inventory 起运地离岸价格 F.O.B shipping point 目的地抵岸价格 F.O.B destination 寄销 Consignment 寄销人 Consignor 承销人 Consignee 定期盘存 Periodic inventory 永续盘存 Perpetual inventory 购货 Purchase 购货折让和折扣 Purchase allowance and discounts 存货盈余或短缺 Inventory overages and shortages 分批认定法 Specific identification 加权平均法 Weighted average 先进先出法 First-in, first-out or FIFO 后进先出法 Lost-in, first-out or LIFO 移动平均法 Moving average 成本或市价孰低法 Lower of cost or market or LCM 市价 Market value 重置成本 Replacement cost 可变现净值 Net realizable value 上限 Upper limit 下限 Lower limit 毛利法 Gross margin method 零售价格法 Retail method 成本率 Cost ratio 五、长期投资长期投资 Long-term investment 长期股票投资 Investment on stocks 长期债券投资 Investment on bonds 成本法 Cost method 权益法 Equity method 合并法 Consolidation method 股利宣布日 Declaration date 股权登记日 Date of record 除息日 Ex-dividend date 付息日 Payment date 债券面值 Face value, Par value 债券折价 Discount on bonds 债券溢价 Premium on bonds 票面利率 Contract interest rate, stated rate 市场利率 Market interest ratio, Effective rate 普通股 Common Stock 优先股 Preferred Stock 现金股利 Cash dividends 股票股利 Stock dividends 清算股利 Liquidating dividends 到期日 Maturity date 到期值 Maturity value 直线摊销法 Straight-Line method of amortization 实际利息摊销法 Effective-interest method of amortization 六、固定资产固定资产 Plant assets or Fixed assets 原值 Original value 预计使用年限 Expected useful life 预计残值 Estimated residual value 折旧费用 Depreciation expense 累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation 帐面价值 Carrying value 应提折旧成本 Depreciation cost 净值 Net value 在建工程 Construction-in-process 磨损 Wear and tear 过时 Obsolescence 直线法 Straight-line method (SL) 工作量法 Units-of-production method (UOP) 加速折旧法 Accelerated depreciation method 双倍余额递减法 Double-declining balance method (DDB) 年数总和法 Sum-of-the-years-digits method (SYD) 以旧换新 Trade in 经营租赁 Operating lease 融资租赁 Capital lease 廉价购买权 Bargain purchase option (BPO) 资产负债表外筹资 Off-balance-sheet financing 最低租赁付款额 Minimum lease payments 七、无形资产无形资产 Intangible assets 专利权 Patents 商标权 Trademarks, Trade names 著作权 Copyrights 特许权或专营权 Franchises 商誉 Goodwill 开办费 Organization cost 租赁权 Leasehold 摊销 Amortization -------------------------------------------------------- 八、流动负债负债 Liability 流动负债 Current liability 应付帐款 Account payable 应付票据 Notes payable 贴现票据 Discount notes 长期负债一年内到期部分 Current maturities of long-term liabilities 应付股利 Dividends payable 预收收益 Prepayments by customers 存入保证金 Refundable deposits 应付费用 Accrual expense 增值税 value added tax 营业税 Business tax 应付所得税 Income tax payable 应付奖金 Bonuses payable 产品质量担保负债 Estimated liabilities under product warranties 赠品和兑换券 Premiums, coupons and trading stamps 或有事项 Contingency 或有负债 Contingent 或有损失 Loss contingencies 或有利得 Gain contingencies 永久性差异 Permanent difference 时间性差异 Timing difference 应付税款法 Taxes payable method 纳税影响会计法 Tax effect accounting method 递延所得税负债法 Deferred income tax liability method 九、长期负债长期负债 Long-term Liabilities 应付公司债券 Bonds payable 有担保品的公司债券 Secured Bonds 抵押公司债券 Mortgage Bonds 保证公司债券 Guaranteed Bonds 信用公司债券 Debenture Bonds 一次还本公司债券 Term Bonds 分期还本公司债券 Serial Bonds 