初中英语语法大全ppt.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Revision of Junior English,初三英语复习,Adjectives,and,Adverbs,形容词、副词,区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词,already,常用于肯定句、个别疑问句,yet,常用于否定句、疑问句,*,The train has,already,gone.,*They havent come back,yet,.,such,修饰名词,so,修饰形容词、副词,*,I have never seen,such,an interesting,film,.,*This box is,so heavy,that I cant carry it.,alone,(,单独、独自,),作表语,=by oneself,lonely,(,孤独的,),可作表语、定语,*,He lived,alone,but he didnt feel,lonely,.,*Its a,lonely,village.,hard,(,努力地,),hardly,(,几乎不,),否定副词,*,She works very,hard,and he,hardly,has a rest on Sundays.,The Comparative&Superlative Degrees of Adjectives,&,Adverbs,形容词和副词,比较级和最高级的构成,规则变化,单音节词和少数双音节词,1),一般情况加,er,或,est,fast fast,er,fast,est,high high,er,high,est,clever clever,er,clever,est,规则变化,单音节词和少数双音节词,2),以字母,e,结尾加,r,或,st,fine fin,e,r,fin,e,st,late lat,e,r,lat,e,st,nice nic,e,r,nic,e,st,规则变化,单音节词和少数双音节词,3),重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音,字母时,双写,加,er,或,est,fat fat,t,er,fat,t,est,big big,g,er,big,g,est,thin thin,n,er,thin,n,est,规则变化,单音节词和少数双音节词,4),以辅音字母加,y,结尾变,y,为,i,加,er,或,est,early earl,i,er,earl,i,est,easy eas,i,er,eas,i,est,lucky luck,i,er,luck,i,est,规则变化,部分双音节和多音节词,在词前加,more,或,most,slowly-,more,slowly-,most,slowly,easily-,more,easily-,most,easily,carefully-,more,carefully,-,most,carefully,不规则变化,good/well,better,best,many/much,more,most,little,less,least,far,farther,farthest,(far,further,furthest,),bad/badly/ill,worse,worst,形容词和副词,比较级和最高级的用法,1),表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词,than,引导，表示“较,”,或“更,一些”的意思,*,This cake is,more delicious,than,that one.,*Li Lei jumped,farther than,Jim(did).,2),表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词,the,，,后面可带,of,（,in,among,）,短语来说明比较的范围,*,Shanghai is,the biggest,city,in,China.,*Lucy sings,(the)best of,all.,*He is,the most careful among,us.,3),在表示“,和,一样,”,和“,不及,”,这类概念时，可以用“,as+,原级,+as,”,和“,not,as,（,so,）,+,原级,+as,”,的句型,*,Our teacher is,as,busy,as,before.,*He does not run,so(as),fast,as,I.,4),可用,much,still,a little,even,far,three years,等,表示程度的状语来修饰比较级,*,She is,much,taller than Mrs.Liu.,*He is,three years,older than I.,*This problem is,a little,more difficult than the other one.,5),几种比较级的使用句型,1.“,比较级,+and+,比较级,”,表示“,越来越,”,*Your English is getting,better and better,.,你的英语越来越好了。,*,These days,more and more,people are learning English.,现在学英语的人越来越多了。,2.“,the+,比较级，,the+,比较级,”,表示“,越,就越,”,*,The more,the better,.,越多越好。,*,The busier,he is,the happier,he feels.,他越忙越高兴。,3.“,more(less)than,”,表示,“,不止，不到,”,*,She is,more,than thirty.,她三十多岁了。,*,The lightest weighs,less than,50,kilograms.,最轻的不到五十公斤。,4.“,more or less,”,表示“,差不多，或多或少,”,*,The problem is,more or less,solved,.,这个问题差不多已经解决了。,*,Is it straight?,More or less.,它直吗？,差不多吧。,6),注意点,形容词最高级前一定要用,the,，,副词最高级前可省略,在比较级中为了避免重复，在,the,后常用,one,，,that,，,those,等词来替代前面提到过的名词,*,This pen is shorter than that,one,.,*The weather here is warmer than,that,of Shanghai.,3.,用,or,连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若,or,连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级,*,Who is taller,Mary,or,Jane?,*Which is biggest,the sun,the moon,or,the earth?,7),掌握几种同义句转换,1.He is taller than any other student in his class.,=,He is taller than the other students in his class.,=He is taller than any of the other students in his class.,=He is the tallest(student)in his class.,3.I prefer maths to English.,=I like maths better than English.,4.The box is too heavy for him to carry.,=The box is so heavy that he cant carry it.,=The box is not light enough for him to carry.,Exercises,选择,()1 Who gets home usually _ in your family?,A.the latest B.later,C.early D.as late,()2 The more we looked at the picture,_.,A.we like it less B.the less we liked it,C.better we liked it D.it looked better,()3 What a pity.Lucy ran _ than Lily.,A.a few more slowly B.a little more slowly,C.much more slowly D.little,slowlier,A,B,B,()4 Dont worry.Your baby is looked after _ here,the nurse are very _.,A.careful,carefully B.carefully,careful,C.care,careless D.careless,care,()5 The idea became _.He wanted to try _.,A.,strangly,it out B.,strangly,out it,C.strange,it out D.strange,out it,()6 Beijing is _ biggest cities in China.,A.the first B.one of C.the second D.second,B,C,C,用词的适当形式填空,1 He works very _.He _ has a rest on Sunday.(hard),2 _,he didnt fail in the exam.(luck),3 He was so _ that he couldnt believe this _ news.(surprise),4 He wont do it.I wont do it,_.(too),hard,hardly,Luckily,surprised,surprising,either,5 Mr.Green is feeling _ enough to go to work.(good),6 The old man looks very _ than you think.