中考英语复习-第二篇-语法突破篇-专题十四-句子的种类.ppt

,第二篇,专题十四句子的种类,*,考点解读,题组训练,满分突破,小题快练,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题十四句子的种类,-,2,-,-,3,-,-,4,-,考点,1,考点,2,陈叙句及疑问句,1.(2017,天水中考,)Don,t you go to school by bike?,.I walk to school every day.,A.Yes,I,don,t,B.No,I,do,C.Yes,I,do,D.No,I,don,t,【解析】,D,考查否定一般疑问句。句意,:,你没骑自行车上学吗,?,不,我没有。我每天步行去上学。事实上是肯定的用,yes,回答,事实上是否定的用,no,回答。根据答语可知,“,我,”,不是骑自行车上学而是步行。故选,D,。,-,5,-,考点,1,考点,2,2.(2017,白银中考,),have you stayed in this city?,For more than 10 years.,A.How,far,B.How,soon,C.How,long,D.How,old,【解析】,C,考查副词短语辨析。,how far,多远,常对距离、路程提问,;how soon,多久,对将来一段时间提问,;how long,多久,多对一段时间提问,;how old,多大,用来提问年龄。由答语,“,超过,10,年了。,”,可知问句对时间段进行提问。故选,C,。,-,6,-,考点,1,考点,2,3.(2017,随州中考,)Is the mobile phone new or old?,.I bought it only two days ago.,A.It,s,old,B.It,s,new,C.Yes,it,is,D.No,it,isn,t,【解析】,B,考查疑问句。句意,:,这部手机是新的还是旧的,?,是新的,我只是两天前买的。根据问句中的,Is,和,or,可知为选择疑问句,不能用,yes,或,no,来回答,故排除,C,、,D,两项,;,结合答语中,only two days ago,可知强调手机是新的。故选,B,。,-,7,-,考点,1,考点,2,4.(2017,潍坊中考,),is it from your home to your school?,It is about 10 minutes,ride.,A.How,long,B.How,soon,C.How,far,D.How,often,【解析】,C,考查特殊疑问词。句意,:,从你家到学校多远,?,骑车大约,10,分钟。,how long,多久,;how soon,多久以后,;how far,多远,;how often,多久一次。答语是距离,应用,how far,提问,“,多远,”,。故选,C,。,-,8,-,考点,1,考点,2,5.(2017,烟台中考,),?,She is of medium height with two blue eyes.,A.How,is Rita,B.What,does Rita like,C.What,does Rita look like,D.How,do you like Rita,【解析】,C,考查疑问句辨析。句意,:,?,她中等身高,蓝眼睛。,How is Rita?,用于问状况,意思是,:Rita,怎样,?What does Rita like?,用于问喜好。意思是,:Rita,喜欢什么,?What does Rita look like?,用于询问长相,意思是,:Rita,长的怎样,?How do you like Rita?,用于询问看法,意思是,:,你认为,Rita,怎样,?,答语是介绍长相的,问句应是询问长相的用语。故选,C,。,-,9,-,考点,1,考点,2,6.(2017,呼和浩特中考,)He doesn,t speak English or Japanese,?,.He speaks Chinese.,A.does,he;Yes,he,doesn,t,B.doesn,t,he;No,he,does,C.does,he;No,he,doesn,t,D.does,he;Yes,he,does,【解析】,C,考查反意疑问句等及其答语。问句为一反意疑问句,主句为否定句,因此简单问句应为肯定形式,;,再结合答语中,“,他说汉语,”,可知其不说英语和日语,因此第二个空白处应作否定回答,故选,C,。,-,10,-,考点,1,考点,2,7.(2017,上海中考,)Do you know,a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs?,I guess it,s about,￥,4,000.,A.how,fast,B.how,long,C.how,soon,D.how,much,【解析】,D,考查疑问短语辨析。句意,:,你知道香港,5,日游花费,吗,?,我猜大约,4000,元。由答语中的,about,￥,4,000,可知,上句应是询问价格。,how fast,多快,询问速度,;how long,多长,询问时间段,;how soon,多久,对将来的时间提问,;how much,多少,(,钱,),询问不可数名词的数量或金钱数目。故选,D,。,-,11,-,考点,1,考点,2,8.(2017,孝感中考,),will you ask for help when you are in trouble?,My,parents,I,think.,A.Who,B.What,C.Where,D.When,【解析】,A,考查疑问词辨析。,who,谁,;what,什么,;where,哪里,;when,什么时候。句意,:,你遇到困难时将向谁寻求帮助,?,我想是我的父母吧。表示,“,谁,”,用疑问词,who,。故选,A,。,-,12,-,考点,1,考点,2,9.(2017,鄂州中考,)He didn,t go to school late,yesterday,did,he?,though it rained hard yesterday.,A.No,he,didn,t,B.Yes,he,didn,t,C.Yes,he,did,D.No,he,did,【解析】,A,考查反意疑问句答语。句意,:,他昨天上学没有迟到,是吗,?,尽管昨天雨下得很大。回答前否后肯类型的反意疑问句,肯定回答用,yes(,译成,“,不,”),否定回答用,no(,译成,“,对,”),但,yes,和,no,要译成和字面汉语相反的意义。根据答语后半句,though it rained hard yesterday,可知,尽管昨天雨下得很大,他上学还是没有迟到。