被动语态讲解及练习(附答案).doc

被动语态讲解
一、被动语态得构成形式
　　1、 被动语态得基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态得被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成,
be随时态得变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态得被动语态形式为:
　 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits、
2) has /have been done 现在完成时
　　例All the preparations for the task have been pleted, and we're ready to start、
　　3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时
　　例A new cinema is being built here.
　　4) was/were done 一般过去时
　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer、
　　5) had been done 过去完成时
　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been pleted in Beijing、
　　6) was/were being done 过去进行时
　　例A meeting was being held when I was there、
　　7) shall/will be done 一般将来时
　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes、
　　8) should/would be done 过去将来时
　　例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived、
　　9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)
　　例The project will have been pleted before July、
　　2、 被动语态得特殊结构形式
　　1)带情态动词得被动结构。其形式为:情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter、
　　2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中得一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语得就是间接宾语。
　　例His mother gave him a present for his birthday、
可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday、
　　3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中得主语,其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette、
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette、
　　4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building、
可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building、
　　3、 非谓语动词得被动语态
　　v、+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态与完成时态) 。
　　例I don't like being laughed at in the public、
二、 It is said that+从句及其她类似句型
It is said that… 据说, It is reported that…据报道,
It is believed that…大家相信, It is hoped that…大家希望,
It is well known that…众所周知, It is thought that…大家认为,
It is suggested that…据建议。　
　　例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam、
(＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam、 )
三、谓语动词得主动形式表示被动意义
　　1、英语中有很多动词如 break,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常就是物。
　　例 This kind of cloth washes well、
　　注意:主动语态表被动强调得就是主语得特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成得影响。
　　 试比较:The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
　　 The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”就是人得原因)
　　2、 表示“发生、进行”得不及物动词与短语,如:happen, take place, e out, e true, 等以主动形式表示被动意义。
　　例 How do the newspapers e out? 这些报纸就是如何印出来得呢？
　　3、 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官得连系动词feel, sound, taste, look, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
　　　 例Your reason sounds reasonable
四、非谓语动词得主动形式表被动意义
　　在某些句型中可用动名词与不定式得主动形式表被动意义 。
　　1. 在need,want,require,等词得后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式得被动形式。
　　 例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
　　2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词得主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式得被动形式。
　　 例The picture-book is well worth reading.
(＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
　　3、 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时,又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式得主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
(to do与things就是动宾关系,与I就是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the post office、 Do you have a letter to be posted?
( 此处用不定式得被动语态作定语表明you不就是post动作得执行者。)
被动语态专项练习
选择题
1、_____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A、 Is ; built B、 Was ; built
C、 Does ; build D 、Did ; build
2、An accident ____ on this road last week、
A、 has been happened B、 was happened
C、 is happened D、 happened
3、Cotton ____ in the southeast of China、
A、 is grown B、 are grown
C 、grows D、 grow
4、So far, the moon ____ by man already、
A、 is visited B、 will be visited
C、 has been visited D、 was visited
5、A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week、
A、 is given B、 has been given C、 will be given D、 gives
6、A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now、
A、 are doing B、 are being done
C、 has been done D、 will be done
7、The doctor _____ for yet、
A、 isn't sent B、 hasn't been sent
C、 won't be sent D、 wasn't sent
8、--When ___ this kind of puter______?
--Last year、
A、 did; use B、 was; used
C、 is; used D、 are; used
9、Who _____ this book _____?
A、 did; written B、 was; written by
C、 did; written D 、was; written
10、Mary ____ show me her new dictionary、
A、 has asked to B、 was asked to
C、 is asked D 、asks to
11、A story _____ by Granny yesterday、
A、 was told us B、 was told to us
C、 is told us D 、told us
12、The monkey was seen _____ off the tree、
A、 jump B、 jumps C、 jumped D、 to jump
13、Older people ____ well、
A、 looks after B 、must be looked after
C、 must look after D 、looked after
14、Our teacher ______ carefully、
A、 should be listened to B、 should be listen
C、 be listened D、 is listened
15、 In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar、
A、 is serving B、 is served C、 serves D、 served
16、 It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested、
A、 has been B、 had been C、 has D、 had
17、 Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?
A、 would be pleted B、 will be pleted
C、 had been pleted D、 is being pleted
18、 Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949、
A、 have taken place; was founded B、 has taken place; was founded
C、 have been taken place; founded D、 took place; founded
19、—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?
—She has _______ by her classmates、
A、 laughed B、 laughed at
C、 been laughed D、 been laughed at
20、 Doctors _______ in every part of the world、
A、 need B、 are needing C、 are needed D、 will need
21、 I promise that matter will _______、
A、 be taken care B、 be taken care of
C、 take care D、 take care of
22、 No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building、
A、 been given B、 given C、 to give D、 be given
23、 I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer、
A、 gave B、 was given C、 was giving D、 had given
24、 Can such a thing _____ happening again?
A、 prevent from B、 prevented from
C、 be prevented from D、 to prevent from
25、 A new house ________ at the corner of the road、
A、 is building B、 is being built
C、 been built D、 be building
26、 This bike ________ last year、
A、 bought B、 has been bought C、 was bought D、 had been bought
27、 Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?
A、 was destroying B、 destroyed C、 would destroy D、 was destroyed
28、 It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital、
A、 hasn’t been decided B、 isn’t deciding
C、 doesn’t decide D、 hasn’t decided
29、 The pen _______ me、 It is hers、
A、 isn’t belong to B、 wasn’t belong to
C、 doesn’t belong to D、 didn’t belong to
30、 I can’t use my bike because it _______、
A、 is repairing B、 is being repaired
C、 will repair D、 was repairing
31、 The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so
as to make herself _____、
A、 was expected; heard B、 had expected; hear 、
C had hoped; hear D、 was hoped; heard
32.— The window is dirty、
— I know、 It _____ for weeks、
A、 hasn’t cleaned B、 didn’t clean
C、 wasn’t cleaned D、 hasn’t been cleaned
33、 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in
Beijing、
A、 would be pleted B、 was being pleted
C、 has been pleted D、 had been pleted
34、—How long _______ at this job?
—Since 1990、
A、 were you employed B、 have you been employed
C、 had you been employed D 、will you be employed
35、—What happened to the priceless works of art?
—_______、
A、 They were destroyed in the earthquake
B、 The earthquake was destroying them
C、 They destroyed in the earthquake
D、 The earthquake destroyed them
36、 This is Ted’s photo、 We miss him a lot、 He _______ trying to save a child in the earthquake、
A、 killed B、 is killed C、 was killed D、 was killing
37、 Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future、
A、 cut B、 are cut
C、 are being cut D、 had been cut
38、 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly、
A、 is changing B、 has changed C、
C、 will have changed D、 will change
39、 Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes、
A、 lose B will be lost
C、 are lost D、 will lose
40、 A new cinema _______ here、 They hope to finish it next month、
A、 will be built B、 is built
C、 has been built D、 is being built

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B D A C C B B B B B B D B A B B B A D C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B A B C B C D A C B A D D B A C C A B D