初二英语词汇(教学课件).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,英语词汇讲解,一词多译,cover,Dont cover your eyes with hands.(vt.,覆盖，遮住,),He made up a story to cover the mistakes.(vt.,掩饰,),China covers a total area of 96,000,000 square kilometers.(vt.,占地,),The cover of the magazine is green.(n.,封面,),His book covers a wild field.(vt.,涉及,),They covered 100 miles a day.(vt.,走过,),The journalist was sent to cover the traffic accident.(vt.,采访,),.,实战真题,Do you have enough to _all your daily expenses?,Oh yes,enough and to spare.,A.cover B.spend C.fill D.offer,通过定义或释义关系来推测词义,but sometimes,，,no rain falls for a long,，,long time.then there is a dry period,，,or drought.,drought,意思为“久旱”，“旱灾”。而,a dry period,和,drought,是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由,is,，,or,，,that is,，,in other words,，,be called,或破折号等来表示。,通过句法功能来推测词义,bananas,，,oranges,，,pineapples,，,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.,pineapples,，,coconuts,和,bananas,，,oranges,是同类关系，同属,fruit,类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。,通过描述猜词,描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物做出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。,The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the south pole.it is fat and walks in a funny way.although it cannot fly,，,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.,名词的分类,名词,专有名词,普通名词,可数名词,不可数名词,Africa,Europe,John,China,The Great wall,The Yellow river,专有名词,特定的某人、地方或机构的名称，即,:,人名，地名，国家名，单位名，组织名，等等。,直击中考,Sally loves painting.She wants to be a famous _ when she grows up.,(paint),动词与名词的转换,+ing,Paint-painting,+ion,Appreciate-appreciation pose-position,The weatherman says its going to be _ tomorrow.,(cloud),Do you know the _ of the new building in front of your school?,(high),The musical Cat,is so _ that many people like to enjoy it.,(interest),重点词形转换,Act,Action,Actor/actress,Active,Activate,Acting,Believe,Belief,Believable,Unbelievable,Believe in,Fame,Famous,Be famous for,Be famous as,Infamous,Enjoy,Enjoyable,Enjoying,Enjoyed,Enjoyment,Enjoy doing,Love,Lovely,Loving,Loved,Beloved,Beauty,Beautiful,Beauty and beast,Care,Careful,Careless,Take care of,Take care,Suggestion,Decision,Attention,61.-A natural disaster is very terrible,isnt it?,-Yes.The earthquake in India made thousands of people _(home).,Home,Homeless,At home,64.When we see our teachers,we should greet them _.,(polite),Polite,Impolite,Politeness,形容词与名词间的转换,1,、,Nounadj,Interest-interested cloud-cloudy,Friend-friendly,2.adj-noun,Happy-happiness sad-sadness,Friendly-friendlyness able-ablity,High-height,Weigh-weight,Long-length,Broad-broadness,国家与国家的形容词转换,China-Chinese,England-Englishman-Englishmen,Britain-British,Spain-Spanish,Italy-Italian,France-French,Germany-German,国家复数变形,Frenchman-Frenchmen,German-Germans,Russian-Russians,Indian-Indians,Canadian-Canadians,American-Americans,歌诀记忆：中（,Chinese,）日（,Japanese,）不变，英（,Englishman,）法（,Frenchman,）变，其余后面（如,German,等）加,s,。,The doctor is used to speaking to his patients _.(gentle),Alberto Ramella,is a famous _ football player.(Italy),Our English teacher asked us to _ the poem after class.(memory),普通名词,baseball,star,time,harm,water,apple,可数名词,an apple,a house,twenty planes,hundreds of people,可数名词的数,真题举例,Clean your _ every day.Its good for your health.(tooth),一般在词后,+,s,bookbook,s,以,s,sh,ch,x,结尾,+,es,classclass,es,元音字母,+,y,结尾，直接,+,s,辅音字母,+,y,结尾，把,y,改为,i,再,+,es,boy,story,family,stor,ies,;,boy,s,;,famil,ies,以,f,或,fe,结尾，把,f,或,fe,变为,v,，再,+,es,life,leaf,li,ves,;,lea,ves,以,o,结尾：,+es,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,名词单数变复数规则,【,速记口诀,】,单数变复数，规则要记住，,一般加,s,，特殊有几处：,以,ch,，,sh,，,s,，,x,等结尾，,es,不离后，,末尾字母,o,，大多加,s,，,两人有两菜，,es,不离口，,词尾,f,、,fe,，,s,前有,v,和,e,；,没有规则词，必须单独记。