应用否定回答。故选,A,。,-,13,-,考点,1,考点,2,10.(2017,北京中考,),did you stop playing?,Because I was tired.,A.How,B.Why,C.When,D.Where,【解析】,B,考查特殊疑问词的用法辨析。答语为,“,因为我累了。,”,可知上句是问原因。特殊疑问词,why,就是对原因提问,故选,B,。,-,14,-,考点,1,考点,2,一、陈述句的用法,陈述句常用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等,有肯定和否定两种结构。其语序为主语在前,谓语在后,句末用句号。肯定句变否定句时,若肯定句中含有,be,动词、助动词、情态动词,只需在其后加,not,即可,;,若肯定句谓语动词是行为动词,则在行为动词前加助动词,don,t,doesn,t,或,didn,t,。,Man can,t live without water.,没有水人类不能生存。,She is not a teacher.,她不是一名老师。,He doesn,t like driving.,他不喜欢开车。,-,15,-,考点,1,考点,2,二、疑问句,英语中的疑问句主要有四种,即一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。,1.,一般疑问句,一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实,需要对方给予肯定,(yes),或否定,(no),回答,读时用升调。,Are you a doctor?,你是医生吗,?,-,16,-,考点,1,考点,2,【注意】,一般疑问句通常用什么词提问就用什么词回答,但以下情况例外,:,用其他词语代替,yes,或,no,来回答,从而使语气变得客气、委婉。,Can,you,come,and,go,to,the,park,with,me?,I,m,afraid,not.I,have,a,lot,of,work,to,do.,你能来和我一起去公园吗,?,恐怕不行,我还有很多工作要做。,-,17,-,考点,1,考点,2,否定的一般疑问句通常是以,be,动词、情态动词或助动词加,not,的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。,Don,t,you,hear,of,that?,Yes,I,do./,No,I,don,t.,你没有听说过那件事吗,?(,表示惊讶,),不,我听说过。,/,是的,我没有听说过。,对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也用,yes,或,no,但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。,-,18,-,考点,1,考点,2,2.,特殊疑问句,用疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。一般用降调,其回答不用,yes,或,no,。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。,(1),疑问代词,:,可以对主语、表语、宾语提问,有,what(,对,“,事物,”,提问,),who(,对,“,人,”,提问,),which(,哪一个,),whose(,谁的,),whom(,对宾格,“,谁,”,提问,),。,Whom(Who)did you meet in the street yesterday?,昨天你在街上遇见了谁,?,My classmate.,我的同学。,(2),疑问副词,:,用于对状语提问,有,when(,何时,),where(,何地,),why(,为什么,),和,how(,怎么样,),等。,Where are you from?,你来自哪里,?,I,m from China.,我来自中国。,-,19,-,考点,1,考点,2,(3),疑问词组,:,有,how many/much(,多少,),how old(,多大年纪,),how soon(,多快,;,多久以后,),how long(,多长,),how far(,多远,),how often(,多久一次,),等。,How long have you lived in the city?,你在这个城市住了多久,?,Five years.,五年。,-,20,-,考点,1,考点,2,3.,选择疑问句,提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种进行回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。,选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用,or,连接,其回答不能用,yes,或,no,而是就其选择内容直接回答,往往是一个完整的句子或其省略形式,其语调一般是前升后降。可分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。,(1),一般选择疑问句,:,一般疑问句,+or+,被选择的成分,?,Will you go to Paris this year or next year?,你是今年还是明年去巴黎,?,I,ll go there next year.,我将在明年去。,-,21,-,考点,1,考点,2,(2),特殊选择疑问句,:,特殊疑问句,+,被选择的成分,(A)+or+,被选择的成分,(B)?,Which is,bigger,London,or Washington?,London.,伦敦和华盛顿,哪一个更大一些,?,伦敦更大一些。,-,22,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,B,)1.