人教版英语八年级上册暑假预习Unit 1-4知识点讲义与练习题（含答案）（2026）.docx

中小学练习

人教版英语八年级上册
暑假预习Unit 1-4知识
点讲义与练习题（含答案）

学　　科：英语　　　年　　级：初中八年级上册
班　　级：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
姓　　名：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
使用日期：＿＿＿＿年＿＿月

【七升八】2026年人教版新教材八年级上册英语暑假预习 Unit1-4 知识点讲义+练习题

课时分配
第 1 课时：Unit1 Happy Holiday +Unit2 Home Sweet Home ( 精讲+20单选 + 语法填空+2阅读)
第 2 课 时 ：Unit3 Same or Different + Unit4 Amazing Plants and Animals (精讲+20 单选+语法填空+2阅读)

第一课时 Unit1&Unit2 精细知识点梳理

Unit1 Happy Holiday 快乐假期

一、核心必背单词(音标+词性+释义)
1. vacation /ve ke n/n. 假期；休假
2. wonderful/w nd fl/adj. 绝妙的；了不起的
3. anyone/eniw n/pron. 任何人
4. anywhere/ eniwe /adv. 任何地方

5. few/fju /adj.& pron. 不多；很少
6. most /m st/adj.&pron. 大多数；大部分
7. something/ s mθ /pron. 某事；某物
8. nothing/n θ /pron. 没有什么;没有一件东西

9. myself/ ma self/pron. 我自己
10. yourself /j self/pron. 你自己

11. seem/ si m/v. 似乎；好像
12.bored /b d/adj. 感到无聊的(修饰人)
13. boring / b r /adj. 令人无聊的(修饰物)

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14. decide/d sa d/v . 决定；选定
15. enjoy/ n d /v. 喜爱； 享…受… …… 的乐趣

二、重点必考短语
1. go on vacation 去度假

2. quite a few 相当多(修饰可数名词复数)
3. of course 当然；自然
4. have a wonderful/good time 玩得开心
5. feel like doing sth.想要做某事
6. because of 因为(后接名词/代词/短语)
7. decide to do sth.决定做某事
8. enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
9. seem to do sth.似乎做某事
10. nothing much 没什么特别的事

三 、单元核心语法【一般过去时】(新教材重点)

1. 用法
描述过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作已经结束。

2. 标志性时间词
yesterday, last+时间…… ago,justnow,inthepast,lastvacation

3. 动词过去式变化规则
规则变化
① 一般直接加 ed: work→worked
② 以e结尾直接加 d: decide →decided
③ 辅音+y结尾，变y为i加 ed: study → studied

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④重读闭音节双写尾字母加 ed:stop→stopped 高频不规则变化(必背)
go-went,do-did,see-saw,have -had,feel-felt

4. 四大句型
①肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他
I went to the village last holiday.

②否定句：主语+ didn't+ 动词原形+其他
I didn't go anywhere boring.

③一般疑问句： Did+ 主语+动词原形+其他? Did you enjoy your vacation?

④特殊疑问句：疑问词+ Did+ 主语+动词原形? Where did you go on vacation?

5. 易错考点：不定代词用法
· 肯定句用：someone /something/somewhere
· 否定句、疑问句用：anyone /anything/anywhere
· 不定代词定语后置：something interesting 有趣的事

Unit2 Home Sweet Home 温馨之家

一、核心必背单词(音标+词性+释义)
1. apartment / pa tm nt/n. 公寓套房
2. balcony / bælk ni/n. 阳台
3. clean /kli n/v. 打扫 adj. 干净的

4. water/w t /v. 浇水 n. 水
5. hang /hæ /v. 悬挂；垂下

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6. pack /pæek/v. 收拾；打包

7. sort /s t /v. 分类；整理
8. permission/ p m n/n. 允许；许可
9. polite/ p la t/adj. 有礼貌的
10. request /r kwest/n.&v. 请求

二、重点必考短语
1. water the plants 浇花
2. hang up photos 张贴照片
3. pack up things 收拾物品

4. sort out things 整理东西
5. clean up 打扫干净；清理
6. ask for permission 请求许可
7. make polite requests 礼貌提出请求

8. do housework 做家务
9. tidy up 收拾整洁

三、单元核心语法【Could 委婉请求句型】(新教材独家重点)

1. 核心功能
用于礼貌委婉提出请求、询问许可，比 can 语气更客气，居家场景必考。

2. 两大经典句型
①请求对方做某事
Could you please + 动词原形…?
Could you please clean the room? 可以请你打扫房间吗?

②请求自己获得许可

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Could I+ 动词原形…?
Could I go out after chores? 我做完家务可以出去吗?