(friend),7 This box is not so _ as that one.(heavy),8 Lucy jumped _ of the four.(high),well,more friendly,heavy,highest,Pronouns,代 词,代词的分类,人称代词,Personal Pronouns,物主代词,Possessive Pronouns,反身代词,Self Pronouns,不定代词,Indefinite Pronouns,指示代词,Demonstrative Pronouns,疑问代词,Interrogative Pronouns,人称代词,Personal Pronouns,数 单数,复数,人称 一 二 三 一 二 三,主格,I,you,he she,it,we you they,宾格,me,you,him her,it,us your them,1.,人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格,*,They,all like,him,very much.,他们都很喜欢他。,*,She,gave the books to,you,and,me,.,这些书是她送给你和我的。,2.,人称代词在作表语时，用宾格,*,Whos knocking at the door?,Its,me,.,谁敲门？,-,是我。,3.,人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”,*,You,she,and,I,all enjoy the music.,你我她都喜欢音乐。,4.,she,可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等,*,We love our motherland,we hope,she,ll be stronger and bigger.,我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。,*,The ship is leaving.,She,s on her first trip to Boston.,轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。,5.,it,作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等,*,What the weather like today?,It,s windy.,今天的天气怎么样？,-,有风。,*,It,s about five minutes walk from home to school.,从家到学校的路程大约,5,分钟。,6.,it,可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳,*,It,s hard,to reach,the apples.,很难够到苹果。,*,It,s good for you,taking,a walk after supper.,对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。,物主代词,Possessive Pronouns,形容词性 名词性,my mine,your your,s,his his,her her,s,its its,our our,s,your your,s,their their,s,1.,形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语,*,My,brother is a worker.,我弟弟是个工人。,*,His,parents are very friendly,.,他的父母非常友善。,2.,名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语,*,Whose dictionary is this?,Its,mine.,这字典是谁的？,-,我的。,*,Our room is big and,theirs,is small.,我们的房间大，他们的房间小。,*,You may use my pen.Ill use,hers,.,你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。,3.,形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：,形容词性物主代词,+,名词,=,名词性物主代词,注意：,名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。,*,These books arent ours.,Ours,are,new.,(,our book,s,=,ours,),*,This is not our room.,Ours,is,over there.,(,our room,=,ours,),4.“,of,+,名词性物主代词”表示所属,*,A sister,of,his,is a nurse.,他的一个妹妹是个护士。,*,Tom is,a friend,of,mine,我的一个朋友,反身代词,Self Pronouns,单数,my,self,your,self,him,self,her,self,it,self,复数,our,selves,your,selves,them,selves,1.,反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语,*,He thinks more of others than of,himself,.,他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。,*,That poor boy was,myself.,那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。,*,He,himself,was a doctor.,他本人就是一个大夫。,*,I,myself,can work the problem out.,我能亲自算出这道题,2.,反身代词有以下常见搭配,enjoy oneself=have a good time,by oneself=alone,help oneself to,learn sth.by oneself=teach oneself sth.,注意：,oneself,有单复数之分,*,I enjoy,myself,.,*Children,help,yourselves,to some fish.,不定代词,Indefinite Pronouns,不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词,all,each,every,both,either,neither,none,one,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no,由,some,any,no,every,等构成的合成代词,几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词,1.,some/any,some,（,一些,某）一般用于肯定句中,*,There are,some,flowers in front of the house.,any,（,一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句,*,Do you have,any,picture-books?,注意：,some,有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中,*,Would you like,some,meat?,你想要些肉吗？,*,May I ask,some,questions?,我可以问问题吗？,*,Could I have,some,apples?,我可以吃苹果吗？,*,Will you give me,some,water?,你能给我些水吗？,2.,many/much,many,修饰或指代复数名词,*,There are,many,egg,s,in the basket.,*,Many,of us like playing games.,much,修饰或指代不可数名词,*,He doesnt know,much,English,.,3.,another/other,another,泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个,*,I dont want this coat.Please show me,another,.,other,后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的,*,Do you have any,other,questions?,4.,the other,/,others,/,the others,the other,1.,特指两个中的另一个,*,He has two sons.One is a worker,the other,is a doctor.,2.,修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些,*,Tom likes swimming,and,the other,boys in his class like swimming,too.,others,泛指其他的人或物,*,He often helps,others,.,*,Some are playing basketball,others,are playing football.,the others,特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物,*,There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,the others,are boys.,5.,few,/,a few,/,little,/,a little,few,/,a few,修饰,可数,名词,little,/,a little,修饰,不可数,名词,few,little,表示否定意义,译为“,没有几个,”，“,没有多少,”,a few,a little,表示肯定意义,译为“,有几个,”，“,有一点,”,*,There are,few,people,living here.,这里几乎没人住。