,不规则名词变复数形式,foot_,f,ee,t,man_,m,e,n,tooth_,t,ee,th,woman_,wom,e,n,mouse_,mice,1),通过内部元音变化构成的复数,ox_,ox,en,child_,child,ren,2),以加词尾,_en,构成的复数,sheep_,sheep,deer_,deer,Chinese_,Chinese,fish_,fish,3),单数和复数为同一形式,yuan,jin,mu,jiao,fen,等,Exercises:,把下面名词变为复数,，,city,brush,leaf,sheep,goose,German,child,potato,tomato,cities,brushes,leaves,sheep,geese,Germans,children,potatoes,tomatoes,不可数名词,air,crash,freedom,heat,a blood two bloods,a bar of chocolate,不可数名词的数量,1.Are those _?,No,they aren,t.They,re_.,A.sheep;cows B.sheep;cow,C.sheeps;cow D.sheeps;cows,2.How wonderful!The _ is made of _.,A.house;glass B.house;glasses,C.houses;glass D.houses;glasses,3.Physics _ a difficult lesson,so I,m going to drop it.,A.is B.was C.are D.were,修饰可数名词的不定量词,many,few,some,any,enough,a lot of,Exercise,一瓶水,a bottle of water,一块蛋糕,a piece of cake,一块肥皂,a cake of soap,一则消息,a piece of news,Could you give me _ please?,A.two piece of paper,B.two pieces of paper,C.two piece of papers,D.two pieces of papers,What can I do for you?,-I,d like two _.,A.box of apple,B.boxes of apples,C.box of apples,D.boxes of apple,修饰不可数名词的不定量词,much,little,some,any,enough,a lot of,1.I,ve no time because I,ve _ work to do and _ books to read.,A.much,much B.many,many,C.many,much D.much,many,触摸中考,Linda,I,ve bought many_.Now let,s make a birthday cake.(03,中考,),A.fresh eggs B.chocolate milk,C.frozen food D.rice dumplings,We haven,t got much _ for our picnic.Will you go and get some?(07,中考）,A.apple B.tomato,C.bread D.biscuit,真题演练,I dont think Bills spoken English is _(bad)than Jims.,比较级与最高级,bad worse worst,badly worse worst,far farther farthest,further furthest,good better best,ill worse worst,late later latest,little less least,many more most,much more most,old older/elder oldest/eldest,well better best,综合操练,61.-A natural disaster is very terrible,isnt it?,-Yes.The earthquake in India made thousands of people _(home).,62.My parents always share my_,(happy)with me when I am sad.,63.We are all looking forward to,(watch)Liu Qians wonderful magic show.,64.When we see our teachers,we should greet them,(polite).,如何轻松背单词,冠词,不使用冠词,定冠词,不定冠词,a,an,the,零冠词,冠词的分类,不定冠词的用法,a/an,a water,a book,an apple,a desk,_hour,an,_,_,_ European country,a,Exerciseusing a/an,_ eraser,_ orange,_ melon,_ owl,_ fox,a,an,an,an,a,有些,字母,发音（或,第一个音素,）是元音），用,an,。,这些字母包括,a,e,i,o,u,f,l,m,n,s,x,h,r,There is _,“,m,”,and _,“,n,”,in the word,“,moon,”,.,A.an,a B.an,an C.a,an,There is _,“,f,”,and _,“,w,”,in the word,“,flower,”,.,A.an,an B.an,a C.a,an,真题演练,Linda always takes _ active part in sports after school.(08,中考）,A./B.a C.an D.the,Can I have _ look at the photo of your pen friend.,（,09,中考）,A.a B.an C./D.the,词汇学习第一步,认识单词,认识词汇的瓶颈,耗时,耗力,背,全新思维，突破瓶颈,视听法,数量大,频率高,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词,(,如,because,，,as,，,since,，,for,，,so,，,thus,，,as a result,，,of course,，,therefore,等等,),表示前因后果。,you shouldnt have blamed him for that,，,for it wasnt his fault.,通过因果关系猜词,词汇学习第二步,活用单词,融会贯通，活用词汇,深挖词汇，,“,五五,”,归真,词汇,：,able,1.,单词含义,：能够（,adj.,）,2.,词组,：,be able to do sth.,3.,词性转化,：,ability(n.),能力,4.,转化后词组,：,one,s ability to do sth.,融会贯通，活用词汇,5.,句型转换,(1)be able to do,manage to do,“,成功做成某事”,(2)be unable to do,fail to do sth./fail in sth.,“,没做成某事”,词汇学习第三步,加深理解,altitude,aptitude,attitude,latitude,共同点,-titude,结尾,不同点：首字母串不同,altitude,高度,海拔,aptitude,才能,习性,attitude,态度,latitude,纬度,背词的关键在于理解单词！,如何才能理解单词？,单词的分类,单音节词汇：单词中只有一次元音发音,Way,路,hatch,孵化,line,线,scream,尖叫,多音节词汇：两个及以上的音节单词,Return,impossible,单音节单词,单音节词汇都是形声字：形旁,+,声旁,形旁,开头辅音字母,声旁,从第一个开始的元音字母,拆分法记忆单音节单词,举例,1,水,证据举例,W,“,水”,weep,泪,wage,薪水,wash,洗,Wine,酒,Wave,波,Waste,浪费,本课件由上海复旦托业教育提供,网址：,补习班,www.fudan-