3. 固定回答
肯定：Sure/Of

course/No

problem.
否定：Sorry,I
can't./I'm
afraid not.

4. 超级易错点
could 表委婉请求时，不分过去式，回答统一用 can/can't, 不用 could/couldn'
t。

5. 固定搭配考点
· finish doing sth. 做完某事

· need to do sth. 需要做某事
· help(to)do sth. 帮忙做某事

第1课时配套练习题

一 、单项选择(20 题 )

1.—Did you go( )interesting during your holiday?
—No,I stayed at home.
A.somewhere B.anywhere C.everywhere

2.I( )to the countryside with my family last summer. A.go B.went C.will go

3.There are quite( )beautiful trees in the village.
A.few B.a few C.little

4.He decided( )swimming with his friends yesterday. A.go B.to go C.going

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5. We didn't go out( )the heavy rain. A.because B.so C.because of

6. My sister enjoyed( )at the party last night. A.herself B.her C.she

7. —What did you do last weekend?
—I( )nothing much.
A.do B.did C.does

8. I feel like( )some fruit now. A.eat B.eating C.to eat
9. ( ) was difficult for me to climb the mountain.
A.It B.That C.This

10. No one( )in the classroom just now.
A.is B.was C.were
11. Could you please( ) the flowers for me? A.water B.to water C.watering

12. —Could I use your pen?
—( ).Here you are.
A.Sorry B.Of course C.I'm afraid not

13. You must ask for( )before using others' things. A.permit B.permission C.allowing

14. I often( )my books and keep my room tidy. A.sort B.take C.make

15. Please( )your room before you go out. A.clean up B.clean out C.look up

16. —Could you help me hang up the pictures?

—(
),I'm
busy
now
A.Sure
B.Sorry
C.No
problem

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17. I finished( )my schoolbag yesterday evening. A.pack B.packing C.to pack

18. You( )talk loudly at home,It's impolite.
A.couldn't B.can't C.wouldn't

19. Mom says I( )do chores every day.
A.should B.will C.would

20. Doing housework( )us grow up.
A.help B.helps C.helping

二、语法填空(10空)
Last summer holiday, I( )(go)to a small village.The air( )
(be)fresh and clean.I( )(see)many beautiful flowers.I decided
( )(stay)there for a week.I enjoyed( )(I)very much.
Now I am at home.Could you please( ) (help)me do some housework?
I need( )(sort)my books.I finish( )(clean)my bedroom. Before I go out,I must ask for my parents'( )(permit).It is important( )(keep)our home clean and tidy.

三、阅读理解两篇

Passage A

Last summer vacation,I had a wonderful trip.I went to a quiet village with my parents.We walked around the village every morning.We took many photos of trees and flowers.The people there were very friendly.We ate fresh vegetables and fruit every day.We didn't go to any big shops or crowded places.We just enjoyed the quiet life.It was one of my best holidays.
1. Where did the writer go on vacation?
A.A big city B.A village C.A big shop

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2. What did the writer do every morning? A.Walked around the village
B.Bought fruit
C.Went shopping

3. What did the writer think of the trip? A.Boring B.Terrible C.Wonderful

Passage B

It is important for us to do housework at home.I usually clean my room after school.Sometimes I water the plants on the balcony.On weekends, I help my mom clean up the living room.Before I use my brother's things, I always ask for permission.My parents say doing chores can teach me to be independent.I love my sweet home very much.
1. What does the writer usually do after school? A.Water plants B.Clean his room C.Do homework
2. When does the writer help clean the living room? A.Every day B.On weekends C.In the morning

3. Why does the writer ask for permission?
A.To be polite B.To play C.To study

第二课时 Unit3 & Unit 4 超详细知识点精讲

Unit3 Same or Different 相同与不同

一、核心必背单词(音标+词性+释义)

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1. outgoing/

2. better/bet

3. loudly/la

a tg /adj. 外向的；爱交际的
/adj. &adv. 更好的(地)
dli/adv. 大声地

4. talented/ tæl n t d/adj.有天赋的

5. truly/ tru li/adv.真正地：真诚地
6. care /ke /v.关心；在意
7. serious/ s ri s/adj .严肃的；稳重的
8. necessary/ nes s ri/adj. 必要的；必需的
9. reach/ri t /v.到达；伸手可及
10. touch /t t /v.触摸；感动
11. break /bre k/v.打破；损坏

二、重点必考短语
1. be talented in在………方面有天赋
2. care about 关心；在意
3. be different from与………不 同
4. the same as 和………相同
5. as long as 只要；既然
6. bring out 使显现：使表现出
7. bring out the best in sb.激发某人的潜能
8. be similar to与………相 似

三 、单元核心语法【形容词/副词比较级】(两者比较)