(2017,广东三模,),?,Both look,nice.Either,will do.,A.Do,you prefer the blue tie to the yellow tie,B.Which,of the ties do you prefer,C.Do,you prefer the blue tie or the yellow tie,D.What,color do you prefer your tie to be,(,A,)2.Wang,Xiaoli,didn,t go to school,yesterday,did,she?,.Although she was ill.,A.Yes,she,did,B.Yes,she,didn,t,C.No,she,didn,t,D.No,she,did,-,23,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,C,)3.,will the plane arrive?,In twenty minutes.,A.How,long,B.How,often,C.How,soon,D.How,much,(,C,)4.Betty is from England,?,A.isn,t,BettyB.is she,C.isn,t,sheD.is Betty,(,A,)5.I don,t think she can speak Japanese,?,A.can,she,B.can,t,she,C.can,youD.do you,(,A,)6.,are you going to the School Uniform,Exhibition,Amy,?,To learn about different styles of school uniform.,A.Why,B.Where,C.What,D.Which,-,24,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,C,)7.,Tom,make,bed before breakfast,?,All,right,Mum,.,A.don,t,you,B.doesn,t,he,C.will,youD.do you,(,B,)8.,is it from your home to,Wenchang,Hill?,It,s about 2 kilometers.,A.How,long,B.How,far,C.How,soon,D.How,often,(,B,)9.What does Mary look like?,.,A.She,s,well,B.She,s,tall,C.She,s,a doctor,D.She,likes dancing,(,A,)10.,is the population of your,city,Ben,?,I,m not,sure.But,I know it,s getting,now.,A.What;larger,B.What;more,C.How,much;larger,D.How,much;more,-,25,-,考点,1,考点,2,祈使句和感叹句,1.(2017,广东中考,),Aamir,Khan played the part of a great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love.,excellent actor he is!,A.What,B.What,a,C.What,an,D.How,【解析】,C,考查感叹句。感叹句结构,:,How+,adj,./adv.,+,主语,+,谓语,!,What+a,/,an+,adj,.+n.,+,主语,+,谓语,!,What+,adj,.,+,不可数名词,/,名词复数,+,主语,+,谓语,!,根据可数名词单数,actor,可知用,what;,又,excellent,以元音音素开头,应用,an,。故选,C,。,-,26,-,考点,1,考点,2,2.(2017,达州中考,),fine weather it is!,Yes.Look,!,many people are walking around the park.,A.What,So,B.How,So,C.How,Such,D.What,a,So,【解析】,A,考查感叹句以及,so,和,such,的用法。第一句为感叹句,根据中心词,weather,为不可数名词,可知其结构为,:What+,形容词,+,不可数名词,+,主语,+,谓语,!,且,so many/much/few/,litttle,是固定搭配。故选,A,。,3.(2017,随州中考,),important it is for kids to imagine freely!,A.What,B.How,C.How,an,D.What,an,【解析】,B,考查感叹句。句意,:,让孩子们自由地想象是多么重要啊,!,主谓部分为,it is,故感叹部分为,important,感叹句中常用,how,修饰形容词或副词,故选,B,。,-,27,-,考点,1,考点,2,4.(2017,连云港中考,),delicious food you served us,tonight!Thank,you very much!,I,m glad that you enjoyed it.,A.How,B.How,a,C.What,D.What,a,【解析】,C,考查感叹句。句意,:,今晚你给我们提供了多么美味的食物呀,!,非常感谢。,我非常高兴你喜欢它。对名词感叹用,what,又,food,是不可数名词,其前不加,a,或,an,。故选,C,。,-,28,-,考点,1,考点,2,5.(2017,宿迁中考,)Have you heard that Lin Tao saved his,neighbour,from a big fire last night?,Yes.,brave young man he is!,A.How,B.How,a,C.What,D.What,a,【解析】,D,考查感叹句。句意,:,你听说了昨天晚上林涛从大火里救出他邻居的事情吗,?,听说了。多么勇敢的人啊,!,题干中感叹句的中心词是名词,man,要用,what,引导感叹句,man,是可数名词,用不定冠词,a,。,-,29,-,考点,1,考点,2,6.(2017,盐城中考,),fine weather it,is!Let,s,go on a picnic!,A.What,a,B.What,C.How,D.How,a,【解析】,B,考查感叹句用法。句意,:,多么好的天气,!,让我们去野炊吧。感叹句的两种句型是,:What(a/an)+,adj,.+n.,+,主语,+,谓语,!,或者,How+,adj,./adv.,+,主语,+,谓语,!,该句强调的部分,fine weather,为,adj,.+n.,且,weather,为不可数名词,其前不可用冠词,a/an,修饰,故选,B,。,-,30,-,考点,1,考点,2,7.(2017,十堰中考,)Ma Long won the men,s singles final match at the 2017 World Table Tennis Championships.,exciting news it is!,A.What,B.What,a,C.What,an,D.How,【解析】,A,考查感叹句。