poorparallelism.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,poor,parallelism,Definition,of Parallelism,:,Similarity of structure In a pair or series,of related words,phrases,or clauses.Also,called parallel structure.,There are many types of parallelism and,the important point to remember is,that,both forms must be the same,.In other to,words if I have two parallel verb structures,the tenses must be the same.,.,parallel words,.,parallel phrase,s,.,parallel sentences,.,use of parallelism,.p,arallel words,1.名词平行结构,错句：This could be a problem for both the winners and for,those who lose,.,改正：This could be a problem for both the winners and losers.,2,形容词、副词平行结构,错句：I don,t know why I married someone who is miserly,sloppy and,a bore.,改正：I don,t know why I married someone who is miserly,sloppy and boring.,.p,arallel words,3.分词平行结构,错句：,The old man returned home,disappointed and,exhausting,.,改正：,The old man returned home,disappointed and exhausted.,.p,arallel words,4.动名词平行结构,错句：,Alice said she,d prefer swimming to,play,tennis in such hot weather.,改正：,Alice said she,d prefer swimming to playing tennis in such hot weather.,.p,arallel words,5.动词不定式平行结构,错句：,I debated whether,I should,give the beggar money or to offer him food.,改正：,I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food.,.p,arallel words,1.,介词短语平行结构,错句：,Studies serve for delight,ornamental,and for ability.,改正：,Studies serve for delight,for ornament and for ability.,.p,arallel phrase,s,2.,谓语动词短语平行结构,错句：May you keep fit,studying,well and work hard.,改正：May you keep fit,study well and work hard.,.p,arallel phrase,s,3.,分词短语平行结构,错句：They entered the classroom,talked,excitedly and laughing heartily.,改正：They entered the classroom,talking excitedly and laughing heartily.,.p,arallel phrase,s,4.,动名词短语平行结构,错句：Dentists advise brushing your teeth after each meal and,avoid,too much sugar in your diet.,改正：Dentists advise brushing your teeth after each meal and avoiding too much sugar in your diet.,.p,arallel phrase,s,1、从句平行,它是由相同的从句并列而成，所连接的句子结构必须一致,.p,arallel sentences,错句：As a young man he had been to Shanghai,fighting,in the Anti-Japanese War,and following,the Nationalist Party to Chongqing,.,改正：As a young man he had been to Shanghai,had fought in the Anti-Japanese War,and had followed the Nationalist Party to Chongqing.,2.,整句平行,它是有句子并列而成,.p,arallel sentences,错句：He explained that the advertising campaign had been successful,business,had increased more than forty per cent,and,additional,capital was sorely needed.,改正：He explained that the advertising campaign had been successful,that business had increased more than forty per cent,and that additional capital was sorely needed.,（一）连词在平行结构中的应用,并列连词and,but,as well as,or,or else,bothand,neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut(also),rather than等以及从属连词than 可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。,.use of parallelism,1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致,He went downtown,bought some books and visited his daughter.,Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century,but not used in warfare until tow hundred years later.,.use of parallelism,2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致,Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test,but also on how you participate in class.,We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.,I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.,.use of parallelism,3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致,Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.,He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.,.use of parallelism,4.所连接的句子结构必须一致,She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him.,The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us.,.use of parallelism,（二）某些特定的固定结构,1.有些词后要用平行结构,prefer A to B,Prefer doing A to doing B,Prefer to do A rather than do B,(1)I prefer rice to noodles.,(2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music.,(3)He preferred to die rather than surrender.,.use of parallelism,2.有些结构中要用平行结构,would/had rather/sooner do A than do B,would/had as soon do A as do B(宁可也不),(1)said she had rather die than give up.,(2)I would as soon stay at home as go.,.use of parallelism,Thanks!,