语法填空.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考题型：语法填空,题目要求,给出,150-200,字的短文，段落中给出,10,个填空，每空,1.5,分。阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式（不多于,3,个单词）。,对学生能力要求,1,、阅读,/,理解,语篇,的能力,;,2,、分析句子结构的能力,;,3,、熟练运用语法的能力。,解题步骤,1.,通读全文，把握大意,2.,试填空格，先易后难,3.,重读全文，验证复查,考点分析,1,、纯空格形式,测试内容,冠词,a,an,the,介词,in,on,after,等,代词,人称代词,I,you,me,him,物主代词,his,her,their,指示代词,this,these,不定,代词,some,many,连词,从属连词,that,until,when,并列连词,and,but,therefore,情态动词或助动词,can,could,should,would,等,do,does,did,等,解题技巧,首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺,成分,确定填哪类词。,然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。,1.Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.,2.Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes _walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed.,3.He asked his teacher,“Sir,the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like _?”,4.You are running too fast!If you dont mind,Ill stop and take a deep _.,it,he,it,breath,方法探究,1,当句子缺,主语,或,宾语,时,填,_,或,_,。,因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词。此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。,还可能是填作,形式主语,或,形式宾语,的,_,_,_,替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。,归纳总结：,名词,it,代词,5.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had _ amazing conversation.,6.A,young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring of clear water._,_,_,water was sweet.,7.By that time,the panda no longer needed _ mother for food.,8.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.,an,The,its,a,方法探究,2,5.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had _,amazing conversation,.,6.A,young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring of clear water._,_,_,water,was sweet.,7.By that time,the panda no longer needed _,mother,for food.,8.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside,for _ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.,在,名词,或,“,形容词,+,名词,”,前,填,_,。,限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词,或是不定代词等。此时,要根据句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义,由此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指时用,_,;,表示,“,一,(,个,本,座,),”,时用不定冠词,_,;,表示,“,某人的,”,用,_;,表,示,“,一些,”,用,_,表示,“,另一个,”,用,_,表示,“,其他的,”,用,_,等。,物主代词,定冠词,the,限定词,a,或,an,some,another,other,归纳总结：,11.He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day,but he felt very happy.,9,.,Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day,.,方法探究,3,10.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.,on,by,of,当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时,就应是作,介词的宾语,了,所以要填,介词,。,具体填什么介词,由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词与介词的句式搭配来决定。,归纳总结：,方法探究,4,14.Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk,.,whom,13.One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.,that,12.Some people waste food _ others havent enough.,while,13.One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.,12.Some people waste food _ others havent enough.,14.,Behind him were other people,to _ he was trying to talk,.,13.One day,he came up with an idea,_,he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches,.,12.,Some people waste food,_,others havent enough,.,当空格前后都是,句子,时，常用,_,；,具体用什么关联词，由空格前后并列的词、短语或句子的逻辑关系来决定。,弄清句子成分。如果是,并列句,，则填并列连词；如果是,主从复合句,，则要判定是何种从句，从而决定填入什么关联词,/,引导词。,关联词,归纳总结：,特殊句式,(1)it isthat,强调结构形式,(2),由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的,only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had,等，还是填,do,does,did,等。,(3)so/suchthat,句型。,如：,(4)morethan(,与其说,不如说,，比,更,),句型。,方法探究,5,考点分析,2,、有提示词类,测试内容,内 容,动,词,非,谓,语,动,词,to do,doing,done,谓语动词,的,时态,语态以及情态动词,形容词、副词及其比较级,名词的单复数,词性转换,方法探究,1,3.Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result)in the contrary to our intention.,results,2.I was on my way to the,Huagai,Mountain.The sun was setting when my car _(break)down near a village.,broke,1.In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the river.It _(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.,was,当句子缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是,_,动词。,此时,要根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态（,_,），再根据语境确定用哪种时态。同时，还要考虑主谓一致和虚拟语气等。,be done,谓语,归纳总结：,4,.,I noticed a man _(sit)at the front.,5.More than 240 million people across the globe receive free assistance _(provide)by the Red Cross workers every year.,6.It took years of work _(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.,方法探究,2,sitting,provided,to reduce,当句中已有谓语动词又没有与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是,_,。,非谓语动词也就是,_,，,_,和,_,。,此时,再根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作,主语或宾语,，就用,_,或,_,；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用动词不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用,_,或,_,；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如,see/hear/notice sb.do/doing,sth,.,spend.doing,sth,.,等。,非谓语动词,动词不定式,动名词,分词,归纳总结：,动名词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,方法探究,3,7.Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _(clean)than ever.,8.It might have made it a little _(hard)for everybody because it meant they had to turn around,but,harder,cleaner,当括号中所给词是,形容词,或,副词,且空格处需要的仍是,形容词或副词,时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的,_(,或最高级,),；若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加,_,前缀,。,比较级,表示否定或相反意义的,归纳总结：,方法探究,4,1,0,.,He must be _(mental)disabled.,11.But Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.,12.He failed his math examination because of his _(care)work.,mentally,choice,careless,当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要,词类转化,。,我们可根据以下,3,条顺利解题：,(1),作主语或宾语用,_,形式；,(2),修饰名词常用,_,形式,;,(3),修饰动词、形容词常用,_,形式。,有时不但要注意词性转换，还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺。,副词,名词,形容词,归纳总结：,A,Whats,1,biggest online shopping day in the world?The,2,(win)is Chinas Singles Day,celebrated on November 11,or 11.11.,Singles Day began as a day for unmarried or uncoupled people,3,(celebrate)their lives.Single students,4,(look)for an excuse to buy,5,(them)presents,started it,6,November11,1993,reported,The Guardian,.,It is symbolized by the four number ones in the date of November 11/11.11 and is also called Double Eleven,in reference to the day it was started,said the BBC.It became a major shopping day in 2009.The CEO of an online shopping site,Alibaba,sought,7,(increase)sales at the e-commerce company.The CEO,Daniel Zhang,8,(launch)an annual online sale that day,said,Fortune,.,When it first began,“Singles Day was an offline comfort for actual single people,”noted the website Atlas,Obscura,.“A small group of students at Nanjing University are said to have chosen 11.11 as a day,9,singles could do activities like karaoke together.”It quickly became a,10,(,culutre,)phenomenon.,真题演练,B,Recently I have been thinking about how I can help others,even,1,the simplest ways.Because I spend five days studying at school,I focus on,2,I can do for my classmates.I started in my English class.,We usually go downtown for lunch.So after I ate my food,I bought two small bags of cookies and a large cup of,3,(ice)tea.I got to class before everyone else,and I decided to pick someone,4,needed a little more brightness on that day.,Everyone came in,5,read the note:“Random Act of Kindness.Pay it Forward.”They were pretty,6,(excite).I acted as,7,I were astonished to avoid being found out and remain unknown.To my,8,(surprised),the boy shared the food with the entire class.I felt good about myself the whole day.The next day,the boy who received my gift did pass it on.And he bought some food and a drink for a student who had class after us.,The,9,(follow)day,I made a CD,which was filled with pleasant music,with the purpose of,10,(cheer)anyone up who was having a rough day or who just wanted to be in a good mood.I put this on another students desk.When he saw the CD,he shared the music with us during class,which made everybody happy.,