美英报刊阅读教程.ppt

NewspaperReading1.Whydowereadnewspaper?Whatcanwegetfromreadingnewspaper?Whodowereadfor?Whenshouldweread?Wherecanwegetnewspaperforreading?Howcanweefficientlyread?2.ObjectivesImprove your reading skills.(skimming,scanning)Knowledge of current affairs(well-informed)An introduction to major American and British newspapers and magazines.A brief knowledge of language styles in newspapers and magazines.Vocabularies(words and expression,abbreviations)3.Newspaper Article ReportTitle:Name:Source:Date:Content/Overview(Whathappened)KeyPeople(whowasinvolved)Location(whereithappened)Timing(whenithappened)Background(whyandhowithappened)Opinion(whatyouthinkaboutthestory)NewVocabularyfromyourArticleWords/PhrasesMeaningExample1.2.4.What parts does a news story have?All news stories answer some basicquestions:who,what,when,where,whyandhow?Likeallstories,thebasicnewsstoryhasa headline and three general parts:abeginning called the“lead”,a middlecalledthe“body”andan ending.5.What parts does a news story have?Anewsstoryiscomposedofheadline,lead,body,andbeforelead,therearedatelineandbyline.Headline:Theheadlineisthelineontopofthestorythattellsthereaderwhatthestoryisabout.6.What parts does a news story have?Lead:thebeginningofthestory,thehookthattellsthereaderwhatthestoryisaboutAgoodleadattractsthereadertocontinuereading.Inahard-newsstory,theleadusuallyiswritteninonesentencethefirstsentenceofthestoryandgivesthemostimportantinformationabouttheevent.7.5-WhinNewsLead新闻导言之5-Wh为了节省读者的阅报时间，第一段中即将该则新闻內容之5-Wh讲清楚，说明白：ho?hen?hat?here?hy?is the news about?did it happen?did it happen?happened in the news?did it happen?每则新闻的第一段即为“新闻导言”8.Categories of NewsNewsfallsintobasiccategories:hardnewsandsoftnews.“Hardnews”includes-stories of a timely nature about events or conflicts that have just happened or are about to happen,such as crimes,fires,meetings,protest rallies,speeches and testimony in court cases.Thesestorieshaveimmediacy.9.What parts does a news story have?Thedateline,whichtellsreaderswhenandwherethestoryiswritten,isimportant.Thebyline标题标题下署名之行下署名之行,whichgivescredittothewriter,isalsoveryimportant.Headline;lead;dateline;and byline10.Categories of News“Soft news”isdefinedasnews that entertains or informs,with an emphasis on human interest(人人情情味味)and novelty（新新 奇奇）and less immediacy than hard news.For example,a story about theeffectiveness of diets would beconsideredsoftnews.11.Categories of News“Soft news”can also be stories thatfocus on people,places or issues thataffect readers lives.These types ofstoriesarecalled“feature stories.”A story about the growing number ofbabies suffering from AIDS could beconsideredasoft-newsstory.It isnt less important than hard news,but it isnt news that happened overnight.12.Hard News Soft Newsfeatures（特写）personalprofile(人物特写)Anecdote(趣事；轶事)flash (快讯)urgent（急电）brief （简讯）breaking news（突发新闻）If the action or event occurred the same day as or the day before publication of the newspaper,the event is called“breaking news.”13.What are the qualities of a good news story?Whatthingsarenewsworthy?These are some of these traditionalqualities of both hard-and soft-newsstories:Timeliness (时效性)Proximity （接近性）Unusual nature（新奇）Celebrities （名人名流）Human interest（人情味）Conflict（冲突）14.Timeliness Aneventthathappenedthedayofordaybeforepublicationoraneventthatis due to happen in the immediatefutureisconsideredtimely.Some events that happened in thepastalsomaybeconsideredtimelyifthey are printed on an anniversary oftheevent,suchasone,fiveor10yearsaftertheincident.15.ProximityAneventmaybeof interest to local readers because it happened in orclosetothecommunity.Forexample:Wuhanesewillbequiteinterestedinwhenthesubwaytunnelsbegantobebuiltandwhenitwillbeaccomplished.16.Unusual Nature:theuniquenessofaneventThereisawell-knownsaying:“It is not news when