高考英语二轮复习第三部分阅读理解专题四猜测词义类.ppt

二轮,英语,1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to“.”,2.What does the underlined word/sentence mean in the last,paragraph,3.What does the author probably mean by“.”,4.The underlined word“.”in the context/in Paragraph.,probably means.,5.The term“.”can be best replaced by.,6.The word“.”probably refers to.,7.As used in the line.,the word“.”refers to.,8.According to the passage,the word“.”is known as,.,专题四猜测词义类,设问方式,9.The word/phrase“.”is closest in meaning to.,10.By saying“.”,the author means.,11.The passage uses the word“.”to refer to.,12.The words“.”in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people,who.,13.In the last paragraph“.”probably means.,14.According to the author,the underlined word“.”,means.,15.From the context/passage,we can infer that the word,“.”means.,16.What does the(underlined)word“.”refer to,考点一,猜测词义题,【典例1】(2014辽宁,B片段),Situation,Q:If I remember my friends birthday a day late,should I,apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing,happened,A:This is the reason why the word belated was,invented.“Happy belated birthday!”is short for:,“Well,I know I forgot,but then I remembered.Forgive me,and happy birthday.”,27.The underlined word“belated”in Situation probably,means,.,A.predicted B.returned C.cancelled D.delayed,剖析:D,猜测词义题。根据Situation 中的“If I remember my friends birthday a day late”(如果“我”晚一天才记起朋友的生日)可知,此处的belated应该与a day late相关,根据构词法(be+late+d)也不难猜测出belated在意义上与delayed相近,故选D。,名师在线,利用构词法解答此类题目,首先要熟练掌握构词法的基本知识。,英语中的构词法主要有三种,即复合法、派生法和转化法。而派生是很重要的一种方法,它是由词根、前缀和后缀组成的。词根是单词最重要的部分,表达单词的基本含义,在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申或转变原词的意思。所以掌握各种词根、前缀、后缀等的基本含义,猜测所构成的新词含义就会事半功倍。另外还可利用带入验证法解题。,高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义题主要集中在派生和合成两种形式上,对猜测的词义可带入句子进行验证,看是否符合语境,从而推测出,答案。,【典例2】(2015四川,D片段),And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.Dr Dominoni said,“In Glasgow where I live,gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls.During the breeding(繁殖)season,between April and June,they are very active at night and very noisy and people cant sleep.”,44.What does the underlined word“nocturnal”in Paragraph,5 mean,A.Active at night.B.Inactive at night.,C.Active during the day.D.Inactive during the day.,剖析:A,词义猜测题。根据And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also.以及.they are very active at night.可以推断,这里的nocturnal应该表示“夜间活动的”。,【典例3】,(2015广东,D片段),It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.Each class had unique characteristics.,In recent years,many writers have begun to speak of the decline of classand classless societyin Britain.And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.,But pronouncing the death of class is too early.A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class;73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society;and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences.Thus,class may not be culturally and politically obvious,yet it remains an important part of British society.Britain seems to have a love of,stratification,.,42.The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in,meaning to,.,A.variety B.division,C.authority D.qualification,剖析:B,词义猜测题。根据本段提到大部分英国人认为英国社会还是存在阶级差别可知,此处应该是总结本段的主题,由此可推出画线词正是“划分,区分”之意。,名师在线,通过同义、反义关系猜测词义。在生词所在的上下文中,有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语,这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。,【典例4】,(2014江西,D片段),However,at the back of the minds of many people,especially those who miss the“good old days”,efficiency comes with a price,.When communication becomes more efficient,people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to.The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or see each other without even leaving their homes.With the communication,gadgets,such as mobile phones and ipads,people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the persons presence for as long as the visit lasts.We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.,71.The underlined word“gadgets”is closest in meaning,to,.,A.toolsB.messagesC.barriersD.skills,剖析:A,猜测词义题。根据前文的With the communication及后面的such as mobile phones and ipads可知A项正确。,【典例5】,(2015江苏,D片段),Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both,tyrannies,one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.,65.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2,refer to,A.Countries where their people need help.,B.Powerful states with higher civilization.,C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.,D.Governments ruled with absolute power.,剖析:D,词义猜测题。此类题目一定要结合上下文来解答,首先看画线词tyrannies的同位语one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses(一个很有权势的人统治一大群无助的人),再分析各选项含义可知D项“用绝对权力来统治的政府”与此意思相近。A项“人们需要帮助的国家”、B项“具有较高文明的强有力的国家”和C项“人们享有自由的伟大帝国”均与词义本身相差甚远。,名师在线,通过定义、解释和举例猜测词义。在一些文章中,特别是新闻报道及科普类说明文中,生词后面往往用that is,mean,stand for,namely,refer to,in other words等或破折号、冒号引出说明性的内容,有时也用同位语、定语从句进行解释说明。还有些文章经常用例子来说明前面较难理解的词,这些例子可帮助考生准确猜测生词。文章举例时,常常会用一些连接词,如:such as,like,for example等。,【典例6】(2015新课标全国,C片段),The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.,31.What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph,refer to,A.Artworks.B.Projects.,C.Donations.D.Documents.,剖析:A,词义猜测题。本段强调了对主要作品进行了精选(the fine selection of the major works),又点明contributions来自其他机构,所以可推断出contributions应该属于works的范畴。故选项A正确。,【典例7】,(2015北京,C片段),The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射)light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it,dead,in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.,64.The underlined word“dead”in Paragraph 3 means,.,A.silently B.gradually,C.regularly D.completely,剖析:D,词义猜测题。由第三句可知,一些物体使光发生了散射,第四句中others absorb light表示其他的物体吸收光,由此可以猜测出它们完全阻止了光的传播,因此这里dead意为“完全地”,故选D。