定语从句--高中英语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Attributive Clause,定语从句,定语的概念,：,（用来修饰名词的词）,例：,A,beautiful,girl,an,ugly,dog,The girl,behind the tree,is Kate.,The man,driving too fast,was drunk.,定语从句,（用一个句子来修饰名词）,例：,The girl,who is behind the tree,is Kate.,The man,who was driving too fast,was drunk,.,定语从句的相关术语：,被定语从句修饰的那个名词叫做,先行词,；引导定语从句的词叫做,关系词。,关系词,的作用是代替,先行词,并在定语从句中充当一定的成分。,The girl,who is sitting near the tree,is Kate.,The door,which I knocked on,was repaired.,The building is our school.,The building stands by the river.,关系词与先行词,的关系非常密切，关系词的使用取决于先行词，因为关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，所以它在一般情况下都紧紧跟在先行词之后。,The building,which/that,stands by the river is our school.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,which/that,是关系词，它在从句中代替先行词,the building,同时担任从句中的主语。,定语从句常用关系词,关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（代替先行词在句中作主、宾、定等成分）,关系副词：where，when,why（在句中作状语）,关系代词的,判 断 步 骤:,首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词,可用,who,whom,that,。,如果先行词指物,关系代词,可用,which,that;,不管先行词指人还是指物，在定语,从句中是所有格的关系就用,whose,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,先行词,主格（不能省）,宾格(可省略),所有格,人,who,that,（who/whom/,that）,whose,物,which,that,（which/that）,whose,of which,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,The man,(,who),I talked with is our teacher.,A person,who,steals things is called a thief.,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如,介词提前则不能省,),The man,(whom/who),I talked to is Mr.Li.,The man,to whom,I talked is Mr.Li.,4.which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾,语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),These are the trees,which,were planted last year.,The TV set(,which),he bought yesterday is made in Japan.,Is this the library,(which),you borrow books from?,Is this the library,from which,you,borrow books?,关系副词的,判 断 步 骤:,还是要先看先行词。如果先行词在从句中充当,时间状语用,when,或,介词,+which,;,充当地点状语,用,where,或,介词,+which;,充当原因状语用,why,或,介词,+which,。,I still remember the days,when,we work together.,I cant find the place,where,we met for the first,time.,Is that the reason,why,you dont like him?,Join the two sentences into one,using attributive clause.,1.I know the person.His company produces new machines.,2.She is the engineer.Her work is considered to be the,best here.,3.The girl is standing there.The girl is my elder sister.,4.The house is near the tree.The house caught fire last,night.,I know the,person,whose,company produces new machines.,She is the,engineer,whose,work is considered to be the best here.,The,girl,is my elder sister.,who,is standing there,The,house,caught fire last night.,which,is near the tree,1.,The picture _ you are looking at was drawn,by a friend of mine.,2.,What is the word _ he wanted to look up?,3.,The writer _ works I admire most is Lu Xun.,4.,This Mr.Jackson,_ eldest son is a famous,doctor.,5.,Professor Liu,_ I met a moment ago,is over70.,6.,The girl on the left,_ hair is red,is called Martha.,7.Yesterday we went to visit the house,the,great writer used to live.,8.,He was born in the year,the Second,World War broke out.,Fill in the blanks with suitable words:,that/which,which/that,whose,whose,whom,whose,where/in which,in which/when,1.,Is this the factory _ makes color TV sets?,2.,Is this the factory _ color TV sets are made?,3.,Do you know the museum _ many famous,paintings are on show?,4.,This is the museum _ opens from Monday to,Friday.,5.,Ill never forget that moment _ the film star,took a photo of me.,6.,I cant forget the days _ we spent together in,the small village many years ago.,7.,He always wants to go to his hometown and visit the,place _ he grew up.,8.,Kunming is a city _ flowers are seen all,the year round.,9.,The airport _ is 30 kilometers away is the only,one in the city.,which/that,where/in which,where/in which,which/that,when/at which,which/that,where/at which,Where/in which,which/that,3.,先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，只能用that。