a dog bites a man,but absolutely news when you find a man bites a dog.”Itsoundsabsurd,butfullyillustratesoneofthewidelyacceptednewsvaluesthe unusual,bizarre nature of a recently happened event.17.CelebritiesPeople who are well-known for theiraccomplishmentsprimarily entertainers,athletes or people who have gained fame for achievements,good or badattractalotofattention.This story ran on the front pagebecause of the celebrity status of theentertainers.18.Human interest:People like stories about people whohave special problems,achievements or experiences.Thesestoriescanbeprofiles or unusual storiesaboutpeoplethatmakereaderscareabouttheirplight.Here is an example of human interest:Kids Kids Helping Helping Kids Kids Survive Survive the the Effects Effects of Katrina.of Katrina.19.Conflict&Impact:Storiesinvolvingconflictspeoplehave with government or otherpeople are often newsworthy,especiallywhentheconflictreflectslocalproblems.20.AdditionalqualitiesSomeadditionalqualitiesofnewstoconsider:Helpfulness:Consumers,healthandotherhow-tostories.Entertainment:stories that amusereaders,makethemfeelgoodorhelpthemenjoytheirleisuretime.21.AdditionalqualitiesInspiration:Stories about people whoovercomedifficultiesSpecial interest:Somestoriesappealtopeoples interests in such subjects asscience,business or religion or to suchspecial groups as women,minorities,disabledpeople,veterans,collegestudents or other groups with particularinterests.22.ThemainstreamnewsagencyAFP(AgenceFrancePresse)法新社法国AP(AssociatedPress)美联社美国CP(CanadaPress)加拿大通讯社加拿大KNS(KyodoNewsService)共同社日本23.ThemainstreamnewsagencyReuter(ReutersNewsAgency)路透社英国TASS(TelegraphAgencyoftheSovietUnion)塔斯社俄罗斯UPI(UnitedPressInternational)合众国际社美国XinhuaNewsAgency新华社中国24.Different kinds of newspapersperiodical期刊magazine杂志daily日报weekly周刊fortnightly半月刊monthly月刊25.American Newspapers and Magazines Five famous newspapers:The New York Times(netpage)纽约时报foundedin1851The Washington Post华盛顿邮报foundedin1877Los Angeles Times洛杉矶时报foundedin1881USA Today 今日美国报foundedin1983The Wall Street Journal华尔街日报foundedin188926.Other NewspapersInternational Herald Tribune国际先驱论坛报The Christian Science Monitor基督教科学箴言报New York Daily News 纽约每日新闻Chicago Tribune 芝加哥论坛报Miami Herald 迈阿密先驱报Boston Globe 波士顿环球报27.American MagazinesTime时代周刊（美国三大新闻周刊之一）Newsweek新闻周刊（美国三大新闻周刊之一）U.S.NewsandWorldReport美国新闻与世界报道（美国三大新闻周刊之一）ReadersDigest读者文摘（月刊）Fortune幸福/财富（双周刊）28.EnglishNewspaperCategoriesBroadsheet-qualitypaper严肃大开张（TheTimes/TheGuardian)Tabloid-popularpaper通俗类小报(TheSun/DailyStar)29.British Newspapers1.The Times 泰晤士泰晤士报报oneofthenewspaperswiththelongesthistoryItslastbroadsheeteditioncamein2004/10/30.inthenotice,theeditoringeneralavoidtheword“tabloidfromMonday,November1,TheTimeswillbeacompactnewspaper.”(page)2.The Financial Times 金融金融时报时报ProvidethenewsaboutLondonstockexchange3.The Guardian 卫报卫报4.The Daily Telegraph每日每日电讯报电讯报5.The Sun太阳太阳报报30.British MagazinesTheSpectator旁观者（时事周刊）TheNewStatesman新政治家（时事周刊）TheEconomist经济学家（侧重经济的综合性周刊)31.RelatedWUSA Today USA Today http:/http:/ The Wall Street Journal The Wall Street Journal The New York Times The New York Times Los Angles Times Los Angles T The Washington Post The Washington P Newsweek Newsweekwww.timesonline.co.ukwww.timesonline.co.uk The Times The Timeswww.theguardian.pe.cawww.theguardian.pe.ca The Guardian The G Reuters Reuters32.Different kinds of newspapersbimonthly双月刊quarterly季刊annual年刊year-book年鉴extraissue（报纸）号外specialissue特刊33.Different kinds of newspapersdailypaper日报eveningpaper晚报morningpaper晨报Sundaynewspaper星期日报pictorialmagazine画报memorialvolume纪念刊34.WhatItsCalled报纸专有名词说明报头 masthead报耳 ear标题 headline图片 photo索引 index引题 kicker消息来源 dateline图片说明 caption新闻导言 lead35.masthead报头由报头可知报纸名称,发行日期,地点,编号,售价.等ear报耳各报用途不相同,可为发行标语,或重点新闻图片.