1、翰林教育音标课讲义国际音标简介 广义:国际音标International Phonetic Alphabet,原义是“国际语音字母”,简称IPA,由国际语音协会制定 狭义:英语国际音标(DJ音标,由英国语音学家Daniel Jones创立)。由于它用来标注英语的发音,一般都把它叫做英语国际音标,后来在国内干脆简称国际音标。学习音标的作用 打好音标基础是学好英语的基本条件 提高听说能力,培养良好的语感 有助于依靠读音记单词 “见其形读其音,听其音写其形”学习音标的要求 重视英语听说能力 结合单词识记音标 大胆开口练习,不要害怕犯错 不放过任何机会,用心体会标准的发音音标一览表26个英语字母的发音
2、语音知识 1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素. 3) 元音:发音响亮,口腔中气流不受阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。 4) 辅音:发音不响亮,口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。 5) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple,student,teacher,understand。 6) 开音节: a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e 如:name, bike, home, house 等 b) 辅音+元音 如:he, go, hi7) 闭音节: a)
3、 辅音+元音+辅音 如:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup b)元音+辅音 如:it 8) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。音标分类 英语国际音标共有48个 元音(20个) 长元音/:/:/:/i:/U:/ 短元音/e/ 双元音 /e/ /a/ / / /e/ / / /a/ 辅音(28个) 轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/h/ts/t/tr/ 浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/r/dz/ /d/ /dr/ 鼻音 /m/n/ 半元音/j/w/ 边音/长元音i: 发音部位:舌尖轻抵下齿龈,舌前部抬高,但不抵上齿龈; 发音方法:嘴角向后缩,使双唇呈扁平状;气流从口腔中流出,振动声带,发出此音。 me
4、 sheep teach people receivei: 常见的字母组合 ee: three tree green sheep meet beef see seek ea: eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please e: he she me we be ie ei (eo ey i): people piece receive ceiling 绕口令:A: Tea or coffee? B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please.长元音: 发音部位:舌端离开下齿,舌身平展,舌
5、中部稍微抬起 发音方法:双唇扁平,向左右略微拉开,成微笑状 气流从口腔中冲出微振声带,发出此音。 her bird nurse learn work:常见的字母组合 ir: girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird ur: turn burn nurse Thursday burger ear: learn earn earth heard er: term her serve or: work worm work world 绕口令:The early bird catches the worm first.长元音a: 发音部位:舌端离开下齿,舌
6、身平放后缩,舌位较低; 发音方法:口张大,气流从口腔中流出,振动声带,发出此音 glass car laugh heart arma:常见的字母组合 a: grass glass class plant dance fast fat last half ar: car star arm park March hard garden dark au: laugh aunt ear: heart 绕口令:Its far to the farm from the park.长元音: 发音部位:舌尖离开下齿,舌后抬高,上下唇略为张大,唇形较圆,并用力向前突出 发音方法:气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出
7、此音。 small more autumn four warm door: 常见的字母组合 a: water aw: draw strawberry al: ball wall call small or: horse morning corn fork or short oor: floor door au: autumn ar: warm our: four bought 绕口令:My daughter is forty-four.长元音u: 发音部位:舌端离开下齿,舌后部向软腭抬高,舌位较高;双唇尽量收缩成圆而小,并稍向前突出; 发音方法:气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 food
8、 do true fruit soup shoeu:常见的字母组合 o: do who whose to oo: food moon too soon room ui: fruit juice u: ruler blue full ou: soup oe: shoe 绕口令:How do you do? You looked really cool.Task Review and preview Rewrite the form of 26 letters Read the words and sentences aloud练一练:写出下列划线部分字母的发音,并找出发音不同的单词。 A B C
