管理信息系统计算机系统.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2.1 硬件 Hardware,二进制 Binary Bit 0,1,十进制 Decimal 0,1,.,9,十六进制 Hexadecimal 0,1,.,9,A,.,F,1 110,+1 101,10 110,000,110,11110,第4章 计算机系统,8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0,2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2,256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1,八位叫 Byte 汉字要16位,ASCII(American Standard Code for,Information Interchange),EBCDIC(Extended BCD Interchange,Code),Arithmetic,Unit,运算器,Control Unit 控制器,S,t,o,r,a,g,e,存储,器,I,/,O,计算机部件结构,ADD006,str008,12,47,47,运算器,Arithmetic Unit,35 +12,ADD006,控制器,Control Unit,ADD oo6,001,003,002,指令的执行,微型计算机系统结构,第5章 计算机硬件和软件,5.2带寄存器组的运算器,图5.3控制器的结构图,图5.4循序处理与并行处理,软件 Software,Set of Instructions that control and operation of computer system.,系统软件(System Software):,Programs that manage and support the resources and operations,of a computer system.,应用软件(Application Software),Programs that direct the performance of a particular use or,application of computers to meet the information processing needs,of end user.,硬件,Hardware,(,nudity,),系统软件,System Software,应用软件,Application Software,终端用户软件,End User Computing,计算机用户,应用软件,系统软件,硬件,图5.5系统层次结构图,计算机软件,Computer Software,系统软件,System Software,应用软件,Application Software,系统管理,系统支持,系统开发,专用应用,通用应用,.OS,.OE,.DBMS,.Tele.,Utility,Perfor.,.Secur.,Language,CASE,Word,Spread-,sheet,Accounting,Marketing,计算机软件,系统软件 应用软件,系统管理程序系统支持程序系统开发程序通用应用程序专业应用程序,操作系统系统应用程序程序设计语言字处理会计-通用帐务等,操作环境执行管理器翻译器电子表市场-销售分析等,数据库管理系统执行管理器程序设计环境数据库管理制造-产品控制等,通信管理器安全管理器计算机辅助通信财务-投资预算等,软件工程包（CASE）绘图,图5.6计算机软件分类,Operating,System,DOS,UNIX,WINDOWS,General,Applications,Office,Sys.Deve.,Language,Power Builder,Special Application,SAP,JDE,Oracle,用友,CASE,操作系统 Operating System,用户接口 User Interface,资源管理,支持服务,文件管理,任务管理,Resources Task Document Support,Management Management Management service,机器语言,(Machine Language),汇编语言,(Assembler Language),高级语言,(High-Level Language),第四代语言,(Fourth-Generation Language),计算机语言(Programming Language),机器语言 高级语言,1010 11001 Basic:X=Y+Z,1011 11010 COBOL:,1100 11011 COMPUTE X=Y+Z,汇编语言 4GL,LOD Y Sum The ADD Z Following Numbers,STR X Y,Z,软件发展趋势,SOFT WARE TREND,1.Use of off-shelf software package acquired by users from,software venders.用商用软件包.,2.Toward nonprocedural natural languages that are closer,to human conversation.非过程自然语言.,Graphics and Artificial intelligence.,Fifth generation language.,Powerful,multipurpose,expert-assistant software packages,with natural language and graphical interface for end users.,DISK,TAPE,OPTICAL STORAGE,SECONDARY STORAGE,TRACKS,START,OF,TRACKS,DIRECTORY ON TRACK 0,SECTOR,EACH TRACK HOLDS,SA,ME AMOUNT OF DATA,TRACKS AND SECTORS,6.30,Source:Senn,Information Technology in Business1995,DISK PACK STORAGE,LARGE SYSTEMS,RELIABLE STORAGE,LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA,QUICK ACCESS&RETRIEVABLE,TYPICAL:11 2-SIDED DISKS,CYLINDER:SAME TRACK ALL SURFACES,CYLINDER 10:TRACK 10(TOP AND BOTTOM OF EACH DISK),DISK 1,DISK 2,DISK 3,DISK 4,DISK 5,READ/WRITE,HEADS,6.31,STANDARD FOR,SEQUENTIAL FILES,SPOOL OF PLASTIC TAPE COVERED WITH FERROUS OXIDE(2400 feet per spool),RECORD GROUPS:,BLOCKING FACTOR,(e.g.,10 records per block),GROUPS SEPARATED BY,INTER-BLOCK GAP,RECORDS READ BLOCK AT A TIME,*,HEADER IBG BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3,MAGNETIC TAPE,6.32,ENCLOSED FERROUS OXIDE TAPE,USED PERIODICALLY TO BACK UP RECORDS,INEXPENSIVE,STORED IN SAFE LOCATION,CAN BE REUSED,MAGNETIC CARTRIDGE,6.33,CD-ROM:500-660 MEGABYTES,LAND:,FLAT PARTS OF DISK,SURFACE,REFLECTS LIGHT,PITS:,SMALL SCRATCH ON SURFACE SCATTERS LIGHT,WORM:WRITE ONCE/READ MANY,ERASABLE OPTICAL STORAGE(EOS)DISKS,*,OPTICAL STORAGE,6.34,MULTIMEDIA WORKSTATION,CD-ROM,HEADPHONES,STEREO SPEAKERS,LEFT,RIGHT,WOOFER,SUPER VGA MONITOR,VIDEO BOARD,+EXTRA MEMORY,STEREO SOUND BOARD,(32 BIT:WAV,MIDI,CD),AT LEAST 16 MG RAM,(32 MG MUCH BETTER),JOYSTICK,HARD DRIVE:1 GIG OR MORE,JAZ DRIVE,6.35,