等headline标题每则新闻均有,说出內容要点kicker引题在标题下方,为标题加注或补充说明dateline消息来源有些是由自家报社提供,有些则自通讯社购得(即外电报道)byline撰稿人社內记者或驻外特派員lead新闻导言每则新闻的第一段,说明事件的人,事,时,地,原因photo/caption图片/图片說明传达现场的真实感index索引位于首页,帮助读者迅速找出最想看的报道jumpline跳页首页报道经常分页排放,jumpline作用在指引报道续接的页数MainComponents报纸专有名词说明36.Columns of a newspaperthefrontpage头版,第一版bulldogedition晨版article记事headline标题bannerheadline头号大标题byline标题下署名之行dateline日期、发稿地之行37.Columns of a newspaperbignews头条新闻hotnews最新新闻exclusivenews独家新闻scoop特讯feature特写,花絮criticism评论editorial社论38.Columns of a newspaperreview,comment时评bookreview书评topicality时事问题citynews社会新闻column栏letters读者投书栏generalnewscolumn一般消息栏39.Columns of a newspapercartoon,comics漫画cut插图weatherforecast天气预报serialstory新闻小说obituarynotice讣闻publicnotice公告advertisement广告40.Columns of a newspaperclassifiedad分类广告flash-news大新闻extra号外thesportspage运动栏literarycriticism文艺评论Sundayfeatures周日特刊41.MainComponentsHeadlinesLeadBodyEnding42.HeadlineYoucanbeabetterreaderifyouknowwhattoexpectinanewspaper.Whenyoureadanewspaper,youusuallylookattheheadlinesfirst.Newspaperheadlineshavealanguageandvocabularyoftheirownanditisnecessarytolearnaboutit.Readthefollowingheadlines:43.SomeheadlinesWeninNewDehliforlandmarkvisitUS:NofasttrackforChinatojoinIntl-lenderLegislatureaskedtointerpretBasicLawHailstones“asbigaseggs”kill18ChinascollegestudentsgetokaytotieknotNewbridgetohelpspanthewealthgap44.Fan Kills Wife=Asportsfankilledhiswife.Actor Found Dead=Anactorhasbeen(wasfound)dead.Married Women to Get Care Allowance=MarriedWomenaretogetcareallowance.Wu Yi:Further Opening Pledged=WuYIsaidthatfurtheropeningwaspledged.Charles,32,Seeks Bride=Charles,aged32,isseekingforabride.45.Typesofheadlines1.straightheadline:summarizingEg:Girls Die in Blaze Clinton Offers Bush Advice2.headlineaskingquestions:reportingfuturepossibilityorexpressingdoubtEg:OPEC to Raise Oil Output?Korea Unity in Five Years?46.3.Headlinecontainingaquotation:statementnotprovenEg:“We Wont Quit”Vietnam:US Planning Another War4.DoubleHeadline:two-partheadlineforthesamestory,usuallymajoreventEg:Expected to Go to US Castro to Free Thousands of Prisoners47.Featuresofheadline1.Ellipses省略2.Simplifiedtense简化的时态3.Frequentuseofabbreviationandacronym缩略语4.Midgetwordsorsinglesyllablewords小词48.ellipses1.Inheadlines,asentenceonlycontainsnotionalwords(实义词),omittingthefunctionones,suchasthearticle,prep.auxiliary,pronoun,eventhemainclause.Eg:No survivors in gulf Air Crash Ballots,Not Bullets2.“and”isoftenreplacedbyacomma.Eg:Woman Kills Husband,Self49.3.“tobe”isreplacedbyacolonandaquotationisleadbyacolon.Eg:Liu Xiang:Yellow Bullet Kerry：Firmly Front Runner4.Nounsmodifynounwithoutanyconjunction.Eg:Shotgun Death Riddle Drama Zoo Escape Drama50.SimplifiedTense1.Presenttense:thingsthathappened:40 Die in Blazethingshappening:Schools Ask Parents for Money Toward Booksthingstohappen:EU Plans to Boost Economic Recovery2.Pastparticiple:Case Probed Brazil Elite Forced to Make Loans3.“todo”forfuturetenseBeijing to Fire Test Rocket to South Pacific51.Press Style Common StylePresent simple tensePast tensePresent perfect tense 14 Die in Blaze Killer escapes from courtroom.52.Death Toll Rises to 21 in North China Mine BlastBush:US Economic Strong and Getting StrongNew Zealand warns Soviet on seal huntingBush says Invasion of Iraq was necessaryRumsfield Orders Review of Sexual AssaultsRumsfield Orders Review of Sexual AssaultsNine Ministries Issue Joint Notice on Bird FluNine Ministries Issue Joint Notice on Bird FluChina Oil Import Exceeds 100 million in 2003China Oil Import Exceeds 100 million in 200353.Press StyleCommon StyleInfinitive FormFuture Formbate 5-day weekExamples:1.Policies to Boost Farmers Income2.Husband to Sue Wife3.China Football Team to Leave for 2002 World Cup54.Press Style Common StyleThe progressive(or“-ing”formPresent progressiveActive formExamples:Thames approaching danger level.Nude woman rail killing 55.Past participlePassive voicePress StyleCommon styleExamples:1.Case Probed2.Colombian Sent to U.S.for Drug Trial3.Petrol Bomb Found outside Capitol 56.Headlines ReflectingNewspaper writing features57.1在不发生歧义的情况下，冠词往往被省略。