英语语法—非谓语动词.ppt

知识框架,专题四,非谓语动词,非谓语动词,动词不定式,分词,现在分词,过去分词,动名词,一、考点明细,考点1 动词不定式作主语。,此时，常用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式放在后面，这样句子可以避,免头重脚轻。,Its easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo.,在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。,It is good to read English in the morning.早上读英语大有好处。,考点2 动词不定式作宾语。,常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有afford,agree,begin,expect,forget,fail,forget,happen,help,hope,learn,plan,prepare,pretend,want,start,wish,promise等。,I cant afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.,我现在买不起数码相机。,I want to show it to you.我想把它给你看一看。,考点3 动词不定式作表情。,不定式作表语表示主语的职业、职责或性质等，通常对系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。,His wish is to become a doctor.他的愿望是成为一名医生。,To him,the first important was to save lives.,对他来说，最重要的事情就是抢救生命。,考点4 动词不定式作宾语补足语。,1.常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,teach,wish,allow,invite等，构成want/ask sb to do sth句型表示“想要/让某人做某事”。,Our headteacher wants us to come to school on time.,我们班主任要我们按时到校。,The policeman asked the children not to play in the street.,警察让这些孩子不要在街上玩耍。,2.使役动词let,make,have和感官动词see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel等后面接不带to的不定式（即动词原形）作宾语补足语。,These picture made me think of childhood.,这些照片使我想起了我的童年。,I heard children talk in the next room.我听见孩子们在隔壁交谈。,3,.动词help后面的不定式作宾语补足语，可以带 to，也可以不带 to。,You must help me to do my homework this afternoon.,你今天下午必须帮我作作业。,He often helps his parents clean the house.他常常帮助父母打扫房屋。,考点5 动词不定式放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后作宾语。,I have some clothes to wash.我有一些衣服要洗。,Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么？,考点6 动词不定式作状语。,1.,不定式在不及物动词后作目的状语的情况最多，可位于句首或句末。,To get good results one must study hard.要想取得好成绩，必须努力学习。,She came here to ask for her book.她来时为要回她的书。,2,.不定式和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”结构，作原因状语。,Im glad to see you.很高兴见到你。,We are sorry to trouble you.很抱歉给你添麻烦了。,3.不定式作程度或结果状语时，常与 enough(表示肯定)或 too（表示否定）,连用。,He is old enough to go to school.他长大了，该上学了。,He is too young to go to school.他太小还不能上学。,考点7 疑问词what,which,how,when,where等与动词不定式连用。,此时，它们在句中作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。,Where to buy this kind of computer is a problem.,到哪里去买这种计算机是个问题。（作主语）,I really dont know what to do.我的确不知道该怎么办了。（作宾语）,The question is how to get there.问题是怎么到那里去。（作宾语）,Can you tell me which one to choose?请告诉我选择哪一个？（作宾语补足语）,I often see him play basketball on the playground.,我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。,I saw him playing basketball when I passed the playground.,我经过操场的时候，看见他正在打篮球。,二、易错点突破,易错点一 两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带,to，后面的不定式往往省略 to。,To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit.,早睡早起是个好习惯。,易错点二 动词不定式作主语时，常与介词 for 或 of 来引出其逻辑主语，,即动作的执行者。如果动作的执行者于形容词具有逻辑上的主,谓关系，那么就用介词of；反之，如果动作的执行者与形容词,不具有逻辑上的主谓关系，那么就用介词 for。,Its nice _ you _ me with my maths.,A.for,;to help B.for;helping C.of;to help D.of;helping,【,解析,】C,。考查动词不定式在“,Its+,adj.+of+sb+to,do,sth,”,和,Its+adj.+for+sb+to,do,sth,”,两个句型中的用法。两者只有介词,of,和,for,之差，但意义不同。用,of,侧重对“某人”的品格、特征、性格等的描,述；用,for,则侧重对不定式所指的“事情”的描述。结合句意“你帮我,学数学，真是太好了。”可选出正确答案为,C,。,易错点三 作宾语的动词不定式后面有宾语补足语时，通常要用形式宾语,it,代替不定式，并将不定式置于宾语补足语之后。,Most young people find _ exciting to watch a football match.,A.It B.this C.that D.one,【,解析,】A,。考查动词不定式作宾语，在“,find+it,+,形容词,+to do,sth,”,句型中,it,是 形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，形容词在句中作,宾语补足语。由关键信息,find,和,exciting to watch,可确定正确答案为,A,。,易错点四 如果动词是不及物动词，且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关,系，则作定语的不定式要加上相应的介词。,We have a lot of things to talk about.,我们有很多事情要谈,.,易错点五 在疑问副词why,why not 之后，动词不定式不要 to.,What shall we do this Sunday,Linda?Why _ to the Science Museum?,A.not to go B.not go C.dont go D.not you go,【解析】B。“Why not do sth?”与“why dont you do sth?”意思同为：“为什,么不？”后面接动词原形。故选 B。,易错点六 现在分词作定语和过去分词作宾语的异同。,前者表示一个正在进行的动作，而后者表示一个完成了的动作。,The book _ by the young write sells well.It is popular among middle,school students.,A.Was written B.writing C.wrote D.written,