汉译英的句法处理.pptx

1汉译英的句法处理2Outline主语的确定主语的确定谓语的选择谓语的选择主谓语确定后其他句子成分的安排主谓语确定后其他句子成分的安排语序的调整语序的调整“是是”字句的翻译字句的翻译“把把”字句的翻译字句的翻译“得得”字句的翻译字句的翻译3主语的确定主语的确定应遵循的原则：应遵循的原则：必须符合英语的语言习惯必须符合英语的语言习惯;必须符合英美人的思维方式必须符合英美人的思维方式;必须突出句中应突出的信息必须突出句中应突出的信息;必须符合句中的逻辑关系必须符合句中的逻辑关系.4必须符合英语的语言习惯必须符合英语的语言习惯热烈欢迎世界各地客商热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，来此进一步加强合作，建立和发展贸易。建立和发展贸易。Customers from various countries and regions are warmly welcome to establish and develop business contacts.5希望今后北京能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。It is hoped that Beijing will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.6我知道你要说服他放弃那个计划是很困难的。I know it is difficult for you to persuade him out of the plan.7必须符合英美人的思维方式必须符合英美人的思维方式她从来没想到她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。他是个不诚实的人。It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.下倾盆大雨了。下倾盆大雨了。It is raining cats and dogs.8南京发生过许多重大的历史事件。Nanjing witnessed many great historic events.9必须突出句中应突出的信息必须突出句中应突出的信息 到去年年底，我部已同有关省市签订了到去年年底，我部已同有关省市签订了100余艘中小船舶的建造余艘中小船舶的建造合同和协议合同和协议。By the end of last year,contracts and agreements were signed with some provinces and cities for the construction of more than 100 small-and medium-sized vessels.10我给你打国际电话给你打国际电话就跟给楼下的李姐打电话差不多，一拨就通。An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to someone downstairs.11必须符合句中的逻辑关系必须符合句中的逻辑关系他的英语讲得很好。他的英语讲得很好。His English speaks good.He speaks good English.12我们事业从胜利走向胜利。We have won one victory after another for our cause.Our cause has won victories one after another.A series of victories have been won for our cause.13谓语的选择人称和数与主语保持一致人称和数与主语保持一致乡镇企业的繁荣乡镇企业的繁荣是是我国农村改革的必然产物。我国农村改革的必然产物。The prosperity of township enterprises is the inevitable outcome of the economic reform in the rural areas.14当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country.15时态与原文语义相吻合他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学药物爆炸。His absent-mindedness during the experiments nearly caused an explosion of the chemical.16他过去的那副尊容，只要你见过一次，无论什么时候你都不会忘记。He had a face that once you saw it you will never forget.His face is never forgotten once you saw it.17逻辑上与主语搭配得当这一证书课程分在三年中学完。This certificate course of studies will spread over three year.18必须与宾语搭配得当从这次讲座中，我们学到了许多美国历史方面的知识。We obtained much knowledge of American history from the lecture.19原文若是形容词短语、名词性短语、数量词或介词短语作谓语，译文中常采用系表系表结构作谓语结构作谓语你们一定知道，这种打字机轻便高效，经久耐用又经济实惠，适合高中学生使用。You are well aware that this type of typewriter is portable and durable,economical and practical for high school students.20连动式和兼语式，译文选择一个主要动词作谓语，其它动词用其他形式市政府采取各种措施招商。The city government takes many measure to attract investment.21招商代表团吸引了许多东南亚客商来新加坡洽谈项目。The delegation of inviting investment has attracted many businessmen from Southeast Asia to Singapore to hold talks on different projects.22被动式的翻译又一座立交桥将于年底通车。(含义被动）Another flyover will be opened to traffic by the end of this year.家家房顶上都装了供沐浴用的太阳能热水器。（泛指主语）A solar heater is installed on the roof of every house,providing warm water for the shower.23其他句子成分的安排其他句子成分的安排主题突出，主题突出，连动式，连动式，按时间顺序安排按时间顺序安排主语突出，主语突出，一个中心谓语一个中心谓语汉语汉语英语英语24我打算赶头班火车回北京。I am going to catch the first train back to Beijing.他们劝我采取“睁一只眼，闭一只眼”的方针.They persuaded me to adopt the live-and-let-live policy.25想到要出国深造，他就激动不已。The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited.He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.26近年来，中、泰两国国民经济发展迅速，为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础。