可转换公司债券 Convertible Bonds 可赎回公司债券 Callable Bonds 可要求公司债券 Redeemable Bonds 记名公司债券 Registered Bonds 无记名公司债券 Coupon Bonds 普通公司债券 Ordinary Bonds 收益公司债券 Income Bonds 名义利率，票面利率 Nominal rate 实际利率 Actual rate 有效利率 Effective rate 溢价 Premium 折价 Discount 面值 Par value 直线法 Straight-line method 实际利率法 Effective interest method 到期直接偿付 Repayment at maturity 提前偿付 Repayment at advance 偿债基金 Sinking fund 长期应付票据 Long-term notes payable 抵押借款 Mortgage loan 十、业主权益权益 Equity 业主权益 Owner's equity 股东权益 Stockholder's equity 投入资本 Contributed capital 缴入资本 Paid-in capital 股本 Capital stock 资本公积 Capital surplus 留存收益 Retained earnings 核定股本 Authorized capital stock 实收资本 Issued capital stock 发行在外股本 Outstanding capital stock 库藏股 Treasury stock 普通股 Common stock 优先股 Preferred stock 累积优先股 Cumulative preferred stock 非累积优先股 Noncumulative preferred stock 完全参加优先股 Fully participating preferred stock 部分参加优先股 Partially participating preferred stock 非部分参加优先股 Nonpartially participating preferred stock 现金发行 Issuance for cash 非现金发行 Issuance for noncash consideration 股票的合并发行 Lump-sum sales of stock 发行成本 Issuance cost 成本法 Cost method 面值法 Par value method 捐赠资本 Donated capital 盈余分配 Distribution of earnings 股利 Dividend 股利政策 Dividend policy 宣布日 Date of declaration 股权登记日 Date of record 除息日 Ex-dividend date 股利支付日 Date of payment 现金股利 Cash dividend 股票股利 Stock dividend 拨款 appropriation 十一、财务报表财务报表 Financial Statement 资产负债表 Balance Sheet 收益表 Income Statement 帐户式 Account Form 报告式 Report Form 编制（报表） Prepare 工作底稿 Worksheet 多步式 Multi-step 单步式 Single-step 十二、财务状况变动表财务状况变动表中的现金基础 SCFP.Cash Basis （现金流量表）财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础 SCFP.Working Capital Basis （资金来源与运用表）营运资金 Working Capital 全部资源概念 All-resources concept 直接交换业务 Direct exchanges 正常营业活动 Normal operating activities 财务活动 Financing activities 投资活动 Investing activities 十三、财务报表分析财务报表分析 Analysis of financial statements 比较财务报表 Comparative financial statements 趋势百分比 Trend percentage 比率 Ratios 普通股每股收益 Earnings per share of common stock 股利收益率 Dividend yield ratio 价益比 Price-earnings ratio 普通股每股帐面价值 Book value per share of common stock 资本报酬率 Return on investment 总资产报酬率 Return on total asset 债券收益率 Yield rate on bonds 已获利息倍数 Number of times interest earned 债券比率 Debt ratio 优先股收益率 Yield rate on preferred stock 营运资本 Working Capital 周转 Turnover 存货周转率 Inventory turnover 应收帐款周转率 Accounts receivable turnover 流动比率 Current ratio 速动比率 Quick ratio 酸性试验比率 Acid test ratio 十四、合并财务报表合并财务报表 Consolidated financial statements 吸收合并 Merger 创立合并 Consolidation 控股公司 Parent company 附属公司 Subsidiary company 少数股权 Minority interest 权益联营合并 Pooling of interest 购买合并 Combination by purchase 权益法 Equity method 成本法 Cost method 十五、物价变动中的会计计量物价变动之会计 Price-level changes accounting 一般物价水平会计 General price-level accounting 货币购买力会计 Purchasing-power accounting 统一币值会计 Constant dollar accounting 历史成本 Historical cost 现行价值会计 Current value accounting 现行成本 Current cost 重置成本 Replacement cost 物价指数 Price-level index 国民生产总值物价指数 Gross national product implicit price