1. 用法
用于两个人、两个事物对比，出现 than(比)。

2. 完整变化规则
规则变化
1. 单音节词直接+ er: tall→taller、fast→faster

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2. 以 e 结尾直接+ r:nice→nicer 、late→later
3. 辅 音 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i+er:happy→happier 、heavy→heavier
4. 重读闭音节双写尾字母+ er:big→bigger 、thin→thinner

5. 多音节词/部分双音节词： more + 原级
outgoing→more outgoing 、beautiful→more beautiful

不规则必背
good/wel l→ better 更 好

3. 核心句型
A+be/ 动 词 + 比 较 级 + than +B
He is more outgoing than me. 他比我外向。

4. 高频修饰词
比较级前可用：much /a lot /a little 修饰 much better 好得多

Unit4 Amazing Plants and Animals 神奇动植物

一、核心必背单词(音标+词性+释义)
1. amazing/ me z /adj. 令人大为惊奇的

2. dangerou s/de nd r s/adj. 危险的
3. large /la d /adj. 巨大的

4. fast /fa st/adj.&adv. 快的(地)
5. careful/ke fl/adj. 仔细的
6. carefully /ke f li/adv. 仔细地
7. creative /kri e t v/adj. 有创造力的

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8. protec t /pr tekt/ v. 保护

二、重点必考短语
1. look after 照顾：照料
2. kind of 有点儿；稍微
3. one of …… ·之一
4. in nature 在自然界
5. living things 生物

三、单元核心语法【形容词/副词最高级】(三者及以上)

1. 用法
三者或三者以上人/事物比较，表示“最……"”,常搭配 in/of 范围。

2. 完整变化规则
规则变化
1. 单音节+ est:tall→tallest 、fast→fastest
2. 以 e 结 尾 + st;nice→nicest
3. 辅 + y 结尾变y 为 i+est:happy→happiest
4. 重读闭音节双写+ est:big→biggest

5. 多音节：most + 原级
most amazing 、most dangerous

不规则必背
good/well → best 最好

3. 必考万能句型
① the + 最高级+ in + 范围
He is the tallest in our class.

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② one of+the+ 最高级+复数名词
one of the most amazing animals 最神奇的动物之一

4. 易错点
最高级必须加 the (除物主代词修饰外)

第2课时配套练习题

一 、单项选择(20题)

1. Lucy is( )than her little sister.
A.outgoing B.more outgoing C.most outgoing

2. My best friend is talented( )dancing,

A.in B.at C.for
3. True friends always care ( ) each other,
A.for B.about C.of

4. My bag is the same( )yours.
A.as B.from C.with

5. He is different( )his brother in many ways.
A.as B.from C.to
6. ( )you study hard,you will get good grades. A.As long as B.Because C.So

7. This story is( )than that one.
A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting

8. Tom runs( )than Mike.

A.fast B.faster C.fastest

9. Lily sings( )in her group.
A.beautifully B.more beautifully C.the most beautifully

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10. This is( )animal in the forest.
A.dangerous B.more dangerous C.the most dangerous

11. The elephant is one of( )animals on the earth. A.big B.bigger C.the biggest

12. Winter is( )season of a year.
A.cold B.colder C.the coldest
13. We should look( ) plants and animals carefully.
A.after B.for C.at
14. This flower is( )more beautiful.

A.very B.much C.so

15. He works( )than any other student.
A.hard B.harder C.hardest

16. Who is( ),Tom,Jack or Bill?
A.tall B.taller C.the tallest

17. The sun shines( )in summer.
A.bright B.brightly C.more brightly
18. This book is( )of the three.
A.useful B.more useful C.the most useful

19. Good friends can bring out the best( )us.

A.in B.on C.at

20. Animals are( )important than we think, A.very B.more C.much
二 、语法填空(10空)
I have two good friends.Anna is( ) (outgoing)than me.She is ( )(talent)in music.We are different( )each other,but
we still get on well.

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The panda is one of ( ) (cute)animals in the world.It eats bamboo
( )(slow).It is( ) (quiet)than many other animals.I think
itis( )(amaze).We must look after animals( )(careful).
They are the( )(good)gifts from nature.Protecting themis( )
(important)thing for us to do.

三 、阅读理解两篇

Passage A

I have two best friends in my class.Linda is quiet and hard-working.She studies better than most students.Kate is more outgoing,She likes sports and runs faster than Linda.We are different,but we are good friends. We always help each other.As long as we work together,we can become
better.

1. What is Linda like?
A.Outgoing B.Quiet C.Lazy

2. Who runs faster?
A.Linda B.Kate C.The writer
3. The three students( ).
A.hate each other B.are good friends C.are the same

Passage B

There are many amazing plants and animals on Earth.The redwood tree is the tallest tree