高考英语一轮复习-语法专项-九情态动词和虚拟语气.ppt

九、情态动词和虚拟语气,一、情态动词,考点,1 9,大情态动词的基本用法,1.can/could,(1),表示能力,(could,常用于过去的能力,),*The police still havent found the missing child,but theyre doing all they,can,.,(2),表示理论上的可能性,“,有时候可能会”,(,用在肯定句中,),*It,can,be quite windy there,especially in spring.,(3),表示请求和允许,口语中常用,could,代替,can(could,用来表示现在,用以委婉地提出请求等,但回答时必须用,can),*,Could,you tell me how I can get to the railway station?,(4),表示推测“可能”,(,用于否定句、疑问句中,),*Just be patient.You,cant,expect the world to change so soon.,2.may/might,(1),表示请求、允许、许可,might,比,may,的语气更委婉,*,May,I take the book out?,Im afraid not.,(2),表示推测“可能”,可能性比,can/could,小,*,I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?,Dont worry.He,might not,come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.,3.must,(1),表示“必须,;,应该”,*,Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?,I am afraid you,must,in case he comes late for the meeting.,(2),表示“偏要,硬要”做某事,*,If you,must,go,at least wait until the storm is over.,(3),表示推测,“,一定”,*,Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.,Ah,good morning.You,must be,Mrs,Peter.,4.shall,(1),用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见,*,Shall,we go to the theatre by bus?,(2),用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁,;,此外,表示法律、条文中规定必须,时也用,shall,*Will you read me a story,Mummy?,OK.You,shall,have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.,5.should,(1),表示劝告和建议,作“应该”讲,*,You,should,learn from each other.,(2),表示惊讶、意外等情绪,意为“竟然”,*,It is surprising that you,should,not know it.,(3),用在,if,条件句中,表示可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能,*,If you,should,fail to come,ask,Mr,Smith to work in your place.,6.will/would,(1),用于表示意志或意愿,*,Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?,I wanted to,but my mom simply,would,not let me out so late at night.,(2),表示“请求,;,建议”。用,would,比,will,委婉、客气些,*,Will/Would,you please keep the door open?,(3),表示习惯,will,可以表示现在的习惯,意为“总是,;,习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用,would,*He,would,get up early when he lived in the country.,(4),表示事物的某种性质和倾向,或按规律“注定会”,*,Oil,will,float on water.,7.need,表示“需要,;,必要”,用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中,*,I,neednt,worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes.,8.dare,表示“敢,;,敢于”,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句。,I dare say,是习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”,*,I,darent,catch the mouse.,9.ought to,表示义务,意为“应当”,语气比,should,强,表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推测,意为“应是,应该”,*,You,ought to,work harder than before.,【,点津,】,3,组易混词,(,组,),用法比较,情态动词,主要用法,can,(could)/,be able,to,can/could,can,只有现在式和过去式,(could),表示一般能力,be able to,有更多的时态形式,was/were able to,表示通过努力、克服困难成功做到了某事,must/,have,to,must,侧重表示说话人的主观看法,常译为“非要,偏要”,;,只有一种形式,have to,表示客观需要,有多种时态形式,情态动词,主要用法,would/,used to,would,表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作,没有与现在对比的含义,used to,表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,强调今昔对比,(,意味着“现在不再,了”,),【,典例剖析,】,单句改错,(2016,全国卷,)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.,解题关键,:,情态动词,can,后要接动词原形。,答案判定,:chose,改为,choose,【,高考题组,】,单句改错,/,单句语法填空,1.(2014,全国卷,)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening to music.(,改错,),_,2.(2016,北京高考,)I love the weekend,because I,_ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.,3.(2014,全国卷,)You may _(find)that your child is attracted by one more than another.,sat,改为,sit,neednt,find,考点,2 5,大表示推测的情态动词用法比较,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意义,must,肯定句,一般时、进行时、完成时,一定、,肯定,Jack described his father,who,must have been,a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man.,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意义,can(could,),疑问句,否定句,一般时、进行时、完成时,可能,能够,It,cant,be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意义,may,(might),肯定句,否定句,一般时、进行时、完成时,也许,可能,I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.,How unbelievable to get it back!I mean,someone,might,have stolen it.,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意义,should,(ought