,*,There are,a few,students,in the classroom.,教室里有一些学生。,*,I know,little,English,.,我不懂英语。,*,There is,a little,milk,in the bottle.,瓶子里有些牛奶。,few,和,little,与,quite,或,only,连用时，常加不定冠词,a,*,There are,quite a few,new books in the library.,图书馆里颇有些新书。,6.,every,/,each,every,单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数,.,不与,of,连用,*,Every,child likes playing games.,each,表示,“,每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与,of,连用,*,Each,student was asked to try again.,*,Each,of,them has a nice skirt.,7.,all,/,none,all,“(,全部,),都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前,*,We are,all,from Canada.,They,all,like English,.,none,“,没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词,of,（,谓语动词单、复数均可）,*,None,of,us is/are afraid of dogs.,8.,both/either/neither,both,“,（,两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数,*,My parents are,both,teachers,.,=,Both,of my parents,are,teachers.,neither,“(,两者,),都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数,;,作定语时后跟名词单数,*,Neither,answer,is,right,.,either,“,两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数,;,作定语时后跟名词单数,*,There are trees on,either,side,of the street.,=There are trees on,both,side,s,of the street.,有关词组及应用,A.,both of,/,either of,/,neither of,*,Both of,them swim well.,他们俩都游得很好。,*,Either of,you goes to Beijing.,你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。,*,Neither of,them stopped to have a rest.,他们俩谁都不停下来休息。,B.,bothand,（,谓语动词用复数形式）,eitheror,/,neithernor,(,谓语动词遵循就近原则,),*,Both,Tom,and,Lucy,are,in Grade Two.,Tom,和,Lucy,都在二年级。,*,Either,my father,or,my mother,cooks,at home.,或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。,*,Neither,he,nor,I,am,free today.,我和他今天都没空。,9.,Something,/,anything,/,nothing,Somebody,/,anybody,/,nobody,当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置,*,I have,something,important to tell you.,*Is there,anything,else in the box?,*,Nobody,can answer the question,.,指示代词,Demonstrative Pronouns,表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包括,:,this/that(,单数,),these/those(,复数,),1.,this,these,指在方位上较近的人或物,that,those,指在方位上较远的人或物,*,This,is my shirt,that,s yours.,*,These,TVs are made in China,those,are made in Japan.,2.,that,those,常指前面提过的东西,以免重复,*,These,boxes are heavier than,those,on the desk.,3.,刚才提到的事情，在英文中用,that,*,He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear,that,.,疑问代词,Interrogative Pronouns,用来构成特殊疑问句的代词 常见有：,who whom whose what which,通常做主语,宾语,定语,表语,*,What,makes you think like that?,做,主语,*,Who(Whom),were you talking with?,做,宾语,*,Which,bus do I need?,做定语,*,What,s your father?,做表语,注意：,在口语中，,Who,和,Whom,通用，但在介词后只能用,Whom,*With,whom,did he play games?,With,who,did he play games?,(,错,),2.This film is less interesting than that one,=This film isnt as interesting as that one,=That film is more interesting than this one.,改错,1 Dont worry.There is little time left.,2 His book is quite different from me.,3 She has two cats.One is white,another is black.,Dont worry.There is,a little,time left.,His book is quite different from,mine,She has two cats.One is white,the other,is black.,4 I have interesting something to tell you.,5 Please give me it.,6 Every of us wants to have a look at your photo.,I have,something interesting,to tell you.,Please give,it to me,Each,of us wants to have a look at your photo.,7 He sits in front of Jim and I.,8 I like to receive letters but I do not like write it.,9 He doesnt know what one to buy.,He sits in front of Jim and,me,.,I like to receive letters but I do not like write,them,.,He doesnt know,which,one to buy.,()1 Is this your football,boys?,No,it is not _,A.yours B.our C.mine D.ours,()2 The bird builds _ nest in the tree.,A.her B.its C.its D.hers,()3 The maths problem _ is wrong.,A.himself B.he C.itself D.herself,D,B,C,()4 _ want to see the film.,A Every student B Each student,C All of students D All the students,()5 A lot of people have tried,but _ have succeeded.,A.the few B.a few C.few D.little,()6 _ of the four roads will take you to the hospital.,A.Both B.Neither C.Any D.Either,D,C,C,()7 I have five pencils,one is red,_ is blue and _ are green.,A.another,the other B.the other,others,C.others,the others D.another,the others,(),8,I have found _ on the Internet.,A.a few,informations,B.a little,informations,C.a few information D.a little information,D,D,()9 I have Chemistry classes _ day,Monday,Wednesday and Friday.,A.each other B.every other,C.this and other D.all other,()10-_ is the man under the tree?,-Jims father.,A.When B.What C.Where D.Who,B,D,