句意,:,在,2017,年世界乒乓球锦标赛中马龙在男子单打决赛中获胜。,多么激动人心的消息啊,!,主谓部分为,it is,感叹部分为名词短语,exciting news,且为不可数名词,故用,what,修饰。故选,A,。,-,31,-,考点,1,考点,2,8.(2017,西宁中考,),excellent work you have done!,It,s very kind of you to say so.,A.What,B.How,C.What,an,D.How,an,【解析】,A,考查感叹句。感叹句有两种基本句型,:(1)What+(a/an)+,形容词,+,名词,+,主语,+,谓语,!(2)How+,形容词,/,副词,+,主语,+,谓语,!,本题的中心词是名词,work,需用,what,引导,因,work,为不可数名词,其前不能加冠词。故选,A,。,9.(2017,长沙中考,),carefully,please!Look,at the road,sign.There,is a school ahead.,A.Drive,B.To,drive,C.Driving,【解析】,A,考查祈使句。句意,:,请认真点,!,看那个路标,前面有个学校。祈使句以动词原形开头,故选,A,。,-,32,-,考点,1,考点,2,10.(2017,永州中考,)David,make trouble at school.,A.can,t,B.don,t,C.doesn,t,【解析】,B,考查祈使句的用法。句意,:,大卫,不要在学校惹麻烦。根据语境知,本句应是一种命令,这是一个祈使句,祈使句是用动词原形开头的,否定句用,don,t.,。故选,B,。,-,33,-,考点,1,考点,2,一、祈使句,祈使句是表示请求、命令、建议或劝告的句子。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句尾用句号或感叹号。,1.,祈使句的结构,(1),肯定的祈使句,:,以动词原形开头,Put away your things.,把你的东西收起来。,Let,s have another try.,让我们再试试。,-,34,-,考点,1,考点,2,(2),否定的祈使句,否定的祈使句有两种,:,Don,t+,动词原形。,Don,t let him go out.,不要让他出去。,Let,s+not,+,动词原形。,Let,s not stay,here.It,s,too cold.,我们不要待在这儿。这儿太冷了。,-,35,-,考点,1,考点,2,2.,祈使句中需要注意的一些情况,(1),有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加,do,表示,“,务必,一定,”,。,Do stop talking!,请停止讲话,!,(2),有时为了表示委婉语气,可在句首或句尾加上,please,但,please,加在句尾时要用逗号隔开。,Please sit down.=Sit,down,please,.,请坐。,(3),在意思较为明显的情况下,可把谓语动词省去。,This,way,please,.,请这边走。,(4),某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号,也可作为祈使句使用。,Hands up!,请举手,!,-,36,-,考点,1,考点,2,二、感叹句,感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式,用,how,和,what,引导。,how,和,what,所修饰的词放在其后,其他部分用陈述句语序。在口语中主语和谓语常省略。句末用感叹号,朗读时用降调。,1.what,引导的感叹句,what,作定语修饰名词,名词前可有其他修饰语。其结构为,:,(1),What+a,/an+,形容词,+,可数名词单数,(+,主语,+,谓语,)!,What a fine day(it is)!,多么好的天气啊,!,(2)What+,形容词,+,可数名词复数,(+,主语,+,谓语,)!,What big apples(these are)!,这些是多么大的苹果呀,!,(3)What+,形容词,+,不可数名词,(+,主语,+,谓语,)!,What fine weather(it is)!,多好的天气啊,!,-,37,-,考点,1,考点,2,2.how,引导的感叹句,(1)How+,形容词或副词,+,主语,+,谓语,!,How tall the girl is!,那个女孩真高啊,!,How slowly he walks!,他走得真慢啊,!,(2)How+,主语,+,谓语,!,How time flies!,时间过得真快呀,!,-,38,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,C,)1.(2017,广东一模,)Please,to lock the bike and leave it by the roadside so that others can use it.,A.not,forget,B.not,to forget,C.don,t,forget,D.forget,(,A,)2.(2017,广东二模,)According to the,news,a,105-year-old man from Taiwan is now studying for a doctor,s degree.,Never,it,s too late to,learn.He,has set us a good example.,A.say,B.to say,C.saying,D.said,(,A,)3.(2017,广东一模,),awful weather we are,having!We,ve,never had,rainy days.,A.What;such,B.What,a;such,C.How,a;so,D.How;so,-,39,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,B,)4.(2017,广东二模,),it is to do a bungee,jump!I,have a fear of heights.,A.How,terrible,B.How,exciting,C.What,terrible,D.What,exciting,(,A,)5.