英语中的平行结构.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,高考专题,英语中的平行结构,连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。,并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。,从属连词用来引导名词从句和各类的状语从句。,一、平行结构,即并列结构：由并列连词连接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。,常见的并列连词有：,1、表递进关系：and,not onlybut also,neithernor,not but,2.选择关系：or，eitheror,otherwise,whether.or,3.转折对比关系:but,yet,whereas,while,still,4.因果关系：so,for,5.并列关系：and,when,三、平行结构主要类型,1.名词和名词平行结构,The patients symptoms were,fever,dizziness,and,headache,.,病人的症状是,发烧、头晕和头痛,。,2.形容词和形容词平行结构,Early to bed and early to rise makes a man,healthy,wealthy,and,wise.,早睡早起使人,健康、富有、聪明,。,3.副词和副词平行结构,The work is,handsomely,and,skillfull,y done.,这项工作做得,漂亮，有水平,。,4.分词平行结构(现在分词与现在分词/过去分词与过去分词),The boys were running,shouting,and,laughing.,男孩子们边跑，,边喊叫着、笑着。,（伴随状语）,The old man returned home,disappointed,and,exhausted.,5.动名词doing平行结构,Henrys work is,reading books,and,writing book reviews,.,亨利的工作是,读读书，写写书评,。,6.动词不定式平行结构,On the other hand,40%think that fees should be charged because you need money,to pay gardeners and other workers,and,(to)buy plants and young trees,.另一方面，40%的同学认为应收门票，他们认为门票费可以作为支付园林工人及其他工作人员的工资和购买新花木的费用。,and 连接并列不定式第二个不定式往往省略 to。,7.介词短语平行结构,1）Your semester grade is based,not only,on how well you do on each test,but also,on how you participate in class.,2）We often go,to the countryside,as well as,to factories,.,8.谓语动词平行结构,谓语形式时态要一致,He,went,downtown,bought,some books and,visited,his daughter.,9.句子的并列（并列句）,I was tired,but,I felt happy.,四、需掌握的知识点,1.be about to do sth when+从句,2.祈使句+and+句子,3.while conj.然而，而,4.分辨谓语动词的并列和伴随状语,5.what名词性短语的并列,6.“随着”两种表达:with+复合结构/as+句子,7.分辨短语和句子,8.分辨定语从句和并列句,9.不定式的并列,10.分辨：句子+并列连词+句子、短语+句子,五,、,And的用法,综述：and 是并列连词，它既能连接两个并列（平行）的结构，也能连接两个并列的分句。我们可以通过分析它在句子结构中的功能，从而巧妙的解题。,例1:the goat rolled over and _.A.died B.dead C.dying D.death,2.He called at every door and _ people the exciting news.,A.tell B.telling C.told D.having told,called 和 and 为并列谓语。若将and改为逗号，择选B，现在分词作伴随状语。,若是既无and也无逗号，则用不定式to tell 作目的状语。,既是B:He called at every door,telling,people the exciting news.,C:He called at every door,to tell,people the exciting news.,3.She went to the market,_ everything she needed and took a taxi home.,A.buy B.bought C.buying D,to buy,三个并列的谓语动词：went,bought and took,B.并列句and和定语从句的转换,Ex:Bamboos are hollow and this makes them very light.,定从：Bamboos are hollow,which makes them very light.,1.She heard a terrible noise and _ brought her heart into her mouth.,A.which B.it C./D.what,转换：She heard a terrible noise,which,brought her heart into her mouth.,comes-coming/and leaves,keep-keeping/and you,判断下列句子的正误,1.The weather turned out to be very good,it was more than we could expect.,2.Spring comes,leaves turn green.,3.Keep on trying,youll succeed.,4.They get coal out of the ground,changing it into electricity and send it to many places.,5.He has made a wonderful discovery,which I think it is of great help to us.,It-which/it 前加and,changing-change,6.They got off the train,carrying all their cases and their fathers jacket.,7.Turning down the radio and the baby is sleeping.,8.I have three coats,none of them fits me.,9.The secretary worked into the night,preparing a long speech for the president.,10.As there are nearly 50 streets in the city,most of which we cant remember clearly.,Turning-Turn,them-which/and none,which-them,在高考中的体现及解题思路,1.The house belongs to my aunt but shehere any more(2006年全国卷)Ahasnt lived Bdidnt live,Chadnt lived Ddoesnt live,解析：but前后分句的,时态平衡。,but连接两个并列句，第一个分句谓语动词belongs属于一般现在时态，but后的分句也用一般现在时态doesnt live来表达以保持时态平衡,选D。,2.The old couple married for 40 years and never once _with each other.