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从句分类v从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词副词性从句性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)v主语从句用作主语,如:That the earth is round is true.(斜体作主语)v表语从句用作表语,如:My opinion is that you should not go alone.(斜体作表语)v宾语从句用作宾语。如:Do you know where he lives?(斜体作宾语)v同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如:The fact that the earth is round is true.(that从句用于解释说明the fact)形容词性从句(即定语从句)v定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:The student who answered the question was John.(斜体从句做了student的形容词,回答问题的学生)副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)v状语从句相当于一个副词,如:When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。(时间状语)vIf he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if+状语从句,主句)。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。vHe returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。(结果状语,结果状语只是仅限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。)vYou must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.你必须大声说话,才能让所有人听到你说话。(目的状语,可以由that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that,in case等词引导。)vSince/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.天气那么糟,旅行就推迟了。(原因状语从句,常用 because,since,as,for fear(恐怕),seeing that(既然),now that(=since),considering that(考虑到)等引导。)vThough/Though he was worn out,(still)he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。(让步状语从句,引导的连词主要有以下这些:though,although,as;even if,even though;whether.or.;no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever.)vWhere I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。(地点状语从句,通常由where,wherever 引导。)vAs water is to fish,so air is to man.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。(方式状语从句通常由as,(just)asso,as if,as though引导。)v主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。如:I am a teacher.其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语。He likes playing football very much.其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语。v以上是英语中从句的三大分类,一个大的框架结构。每样列举了一个例子,若是需要深入了解,文件夹中有分别关于名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句的三个专题。
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