9、 D ( )1. he feet bread green ( )2. live fish teacher we ( )3. tall first work shirt ( )4. tree see clean Sunday ( )5. father doctor skirt china ( ) 6. moon food eat fruit ( ) 7. true book wood look ( ) 8. four small walk bird ( ) 9. bus foot good book ( ) 10. car arm food garden【i】 舌尖轻抵下齿齿龈,舌前部向硬腭抬起
10、;嘴角向后缩使双唇略扁 极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,微振声带,发出此音。 in ticket busy happy money【i】常见的字母组合 i: is English pig fish fifteen six ship e: behind jacket basketball y: happy heavy busy sunny study twentywindyrainy ey: monkey money u: busy 绕口令:His little sister is sitting in the middle. i:和 i 1.it-eat 2. seatsit 3. treetri
11、p 4. sheepship 区分下列单词: need sister rich weak agree big swim keep miss tree fish people e 舌端靠近下齿,舌前部稍稍抬起; 双唇扁平,上下齿的距离相当于一个中指宽度; 极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 get bread again egg e 常见的字母组合 e: egg desk leg red pet ten pen ea: bread head breakfast ai: again said 绕口令:Good, better, best. Never let it rest.【】 舌
12、端靠近下齿,双唇尽量向两边平伸,使嘴角肌肉感到紧张; 极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带发出此音。 that map catch black apple【】常见的字母组合 a: dad hat cap bag cat can bad apple bag hand black has stand map 和 e 1.patpet 2. satset 3. sadsaid 4.badbed 5.daddead 区分下列单词: wet bag act bed never ten bread many thank seven head【】 舌中部向上鄂抬起,舌端离开下齿,舌身自然平展;唇形放松、扁平
13、 极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音 much cup some money touch【】常见的字母组合 o: son come colour love money u: sun nut jump us bus brush supper duck ou: touch cousin country 绕口令:Come to the front on the double. / / 舌端离开下齿,舌身尽量降低并后缩;双唇自然成圆形,嘴角有紧绷的感觉,保持口形不变; 一股极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音 dog hot doctor what watch wash 常见的字
14、母组合 o: fox coffee dog shop hot doctor long sorry a: watch what wash 绕口令:The little pot is so hot. 舌端离开下齿,舌后部向软腭抬起;双唇圆而小,稍向前突出; 极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 good foot woman put full could 常见的字母组合 o: woman wolf oo: look good book foot wood classroom u: put full bullet ou: could should would 绕口令:Look at th
15、e cookbook. Its really good. 舌端离开下齿,舌身平展而放松,舌中部向上颚抬起; 双唇略扁,使嘴微张,舌尖靠近下齿龈,但不贴紧; 气流从口腔中冲出,微振声带,发出此音。 mother winter sugar doctor china open/ 常见的字母组合 er: teacher clever brother dinner father sister ruler ar: sugar or: doctor a: panda about above camera sofa China e: open ure: picture 绕口令:The farmers brot
16、her is a doctor.p-b 【p】是清辅音 舌身自然平放在口腔中,双唇紧闭,呈不说话状态,在口腔内形成一股气流;气流由双唇迸出,不振动声带,发出此音。 /p/: pen map help cheap pencil paper apple happy 【b】是浊辅音 舌身自然平放在口腔中,双唇紧闭,呈不说话状态,在口腔内形成一股气流;气流由双唇迸出,振动声带,发出此音。 /b/: bag by boy blue rabbit cabbaget-d 【t】是清辅音 舌尖轻抵上齿龈,嘴微张;舌与硬腭之间聚集一股气流;气流由舌尖和上齿龈之间冲出,同时,舌尖迅速离开上齿龈,不振动声带。 /t
17、/: ten time not table little pretty 【d】是浊辅音 舌尖轻抵上齿龈,嘴微张;舌与硬腭之间聚集一股气流;气流由舌尖和上齿龈之间冲出,同时,舌尖迅速离开上齿龈,振动声带。 /d/: desk door day dog daddy middlek-g 【k】是清辅音 舌后部抬高并使其紧贴软腭,嘴微张;舌后部与软腭之间聚集一股气流;气流由舌后部和软腭之间冲出,同时,舌后部与软腭迅速分离,不振动声带,发出此音。 /k/: cat come clock picture book bike cake kite look 【g】是浊辅音 舌后部抬高并使其紧贴软腭,嘴微张;舌