(2003全国卷)A.they had quarreled.B.they have quarreled C.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled.,解析：这对老夫妻已结婚40年了,他们彼此从未吵过架.本题的关键词是and,and前是句子,and 后也应是句子形式，后一分句以never开头的则应,倒装,C,。,3.She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.（1994）A.arriving B.to arrive C.having arrivedD.and arrived,分析：她天黑后回家，一个小时后到家。A C是分词 A为分词一般式doing,表示与谓语同时发生；having arrived表示先于谓语发生；to arrive表示目的。很明显先set out 后arrive排除A和C而本题时态是一般过去时，所以选D.and连接两个谓语。,5.It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular,and _ better ones of your own.A.introduces B.to introduce C.introducing D.introduced,句中的并列连词and连接的是两个对称的并列成分，由于其前的considering为动名词，所以空格处也要用动名词。选,6One learns a language by making mistakes andthemAcorrect Bcorrecting Ccorrects Dto correct,解析：列连词and连接两个动名词短语making mistakes和correcting them作介词by的宾语，使其and前后形式一致。选B。,8The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.(重庆卷)A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finished,解析：B。两个“句子”间没有并列连词，不可能填一个完整的谓语，可以最先排除C和D。再根据句意，由于lessons与动词finish之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词。,单选题：,1.The young member made several proposals,and none of _ considered practical or acceptable.,A.them B.which C.it D.what,2.Jingqiu,the young heroine of the new Zhang Yimou movie,Under the Hawthorn Tree,is a very innocent high school student,_ love story set in _ mid 1970s.,A.her;the B.whose;/C.whose;the D.her;/,6.On Sunday afternoon,Mrs.Green went to the market,_ some bananas and visited her cousin.,A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy,7.She set out soon after dark_ home an hour later.,A.arriving B.to arrive,C.having arrived D.and arrived,8._ the poem a second time,the meaning will become clearer to you.,A.Your having read B.While reading,C.If reading D.When you read,9._ it with me and Ill see what I can do.,A.When left B.Leaving,C.Leave D.If you leave,10.The children climbed up the hill,_ they picnicked.,A.on its top B.on the top of it,C.on whose top D.on the top of that,11.While reading,_.,A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell was rang,C.we heard the doorbell ring,D.the bell of the door rang,12._ many times,but he still couldnt understand it.,A.Having been told B.Though he had been told,C.He was told D.Having told,13._ the road and youll soon get to the museum.,A.Walking on B.Following C.Walk D.Take,14._ an expert,so he knew exactly what to do.,A.Being B.Having been C.As D.He was,15.The dictionary is expensive,_ we could have to buy it.,A.but B.and C.or D.so,21.John got the first place and _ made his parents happy.,A.which B.that C.as D.what,22.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.,A.ride;ride B.riding;ride,C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding,23.You can only be sure of _ you have at present,you can not be sure of something _ you might get in the future.,A.that;what B.what;/,C.which;that D./;that,24.He was educated at the local high school,_ he went to Beijing University.,A.after which B.after that,C.in which D.in that,25.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,_ wanted to buy it.,A.none of them B.both of them,c.none of whom D.neither of whom,26.She brought with her three friends,none of _ I had ever met before.,A.them B.who C.whom D.these,27.The artist was born poor,_ poor he remained all his life.,A.and B.or C.but D.so,28.Tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a child.,A.when B.if C.and D.till,29._ more and more forests were destroyed,some animals are facing the danger of dying out.,A.By B.With C.As D.For,30.Tom is very good at science,_ for his brother,art is his favorite.,A.but B.while C.therefore D.and,