to),肯定句,否定句,一般时、完成时,确定或期待,“,应该”,I,shouldnt,have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.,will,(would),肯定句、否定句、疑问句,一般时、进行时、完成时,大概,This,will,be the house youre looking for.,二、虚拟语气,考点,1,状语从句中虚拟语气的用法,1.,非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法,if,条件从句,从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,表示现在情况,动词过去式,(be,的过去式用,were),should/would/could/,might+,动词原形,If I,had,time,I,would,go there.,if,条件从句,从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,表示过去情况,had+,过去分词,should/would/could/,might+have,+,过去分词,If you,had come,earlier,you,couldnt/wouldnt have missed,the bus.,表示将来情况,should+,动词原形,should/would/could/might+,动词原形,动词过去式,were to+,动词原形,If it,should,rain/,rained/were to,rain tomorrow,the sports meeting,would be,put off.,2.,目的状语从句中虚拟语气的用法,for fear that/in case+,从句,:,从句谓语用,should+,动词原形,意为“以防,万一”。,*,We got up early,for fear that,we,should,miss the early bus.,3.,方式状语从句中虚拟语气的用法,as if/as though+,从句,:(1),与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时,;(2),与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,;(3),与将来事实相反,从句谓语用,would/could/might+,动词原形。,*,She speaks English,as if/as though,she,were,a native of New York.,4.,一些特殊结构的虚拟语气,(1),在条件句中的省略,:,如果虚拟条件句中含有,were,should,had,三个词,可将,if,省略,把这三个词前置于主语之前,形成部分倒装。,*,Were,I in your position,I would do the same.,(2),错综时间虚拟句,:,当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间虚拟句。动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。,*,If you,had taken,the doctors advice,you,would be,better now.,(3),含蓄虚拟条件句,:,有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中,如通过介词,(,短语,)with,without,but for,等来表示。,*,We,would have,put Johns name on the race list yesterday,but for,his recent injury.,考点,2,其他从句中虚拟语气的用法,1.,主语从句中的虚拟语气,It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/a,pity+that,从句,从句中的谓语动词用“,(should+),动词原形”。,*,Its,strange,that she(should)make so much trouble.,2.,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,(1),表示“建议,命令,要求”等意义时,宾语从句用“,(should+),动词原形”。坚持,:,动词,insist;,命令,:order,command;,建议,:,动词,advise,suggest,propose,recommend;,要求,:,动词,request,require,demand,ask,。,*,Teachers,recommend,parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.,【,点津,】,suggest,意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,;,insist,意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。,(2)I,wish(that,)+,宾语从句,(,虚拟语气,),。,表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时,;,*How he,wishes,that he were a bird!,表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时,;,*We,wish,that we had visited the Great Wall last year.,表示将来愿望实现的可能性很小,从句常用,could/would+,动词原形。,*,We,wish,we would live on the moon one day.,(3)would rather/prefer+that,从句,(,从句用虚拟语气,),表示愿望与“现在事实或将来事实相反”,从句用一般过去时。,*,I,would rather,you,were,not here with me now.,表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时。,*,I,would rather,you hadnt done that.,3.,表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气,(1),在,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice,等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“,(should+),动词原形”。,*,He gave,orders,that the guests(should)be hospitably entertained.,(2)as if,as though,引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时,;,与过去事实相反用过去完成时。,*,It looks,as if,he were 10 years younger today.,*It looks,as if,he hadnt had a meal for a week.,4.,定语从句中的虚拟语气,Its(about/high/very),time+that,从句,(,从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用一般过去时或,should+,动词原形,should,不能省略,),意为“某人该做某事了”。,*,Its time that,we should go/went home.,5.if only,从句中的虚拟语气,【,点津,】,if only,引导的感叹句,其虚拟语气的结构与,wish,后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。,*,If only,the driver hadnt driven so fast then!,【,典例剖析,】,改错,(2016,全国卷,)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.,解题关键,:suggest,表示“建议”,后面接宾语从句时,从句中谓语用,should+,动词原形或把,should,省略。,答案判定,:can,改为,should,或去掉,can,【,高考题组,】,用所给词的适当形式填空,1.(2016,北京高考,)Why didnt you tell me about your,trouble last week?If you _(tell)me,I could,have helped.,2.(2016,天津高考,)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt,been wearing one,I _(injure).,had told,would have been injured,