18、后部与软腭之间的气流由舌后部和软腭之间冲出,同时,舌后部与软腭迅速分离,振动声带,发出此音。 /g/: girl big egg guess great glad game again glass dogTask Review and preview Finish your homework Read the words and sentences aloud作业校对:用音标给26个英语字母标音A a B b C c D d e bi: si: di: E e F f G g H hi: ef di: etI i J j K k L l M m N n a de ke e em enO o P
19、 p Q q R r S s T t pi: kju: : es ti:U u V v W w X x Y y Z zju: vi: dbju: eks wa zed/ zi: 作业一、写出下列划线部分字母的发音,并找出发音不同的单词。 A B C D ( )1. pig is dog ship ( ) 2.thirty bird her food ( ) 3.she big in money ( ) 4.teacher sister about girl ( ) 5.happy sea sit picture( ) 6. true jump bus cut ( ) 7. bag short
20、map flag( ) 8. egg pen head small( ) 9. rabbit good would foot( ) 10.rat bat apple ten二、写出下列划线字母的读音,有一种读音的在( )里画,有两种读音的画,有三种的画 ( ) 1. hat fast cook last ( ) 2. jeep door sun who ( ) 3. dad cap hand watch ( ) 4. star car cut from( ) 5. skirt sheep bird her 三、根据发音规则,找出每组中发的单词。 ( )1.rat bed face sport
21、( )2.hear cup fat pear ( )3.rice bat finger tree ( )4.sea young knife apple四、根据发音规则,找出每组中不发e的单词。 ( )1.cat well leg pen ( )2.sweat map pet elephant ( )3.egg ten tall desk ( )4.bread head bed toy练一练:从B栏找出与A栏对应的单词或音标并连线。1、 A B 2、 A Bhurry baik i goathurt keik dg pearlook hri gut thingcake luk feis dogb
22、ike h:t pe face【f】-【v】 【f】是清辅音 上齿轻触下唇;气流从唇与齿之间的空隙泄出,产生一定摩擦;不振动声带,发出此音。 /f/: five fish fine family fifteen photo phone elephant laugh enough off coffee 【v】是浊辅音 上齿轻触下唇;气流从唇与齿之间的空隙泄出,产生一定摩擦;振动声带,发出此音。 /v/: very five have of leave voice visit visitor themselves 【s】-【z】 【s】是清辅音 舌尖接近上齿龈,舌尖与上齿龈之间的距离较小;气流从舌
23、头与硬腭和齿龈之间摩擦而出;不振动声带,发出此音。/s/: nice city cycle sit six some bus use us desk books miss class 【z】是浊辅音 舌尖接近上齿龈,舌尖与上齿龈之间的距离较小;气流从舌尖与齿龈之间摩狭缝中擦而出,吐气较弱;振动声带,发出此音。/z/: is his please music lose husband apples leaves thieves knives size exercise prize zoo reason【】-【】 【】是清辅音 将舌尖略微伸出,放在上下齿之间,使舌尖两面轻触上下齿;气流从舌和齿间流
24、出,但口腔内各部位保持不动;不振动声带,发出此音。 /: three thank month thin thought three throw tooth teeth south north month mouth through 【】是浊辅音 将舌尖略微伸出,放在上下齿之间,使舌尖两面轻触上下齿;气流从舌和齿间流出,但口腔内各部位保持不动;振动声带,发出此音。 /: this the with than breathe though mother father there that these those 【】 【】是双元音 口形由【】向【】的舌位滑动, 【】发得响亮, 【】发得模糊短促;唇
25、形从扁平到略圆,舌位由低到高;气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 ago, nose, rose, hope, boat, coat, tomorrow, kilo, know, piano, yellow, grow, bowl, own, show, low, cold 【u】 【u】是双元音 由【u】很快滑向【】 ,【u】发得清晰响亮,【】发得短促;唇形由圆形到扁平,舌位由高到低;气流从口腔中冲出。振动声带,发出此音。 poor, sure, tour, tourist, jewel, cruel, Europe 【i】 【i】是双元音 是从【i】向【e】的舌位滑动,【i】发得清楚响
26、亮,【e】发得模糊短促;唇形扁平,舌位由到高低;气流从从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 ear, deer, here, tear, beer, theater, museum, clear, cheer, appear, serious, fear, near, engineer 【】 【】是双元音 由【】很快滑向【】 ,发【】时舌尖靠近下齿,唇形由扁平到自然,舌位由低到高;气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 pair, air, chair, hair, fair, square, care, there, bear, where, wear, their 【i】 【i】是双元音 是