,e.g.,He is the only person,that,I want to see now.,You are the very person,that,I am looking for.,4.,先行词同时指人和指物时，只能用that。,e.g.,We talked about the things and persons,that,we saw then.,5.,当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时,，只能用that。,定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,。,限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。,非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。,e.g.She said she had finished her work,which,I doubted very much,.,Ive got some personal affairs,that,I have to deal with,.,限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物，该种从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就没有了意义，不能说清楚问题。,eg:He is the man who wants to see you.,该从句为限制性定语从句，把定语从句去掉只剩下He is the man,没有任何意义。后面的定语从句是修饰和限定前面的先行词的，使其具有一定的意义，故不能去掉。,非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词做进一步说明和修释，使意思更加清晰明白，去掉之后主句仍然成立，仍然有意义。,而且非限制性定语从句与主句之间有个明显标志：即用逗号将其隔开。,eg:Mr.Smith,who was my first English teacher,retired last week.,该句中的非限制性定语从句去掉之后不影响主句的意义成立，但有了它，可使主句的意义更加清晰明白。,注意：非限制性定语从句的引导词不能用that (切记！),以下情况，关系词只能用,which,不用,that,。,引导非限制性定语从句时；,引导词前有介词时；,一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一,个用,that,引导，另一个用,which,引导；,He bought a book,that,could give,him much knowledge,and,which,could help him to kill the time,.,注意：当,those,作为先行词指人时，通常,只能用,who,引导；,试比较：,This is the same umbrella,as,I lost yesterday.,This is the same umbrella,that,I lost yesterday.,（同类）,（同一个）,as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句,中、句尾，而which在引导非限制性定语从句,时不能放在句首,只能放在句中和句尾。,1.,As is known to all,Taiwan belong s to China.,2.Taiwan belongs to China,which is known to all.,3.The earth,as is known to all,is round.,as引导的非限制性定语从句时常用来指代主句,的全部内容，而which指代主句的全部内容或,部分内容。,1.I gave him a New Year Card,which,he enjoyed,very much.,2.She was married again,which,was not expected.,as 和 which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别,介词+关系代词的用法,要遵循以下原则,1.,谓语动词的固定搭配,e.g.This is the evidence,with which,the case is connected,.,2.,先行词,e.g.Ill never forget the day,on whichwhen,I joined the party,.,He is the person whom I have to,take care,of,.,I love the music which Im,listening,to,.,1.固定搭配的情况下不能把介词提前，否则词组失去意义。,在定语从句中，在什么情况下介词不可以提前到关系代词前,？,I know the man with whom your father is talking.,I know the man that your father is talking with.,2.关系代词That前面不能有介词。(但是which/who/whom可以在前面加介词),Exercises,1.This is the job _they laughed at.,A.which B.as C.it D.who,2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago.,A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where,3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?,A.we saw him B.we saw,C.we saw who D.whom was seen,4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.,A.heB.whom C.whose D.who,5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?,A.who B.whose C.its D.which,A,C,B/D,D,B,根据汉语完成句子：,1.This is the engineer _,(给我们作关于计算机报告的)the other day.,2.My necklace is not _.(唯一不见的东西).,3.The man_ (在这间房子里工作的)is an English teacher.,4.The old building,_(,我们住的)has been here for 30 years.,5.The history book _,(封皮是黄的）was lost.,who gave us a talk about computers,the only thing thats missing,who works in the room,(that/which)we live in,whose cover is yellow,根据汉语完成句子：,6.Here is the pen _ .(你昨天丢失的）,7.This is the best book_.,(我读过的）,8.I have lost the pen_.（我父亲给我买的）,9.Wheat is a plant_,_.（中国北方 种植的）,10.I dont like the people_.,(说得多,做得少的）,(that/which)you lost yesterday.,(that)I have ever read,(which/that)my father bought me,which/that is grown,who talk too much but do little,in the north of China,Homework:,Revise the attributive clause.,2.Finish the testing paper about the attributive clause.,THE END,Thank you!,