deflator (or GNP deflator) 消费物价指数 Consumer price index (or CPI) 批发物价指数 Wholesale price index 货币性资产 Monetary assets 货币性负债 Monetary liabilities 货币购买力损益 Purchasing-power gains or losses 资产持有损益 Holding gains or losses 未实现的资产持有损益 Unrealized holding gains or losses accountant genaral 会计主任　　account balancde 结平的帐户　　account bill 帐单　　account books 帐　　account classification 帐户分类　　account current 往来帐　　account form of balance sheet 帐户式资产负债表　account form of profit and loss statement 帐户式损益表　　account payable 应付帐款　　account receivable 应收帐款　　account of payments 支出表　　account of receipts 收入表　　account title 帐户名称，会计科目　　accounting year 或financial year 会计年度　　accounts payable ledger 应付款分类帐　　Accounting period（会计期间）　　are related to specific time periods ,typically one year（通常是一年) 　　资产负债表：balance sheet 可以不大写b 　利润表： income statements (or statements of income) 　　利润分配表：retained earnings 　　现金流量表：cash flows 2、人员的称谓　　助理 Assistant 　　秘书 secretary 　　前台接待小姐 Receptionist 　　文员 clerk ，如会计文员为Accounting Clerk 　　主任　supervisor 　　经理　Manager 　　总经理 GM，General Manager 　　入场费admission 　　运费freight 　　小费tip 　　学费tuition 　　价格，代价charge 　　制造费用 Manufacturing overhead 　　材料费 Materials 　　管理人员工资 Executive Salaries 　　奖金 Wages 　　退职金 Retirement allowance 　　补贴 Bonus 　　外保劳务费 Outsourcing fee 　　福利费 Employee benefits/welfare 　　会议费 Coferemce 　　加班餐费 Special duties 　　市内交通费 Business traveling 　　通讯费 Correspondence 　　电话费 Correspondence 　　水电取暖费 Water and Steam 　　税费 Taxes and dues 　　租赁费 Rent 　　管理费 Maintenance 　　车辆维护费 Vehicles maintenance 　　油料费 Vehicles maintenance 　　培训费 Education and training 　　接待费 Entertainment 　　图书、印刷费 Books and printing 　　运费 Transpotation 　　保险费 Insurance premium 　　支付手续费 Commission 　　杂费 Sundry charges 　　折旧费 Depreciation expense 　　机物料消耗 Article of consumption 　　劳动保护费 Labor protection fees 　　总监Director 　　总会计师 Finance Controller 　　高级 Senior 如高级经理为　Senior Manager 　　营业费用 Operating expenses 　　代销手续费 Consignment commission charge 　　运杂费 Transpotation 　　保险费 Insurance premium 　　展览费 Exhibition fees 　　广告费 Advertising fees 　　管理费用 Adminisstrative expenses 　　职工工资 Staff Salaries 　　修理费 Repair charge 　　低值易耗摊销 Article of consumption 　　办公费 Office allowance 　　差旅费 Travelling expense 　　工会经费 Labour union expenditure 　　研究与开发费 Research and development expense 　　福利费 Employee benefits/welfare 　　职工教育经费 Personnel education 　　待业保险费 Unemployment insurance 　　劳动保险费 Labour insurance 　　医疗保险费 Medical insurance 　　会议费 Coferemce 　　聘请中介机构费 Intermediary organs 　　咨询费 Consult fees 　　诉讼费 Legal cost 　　业务招待费 Business entertainment 　　技术转让费 Technology transfer fees 　　矿产资源补偿费 Mineral resources compensation fees 　　排污费 Pollution discharge fees 　　房产税 Housing property tax 　　车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 　　土地使用税 Tenure tax 　　印花税 Stamp tax 　　财务费用 Finance charge 　　利息支出 Interest exchange 　　汇兑损失 Foreign exchange loss 　　各项手续费 Charge for trouble 　　各项专门借款费用 Special-borrowing cost 　　帐目名词一、资产类 Assets 　　流动资产 Current assets 　　货币资金 Cash and cash equivalents 　　现金 Cash 　　银行存款 Cash in bank 　　其他货币资金 Other cash and cash