In recent years the national economies of China and Thailand have quickly developed,providing a good foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the national economies in China and Thailand,which has prepared for good economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.China and Thailand,with the rapid development of their national economies in recent years,have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation.27The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.28语序的调整语序的调整主体主体 行为标志行为标志 行为行为 行为客体行为客体 主语状语谓语宾语主语状语谓语宾语主语主语 行为行为 行为客体行为客体 行为标志行为标志主语主语 谓语宾语谓语宾语 状语状语两种语言的对比两种语言的对比29定语的位置状语的位置叙事与表态的顺序30定语的位置定语的位置我们已经试过各种可能的办法了。We have tried every way possible.我们要把祖国建设成社会主义的现代化强国。1 2 3We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist 1 2 3country.31那是中国内地出版的第一份报纸That was the first newspaper that had been published in mainland China.他是一位中国现代优秀作家。He is an outstanding contemporary Chinese writer.32状语的位置状语的位置汉语：汉语：时间时间 地点地点 方式方式 动词动词英语：英语：动词动词 方式方式 地点地点 时间时间他他每天早晨每天早晨在教室里在教室里认真地认真地学习。学习。He studies hard in the classroom every morning.33叙事与表态的顺序如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。It would be appreciated if samples and/or brochure could be soon forwarded to us.驾车经过这一地区 真是太危险了。It is dangerous to drive through this area.34“是是”字句的翻译字句的翻译“是”字句的含义表示同等、类属、特征系表结构表示加强语气表示存在表示让步表示区别凡是35表示加强语气这孩子是可爱。The child is lovely indeed.我是想给你一个机会。I do want to give you a chance.我不是不懂，是不想说。Its not that I didnt understand,but that I didnt want to say anything.36表示存在表示存在前面前面是是一大片稻田。一大片稻田。There is a big stretch of rice fields ahead.一千五百米跑下来，他满身都一千五百米跑下来，他满身都是是汗。汗。After a thousand-and-five-hundred-meter run,he was sweating all over.37凡是是重活，他都抢着干。Whenever theres a tough job,he is always the first to do it.38“把把”字句的翻译字句的翻译含有“处置”之意的“把”字句的译法动词+宾语+补语他每天把自己关在房子里看书。He has himself confined in the room every day,reading books.我们已经把计划做好了。We have already got the plan ready.39含有“致使”之意的“把”字句的译法这天气把人热得坐不住。The head of weather makes one unable to sit still.那一趟可把我累坏了。That trip tired me out.40“得得”字句的翻译字句的翻译汉语结构助词”得”一般用在动词或形容词之后，连接补语成分，表示能力、可能性、结果、程度等。汉语的”得”字，可根据其语法功能，利用英语的词法或句法手段翻译。411.用情态助动词翻译”得”字英语的情态助动词can,could,be able to可以表示能力；may,might,can,could表示可能性，因此可以利用它们来翻译表示能力或可能性的”得”字。例如：-她的英语讲得好。She can speak English well.-你干得了这件事吗？Can you do it?422.用词法手段翻译”得”字英语的后缀-ible,-able构成的词语可以表示能力或可能性，因此也可利用这类词翻译”得”字。例如：-有些星星肉眼都看得很清楚。Some stars are quite visible to the unaided eye.-这个人靠得住吗?Is the man reliable?433.用固定结构翻译”得”字当”得”字表示结果或程度时，可利用英语中表示相同意义的固定结构如so that等来翻译。例如：-地板霉烂得有许多地方不能再擦洗了。The floors were in so rotten a condition that many of them could not be scrubbed.-不要高兴得忘乎所以。444.省略”得”字有时，”得”字无需翻译，只需翻译”得”字位于其中的短语即可。例如：-他们俩人很合得来。Both of them got well along with each other.-学生们听课听得很入神。The students listened to the lecture attentively.-你来得正是时候。You came in the nick of time.45Exercise1.又盖了许多楼堂馆所2.我一见到那个孤儿，总会想起他的父母。3.禁止游客在公共汽车上吸烟。4.我们面临的这场严重危机很快就会过去的。5.他们总是一见面就吵架。6.这次火灾是他们不小心而引起的。7.咱们把计划在检查一遍好吗？468.他看得出两者的差别。9.这个道理讲得通。10.不要高兴得忘乎所以。11.天气闷热得大家喘不过气来。12.这些苹果酸得不能吃。13.游客们玩得很开心。14.这件事情做得非常出色。471.Many tall buildings,big mansions,hotels and guest houses have been built recently.2.The sight of the orphan always reminds me of his parents.3.Passengers are prohibited from smoking in the bus.4.It wont be long before we get over the serious crisis confronting us.5.They never meet without quarrelling.6.The fire resulted from their carelessness.7.Shall we go over the plan once more?48 8.He was able to see the difference between the two.9.The reason is acceptable.10.Dont be so happy as to forget everything.11.It was such a hot and stuffy weather that people were out of breath.12.These apples are too sour for eating.13.The visitors had a wonderful time.14.Its exceedingly well done.