(2017,广东三模,),big success our talent show,was!All,the performers gave a great show.,A.What,a,B.What,an,C.How,D.What,(,D,)6.,amazing film they enjoyed on Christmas,s Eve!,A.How,B.What,C.What,a,D.What,an,(,B,)7.Wow!,!We,ll give him a warm welcome then.,A.What,an excited news,B.How,exciting the news is,C.What,an exciting news,D.How,excited the news is,-,40,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,B,)8.,advice my teacher gave,me!It,has helped me a lot.,A.What,a useful,B.What,useful,C.How,useful,D.How,a useful,(,D,)9.Peter,play with the mobile phone while walking in the street.,A.doesn,t,B.won,t,C.can,t,D.don,t,(,D,)10.“,exercise every,day,my,child.It,s,good for your health.”Father said to Mary.,A.Takes,B.To,take,C.Taking,D.Take,-,41,-,【技巧,1,】,牢记固定句型,简单句的基本句型各有特色,例如,:,反意疑问句由,“,陈述句,+,简单附加问句,”,构成,;,感叹句由,what,或,how,引导,;,祈使句以动词原形开头等。考生要熟记简单句的各种句型,积累一些经典句型。根据句型特点解答有关试题。,【典例透析,1,】,(2016,临沂中考,),do you have dinner with your family at restaurants?,Hardly ever.,A.How,often,B.How,long,C.How,many,D.How,much,【解析】,how often“,多久一次,”,对频率提问,;how long“,多久,”,对时间长短提问,;how many“,多少,”,提问可数名词的数量,;how much“,多少,”,提问不可数名词的数量或对价格提问。由答语,“Hardly ever.”,可知对频率提问。故选,A,。,-,42,-,【典例透析,2,】,(2016,连云港中考,),heavy the rainstorm is!,Yes,the,town has experienced the most serious flood during the past ten years.,A.How,B.What,C.How,a,D.What,a,【解析】,考查感叹句。中心词是形容词,heavy,所以要用,how,引导。故选,A,。,-,43,-,【技巧,2,】,语境分析法,解题过程中,考生要正确理解句意,根据语境,将答案带入题干,然后做出正确选择。,【典例透析】,2016,广东中考,Tommy,play basketball in the street next,time.You,may get hit by a car.,A.do,B.don,t,C.must,D.mustn,t,【解析】,由后句,“You may get hit by a car.”,可判断上一句是告诫汤米下次不要在街上打篮球了,要用否定的祈使句形式。在祈使句中,否定句以,don,t,开头。故选,B,。,-,44,-,1.Mr.Liu,there was nothing about,Cross-border,King,of,Comedy,in today,s newspaper,C,?,A.wasn,t,there,B.was,he,C.was,there,D.was,it,2.Few people today educate the children about the value of empathy,D,?,A.does,he,B.doesn,t,he,C.don,t,theyD.do they,3.,A,exciting the news that the Chinese sports delegation(,代表团,)won 26 gold medals at the Rio Olympics was!,A.How,B.How,an,C.What,D.What,an,4.,Listen,Lang,Lang,s concert is on.,C,beautiful,music!I,enjoy it very much.,A.How,B.How,an,C.What,D.What,an,-,45,-,5.,C,are you looking for on the Internet?,Information about,Tiangong,space experiment apparatus.,A.Where,B.Who,C.What,D.When,6.Daniel,A,play with the mobile phone while you,re walking in the street.,A.don,t,B.doesn,t,C.won,t,D.can,t,7.,D,on the,grass,or,it will“cry”.,A.To,walk,B.Not,to walk,C.Walk,D.Don,t,walk,8.,A,kind and helpful to the people around,us,and,we will make the world a nice place to live in.,A.Be,B.Being,C.To,be,D.Been,9.,C,foggy day it is today!,Something must be done to solve the haze problem.,A.How,B.What,C.What,a,D.How,a,-,46,-,10.Excuse,me,sir,.,C,is it from here to the nearest shopping mall?,Well,only,about five minutes,walk.,A.How,often,B.How,long,C.How,far,D.How,soon,