例如：Boy，7，killedbyEjectionFromCockpitofNavyJet（TheWashingtonPost）StandardEnglish：ABoy，7，killedbyEjectionFromtheCockpitofaNavyJetChinesePopulationIsPutat13Billion（InternationalHeraldTribune）StandardEnglish：TheChinesePopulationIsPutat13Billion58.2系动词经常被省略。例如：JoblessnessStillaProblem（ChinaDaily）StandardEnglish：JoblessnessIsStillaProblemForecastofMexicanquakeaccurate，butignored（ScienceNews）StandardEnglish：TheForecastofMexicanquakeisaccurate，butitisignored59.3连词、代词、引导词也会省略。例如：Kings，sheiksrapUSSR，US（ChinaDaily）StandardEnglish：KingsandsheiksrapUSSRandUSAnneandbabyarewell（SouthChinaMorningPost）StandardEnglish：AnneandherbabyarewellFarfewerpitclosuresandjoblosseslikelythanrumored（TheTimes）StandardEnglish：Therearefarfewerpitclosuresandjoblosseslikelythanhavebeenrumored60.4现在分词表示事件正在进行。例如：Spinningoutoforbit（Time）StandardEnglish：（TheSpacecraft）IsSpinningoutoforbitIndiaMendingFences（ChinaDaily）StandardEnglish：IndiaIsMendingHerFences61.5过去分词表示被动语态。例如：EconomiststoldChinasprogrammeunchanged（ChinaDaily）StandardEnglish：EconomistsaretoldChinasprogrammeisunchangedJapan：SkilledHandsNeeded（InternationalHeraldTribune）StandardEnglish：Japan：SkilledHandsAreNeeded62.6动词不定式通常表述未来行为。例如：FloridaFreezeToIncreaseAreaProducePrices（TheWashingtonPost）StandardEnglish：FloridaFreezeWillIncreaseAreaProducePricesPopetovisitJapaninFebruary（TheNewYorkTimes）StandardEnglish：PopewillvisitJapaninFebruary63.UseofAbbreviations&AcronymsShortnamesandinitialsarefrequentlyusedinheadlines.1.EUs Future(European Union欧盟）欧盟）2.Splintered PLO Struggles to Stay Alive(Palestine Liberation Organization巴勒斯坦解放巴勒斯坦解放组织组织)3.NATO:Who,What,Why?(North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公北大西洋公约组织约组织）4.OPEC to raise Production(Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries石油石油输输出国出国组织组织）5.IMF:Do They Help or Hurt Third World(International Monetary Fund国国际货币际货币基金基金组织组织)64.abbreviations1.Nohopefor118crewofRussiansubsub=submarine2.Universityentryhardforwould-bevetsvet=veteran3.Putthescibackinsci-fisci=sciencefi=fiction65.AbbreviationfortheNamesofImportantInternationalOrganizationsADB=AsianDevelopmentBank亚洲开发银行APEC=Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation亚太经合组织（亚洲和太平洋经济合作组织）ASEAN=AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations东南亚国家联盟AL/Arab League=LeagueofArabStates阿拉伯国家联盟AU=AfricanUnion非洲联盟CHR=CommissiononHumanRights（联合国）人权委员会CIS=CommonwealthofIndependentStates独立国家联合体The Commonwealth=CommonwealthofNations英联邦66.G-7GroupofSeven（西方）七国集团SNES=Seven-NationEconomicSummit（西方）七国经济最高级会议IAEA=InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency国际原子能机构ICJ=InternationalCourtofJustice（联合国）国际法院海牙国际法庭IMF=InternationalMonetaryFund（联合国）国际货币基金组织IOC=InternationalOlympicCommittee国际奥林匹克委员会67.NATO=NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织OPEC=OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织SC(UN)=SecurityCouncilofUnitedNations（联合国）安全理事会UNESCO=UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization联合国教育、科学及文化组织（教科文组织）WHO=WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织WTO=WorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织pareCar Blast Kills 2 Iraqis（TheNewYorkTimes)Car Bomb South of Baghdad Kills Two(TheWashingtonPost)Three Beheaded Bodies Found in Iraq(AP美联社)Three Decapitated Corpses Found in Baghdad(Reuters)69.1.US told not to exploit Tibet issue2.Forbes:Haier Tops Chinas Brand-Name List3.Visitors Flocking to Maos birth place 4.Russian Presidential Candidate Missing5.US Team in Iraq to Assess Power Transition6.Kerry Victorious by Wide Margin in 2 More States7.George W.Bushs Days Numbered:John Kerry8.Bird Flu Detected in U.S.as Viru