27、从【i】向【e】的舌位滑动,【i】发得清楚响亮,【e】发得模糊短促;唇形扁平,舌位由到高低;气流从从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 ear, deer, here, tear, beer, theater, museum, clear, cheer, appear, serious, fear, near, engineer 【】 【】是双元音 由【】很快滑向【】 ,发【】时舌尖靠近下齿,唇形由扁平到自然,舌位由低到高;气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 pair, air, chair, hair, fair, square, care, there, bear, where, wea
28、r, their 【i】 【i】是双元音 从【】向【i】的舌位滑动,【】发得清楚响亮,【i】发得模糊短促;唇形由圆形变成扁平,舌位由低到高;气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 boy, toy, coin, oil, boil, noise, point, joy, join, enjoy, voice, choice 【ei】 【ei】是双元音 由【e】很快滑向【i】 ,【e】发得清楚响亮, 【i】 发得短促;唇形由扁平到自然,舌位由高到低;气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 table, radio, take, make, same, play, great, stay, day
29、, say, may, place, space, eight, wait, maybe, pain, save, way, always, gray, afraid 【ai】 【ai】是双元音 从【a】向【i】的舌位滑动,【a】发得清楚响亮,【i】发得模糊短促;唇形扁平,由大到小,舌位由低到高;气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 I, kite, bike, white, five, knife, rice, write, time, nine, eye, sky, pie, lie, die, light, right, night, fly, my, mind, quite, cry
30、, buy, fine 【a】 【a】是双元音 由【a】滑向【】 ,【a】发得响亮,【】发得短促;唇形由扁平到圆形,由小到大,舌位由低到高;气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。 house, how, now, down, out, mouse, flower, sound, mountain, count, hour, ground, found, round, brown, crowd Task Review and preview Finish your homework Read the words and sentences aloud Prepare for the exam作业
31、一、根据音标,填写正确的单词。Apple feet bear keep head white desk elephant lamp mouse/ be / / wait / / pl / / ki:p / / hed / / elifnt / / maus / / fi:t / / desk / / lmp / 二、找出画线部分读音不同的单词,并写出划线部分的音标( ) 1. A. tea B. meat C. weather D. beach( ) 2. A. back B. fast C. have D. map( ) 3. A. warm B. garden C. market D. p
32、arty( ) 4. A. school B. tooth C. choose D. good( ) 5. A. book B. moody C. look D. cook( ) 6. A. June B. ruler C. put D. menu( ) 7. A. push B. fun C. sun D. ugly( ) 8. A. tiger B. her C. officer D. over( ) 9. A. go B. no C. cold D. hot( ) 10.A. like B. lion C. pizza D. Friday( ) 11.A. cake B. face C.
33、 apple D. late( ) 12.A. me B. leg C. bed D. set( ) 13.A. hut B. ruler C. duck D. cup( ) 14.A. clock B. hot C. go D. sock( ) 15.A.head B. dead C. deaf D. sea( )16.A. little B. thing C. white D. with三、选出划线字母正确读音1、toy A./ / B. / e / C. / a /2、here A./ / B. / / C. / /3、stair A. / e / B./ / C. / e /4、our
34、 A. / / B. / / C. / a /5、ride A. / / B. / a / C. /: /6、speak A. / / B. / / C. / i: /7、tall A. / / B. / e / C. / : /8、car A. /: / B. / / C. / : /9、skirt A. / : / B. / : / C. / /10、cold A. / / B. / / C. / /She sells seashells by the seashore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. If she sell shells by the seashore, Im sure she sells seashore shells. 练一练:找出所给单词划线字母与其他三个读音不同的单词。 ( )1.A. cake B. name C. grade D. hat ( )2. A. he B. bed C. leg D. get ( )3. A. home