非谓语动词动名词和分词.pptx

非谓语动词考点归纳非谓语动词考点归纳 二、动名词二、动名词l l动名词与现在分词同形，但主要起名词作动名词与现在分词同形，但主要起名词作用。用。l l充当成分充当成分:主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语1.动名词作主语（泛指）动名词作主语（泛指）l lSeeing is believing.l lPlaying chess is fun.l lIts no use waiting here.2.动名词作表语（泛指）动名词作表语（泛指）l lThe nurses job The nurses job is is looking after the patientslooking after the patients.l lHer job is Her job is keeping the offices cleankeeping the offices clean.她的工作是保持办公室清她的工作是保持办公室清她的工作是保持办公室清她的工作是保持办公室清洁。洁。洁。洁。区别：现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，可以有区别：现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，可以有区别：现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，可以有区别：现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，可以有so/veryso/very等副等副等副等副词来修饰词来修饰词来修饰词来修饰例：例：例：例：The news that our team had been beaten by them in the The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising.match was very surprising.我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。让人感到很意外。让人感到很意外。让人感到很意外。The sound we heard last night was so frightening.The sound we heard last night was so frightening.我们昨晚听我们昨晚听我们昨晚听我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。到的声音令人恐怖。到的声音令人恐怖。到的声音令人恐怖。3.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语 下列动词后只能接动名词：下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,cant help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit,anticipate,contemplate,delay,postpone,prohibit,resent,resist,risk,tolerate,forbid,overlook,finish,dislike。Do you mind my opening the windows?下列动词短语接动名词：下列动词短语接动名词：下列动词短语接动名词：下列动词短语接动名词：leave off,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,have leave off,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.devote to,get used to,pay trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be fond of,be worthattention to,be fond of,be worth。I am used to I am used to watching TVwatching TV in the evening.in the evening.特殊的几个动词：特殊的几个动词：特殊的几个动词：特殊的几个动词：v+doing;v+doing;但是但是但是但是v+sb.v+sb.+to do sth.+to do sth.如：如：如：如：allowallow允许允许允许允许,advise,advise建议建议建议建议,forbid,forbid禁止禁止禁止禁止,permit,permit批准批准批准批准,recommend recommend建议，推荐建议，推荐建议，推荐建议，推荐例例例例1 1：a.We dont a.We dont allow smokingallow smoking in the lecture room.in the lecture room.b.We dont b.We dont allow students to smokeallow students to smoke in the lecture room.in the lecture room.例例例例2 2：a.I wouldt advise taking the car.a.I wouldt advise taking the car.b.I wouldt advise you to take the car.b.I wouldt advise you to take the car.to doinglook forward to,object to,be opposed to,be used/accustomed to,prefer doing to doing,dedicate to例：a.I am looking forward to hearing from you.b.I am accustomed to sleeping with the light on.c.The children are opposed to having a party without their uncle.d.They dont object to postponing the meeting until Friday.4.动名词作定语动名词作定语 动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，常用于表示性质或有逻辑上的主谓关系，常用于表示性质或属性属性.reading text VS a reading boya sleeping bag VS a sleeping girla walking stick VS a walking manrunning water VS a running athlete区别：区别：现在分词作定语:有逻辑上的主谓关系用动名词的常用句式用动名词的常用句式1.It is no good/use doing sth.表示干什么事没有用。Its no use crying over the split milk.后悔没有用2.There is no point/use/good(in)doing sth.表示干某事没有必要，没有意义。There is no use arguing with him.你没有必要和他争。3.There is no doing sth.相当于its impossible to do sth或 we cant do sth.There is no denying/gainsaying the fact that毋庸置疑There is no telling what will happen tomorrow.无法预测There is no knowing the future.不能预测未来。三、分词三、分词l l现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词.l l充当成分充当成分:宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状语状语.1.从语态方面来看，现在分词表示主动意义，与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系，如：The man standing at the gate is my English teacher.=who is standing 过去分词通常表示被动含义，与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，如：the broken cup意思是the cup was broken.2.从时态角度看，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词则表示完成的动作。a.fallen leaves:leaves that have fallen 落叶b.falling leaves:leaves that are falling 正在飘落的叶子a.sunken ships:ships that have sunken 沉没了的船只b.sinking ships:ships that are sinking 正在下沉的船只（一）现在分词（一）现在分词1.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果件、结果等状语。现在分词表示的意义是等状语。现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的。主动的，进行的。V-ing 形式作状语形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思所表达的意思.Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.Being ill,he didnt go to school.=As he was ill,he didnt go to school.Laughing and talking,they went into the classroom.（方式）（方式）If you use your head,you will find a way.Though weighing almost one hundred jin,the box was lifted by him with one hand.We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴随）伴随）=Using your head,you will find a way.=Though it weighes 2.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语1.The picture_ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung（二）过去分词（二）过去分词过去分词过去分词作状语作状语过去分词作状语，过去分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示或情景，表示时间时间、条件条件、原因原因、让步让步、伴随情况伴随情况等。等。一般说来，这一结构的一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语。a、表示表示时间时间Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.When it is seen from space,the earth looks blue.b、表示表示条件条件Kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.c、表示表示原因原因d、表示表示伴随情况伴随情况e e、表示、表示让步让步Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved,the children began to cry.She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house,and was followed by her little daughter.Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.Although he was beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.共同：分词（现在分词、过去分共同：分词（现在分词、过去分词）作宾补词）作宾补l l1)跟分词作宾补的动词有：跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,have get,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等等 l l2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补（在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补（v.+sb.+doing)，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补(v.+sb.+done)，表示宾语是动作的承受者，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。构成逻辑上的动宾关系。l lThere was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.l lWhen I passed the gate,I caught a thief stealing an old ladys purse.如如:1.Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth.A.run B.running C.being run D.to run2.You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it _ often enough.A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained非谓语动词的其他考点非谓语动词的其他考点:1.主语一致主语一致1.Having been attacked by terrorists,_.A.doctors cane to their rescue B.the tall building collapsedC.an emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists 2While watching television,_.Athe doorbell rang Bthe doorbell ringsCwe heard the doorbell ring Dwe heard the doorbell rings2.with的复合结构的复合结构with+名词名词+doingto dodone1.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on2_ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease,the patient sought her doctors help to end her life.AHaving given up hope of cure BWith no hope for cureCThere being hope for cure DIn the hope of cure1.Life expectancy in the nation has risen to 73 years,with fewer people suffering from heart disease,the nations number one killer.这个国家的国民寿命已经上升到73岁，由于更少的人遭受心脏病这个国家一号杀手的折磨。2.Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to the system,so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.正如电话系统的价值是随着每一部新加到这个系统的电话而增长，同样，计算机系统的价值随着它所运行的每个程序而增加.There be 的动名词及不定式形式的动名词及不定式形式lThe students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final examination.lHe spoke of there _ danger.非谓语动词练习非谓语动词练习Can you spare me some time?Im afraid not.I have lots of letters _.A.doing with B.to do for C.to deal D.to deal withI cant understand _ at that poor child.A.you to laugh B.you laughingC.you laughD.why laughDont use words,expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being knownB.having knownC.to be knownD.known_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A.Exposed B.Having exposedC.Being exposedD.After being exposedThe discovery of new evidence led to _.A.the thief having caughtB.catch the thiefC.the thief being caughtD.the thief to be caughtGenerally speaking,when _ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.A.takingB.takenC.to takeD.to be taken_ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.GivingI would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having goneThe day we looked forward to _.A.come B.coming C.has come D.have comeThe students expected there_ more reviewing classes before the find exam.Ais Bbeing Chave been Dto be