equivalents 　　外埠存款 Other city Cash in bank 　　银行本票 Cashier''s cheque 　　银行汇票 Bank draft 　　信用卡 Credit card 　　信用证保证金 L/C Guarantee deposits 　　存出投资款 Refundable deposits 　　短期投资 Short-term investments 　　股票 Short-term investments - stock 　　债券 Short-term investments - corporate bonds 　　基金 Short-term investments - corporate funds 　　其他 Short-term investments - other 　　短期投资跌价准备 Short-term investments falling price reserves 　　应收款 Account receivable 　　应收票据 Note receivable 　　银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance 　　商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance 　　应收股利 Dividend receivable 　　应收利息 Interest receivable 　　应收账款 Account receivable 　　其他应收款 Other notes receivable 　　坏账准备 Bad debt reserves 　　预付账款 Advance money 应收补贴款 Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable 　　库存资产 Inventories 　　物资采购 Supplies purchasing 　　原材料 Raw materials 　　包装物 Wrappage 　　低值易耗品 Low-value consumption goods 　　材料成本差异 Materials cost variance 　　自制半成品 Semi-Finished goods 　　库存商品 Finished goods 　　商品进销差价 Differences between purchasing and selling price 　　委托加工物资 Work in process - outsourced 　　委托代销商品 Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis 　　受托代销商品 Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 　　存货跌价准备 Inventory falling price reserves 　　分期收款发出商品 Collect money and send out the goods by stages 　　待摊费用 Deferred and prepaid expenses 　　长期投资 Long-term investment 　　长期股权投资 Long-term investment on stocks 　　股票投资 Investment on stocks 　　其他股权投资 Other investment on stocks 　　长期债权投资 Long-term investment on bonds 　　债券投资 Investment on bonds 　　其他债权投资 Other investment on bonds 　　长期投资减值准备 Long-term investments depreciation reserves 　　股权投资减值准备 Stock rights investment depreciation reserves 　　债权投资减值准备 Bcreditor''s rights investment depreciation reserves 　　委托贷款 Entrust loans 　　本金 Principal 　　利息 Interest 　　减值准备 Depreciation reserves 　　固定资产 Fixed assets 　　房屋 Building 　　建筑物 Structure 　　机器设备 Machinery equipment 　　运输设备 Transportation facilities 　　工具器具 Instruments and implement 　　累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation 　固定资产减值准备 Fixed assets depreciation reserves 房屋、建筑物减值准备 Building/structure depreciation reserves 机器设备减值准备 Machinery equipment depreciation reserves 　　工程物资 Project goods and material 　　专用材料 Special-purpose material 　　专用设备 Special-purpose equipment 　　预付大型设备款 Prepayments for equipment 　　为生产准备的工具及器具 Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 　　在建工程 Construction-in-process 　　安装工程 Erection works 　　在安装设备 Erecting equipment-in-process 　　技术改造工程 Technical innovation project 　　大修理工程 General overhaul project 　　在建工程减值准备 Construction-in-process depreciation reserves 　　固定资产清理 Liquidation of fixed assets 　　无形资产 Intangible assets 　　专利权 Patents 　　非专利技术 Non-Patents 　　商标权 Trademarks, Trade names 　　著作权 Copyrights 　　土地使用权 Tenure 　　商誉 Goodwill 　　无形资产减值准备 Intangible Assets depreciation reserves 　　专利权减值准备 Patent rights depreciation reserves 　　商标权减值准备 trademark rights

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