,【典例8】(2015四川,B片段),Determined,Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didnt look that bad,and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell,it didnt offend the nose so much,either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition,but it was surprisingly edible,and we drank up every last drop of soup!,36.What does the underlined word“offend”in the last,paragraph mean,A.To attract.B.To upset.,C.To air.D.To shut.,剖析:D 词义猜测题。由It didnt look that bad.it didnt offend the nose so much,either.可知,炖菜看起来没则糟也没有则鼻子。由关键词either可知,闻起来也没则差,因此也不会则“刺激”鼻子,所以offend的意思为to upset。,名师在线,通过上下文的联系猜测词义。任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联系。因此,考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析,进而猜测词义。这是阅读过程中的一大关键,也是近年来高考考查的热点。,【典例9】(2015湖南,B片段),An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.This raised the level of the citys streets by as much as 12 feet.,This of course created a new problem:dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice:either change the first floors of their buildings into basements,and the second stories into main floors,or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.But what about large,heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel,which was a six-story brick building,63.The underlined word“hoist”in Paragraph 4 means“,”.,A.changeB.lift,C.repairD.decorate,剖析:B,词义猜测题。根据前文可知街道被抬高了12英尺,而本句后半部分则说全部建筑物要与街道的新高度持平,由此可知是抬高建筑物,故选B项。,名师在线,有的生词词义的猜测要求利用自身的生活经验及科学常识进行分析推断。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、社会制度;了解掌握自然知识、自然现象以及现代科技知识。,考点二,猜测短语题,【典例1】,(2015新课标全国,A片段),My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations,signed off,for the night.Fortunately,I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.,2.Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed,off”in Paragraph 1,A.ended all their programs,B.provided fewer channels,C.changed to commercials,D.showed all-night movies,剖析:A,猜测短语题。该短语前的I would keep it on说明作者非常喜欢看电视,一直看到电视台停止播放节目为止,故A项“结束所有的节目”与短语sign off“结束广播/电视节目”意义相近,为正确答案。B项“提供更少的频道”,C项“更换成广告”,D项“播放通宵电影”,均不符合此处语境。,【典例2】(2015安徽,D片段),In fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves,attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.,70.What does the underlined expression“take on”in Paragraph,3 mean,A.Accept.B.Employ.C.Play with.D.Fight against.,剖析:D,猜测短语题。根据画线短语所在句They are completely fearless.attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.可知,此处take on指“对抗”,故选D。,【典例3】,(2015陕西,D片段),Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of,parental involvement,including volunteering at school and observing a childs class,also fail to help,according to the most recent study on the topic.,58.The underlined expression“parental involvement”in,Paragraph 1 probably means,.,A.parents expectation on childrens health,B.parents participation in childrens education,C.parents control over childrens life,D.parents plan for childrens future,剖析:B,猜测短语题。由help their children with homework以及volunteering at school and observing a childs class可知,这是父母在参与孩子的教育,故B项正确。A项表示“父母对孩子健康的期望”,C项表示“父母对孩子生活的控制”,D项表示“父母对孩子未来的计划”,均不合文意。,名师在线,猜测短语的方法同猜测词义的方法大致相同。有时先注意分析短语的意思,然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义会更有利于解决问题。,考点三,猜测句意题,【典例1】,(2015浙江,D片段),They didnt.From day two(everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day),neither thought to walk the dog.While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots,to schedule her vet appointments,to feed and clean her,Misty knew this on day one.As she looked up at the three new humans in her life(small,medium,and large),she calculated,“,The,medium one is the sucker in the pack.”,Quickly,she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld(心灵融合).Shed look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers,beam her need,and then wait,trusting I would understand-which,strangely,I almost always did.In no time,she became my fifth appendage(附肢),snoring on my home-office couch as I worked,cradling against my feet as I read,and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.,56.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to“The,medium one is the sucker in the pack.”(Paragraph 3),A.“The middle-aged person loves me most.”,B.“The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”,C.“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”,D.“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the,family.”,剖析:D,句意理解题。根据前面提到的.I would be the one.Misty knew this on day one.可知,在Misty眼里,the medium one就是指作者。再根据下一段中的Quickly,she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld.可知,很快作者就和狗相处得很融洽了,几乎达到了心灵融合的地步,也就是说,狗比较相信她的女主人了。故选D项。,【典例2】,(2015天津,D片段),Boldness means a decision to,bite off more than you are sure you can eat.,And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideaseven physical strength greater than most of us realize.,Admittedly,those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine,Tim,was an excellent football player,even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player,who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,”said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)and stopped him cold.”,Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to the extremeis not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence builds up.Surely,there will be setbacks(挫折)and disappointments in life;boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.,52.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part,A.Swallow more than you can digest.,B.Act slightly above your abilities.,C.Develop more mysterious powers.,D.Learn to make creative decisions.,剖析:B,猜测句意题。根据文中第二段列举的事例,即蒂姆通过自己的努力战胜了比自己强大很多倍的对手,以及第三段的首句“大胆就是尽情发挥自己的极限”等内容提示可以得知,此处画线部分表示“略高于你的能力进行发挥”,因此B项符合题干要求。A项“吞下比你能消化的还要多的食物”是描述画线部分的字面意义,不符合题干要求;C项“发展更为神秘的能力”、D项“学会做出创造性的决定”均与语境意义不符。,名师在线,做猜测句意题目时,考生除了可借鉴猜测生词和短语的方法之外,还要注意:,1.返回原文,找到该句子,对原句进行语法和词义上的准确分析。正确选项与原句之间往往不需要很多的推理。,2.一般说来,正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同,只不过是用其他的英语词汇表达而已。,考点四,猜测指代题,【典例1】(2015重庆,D片段),Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure,providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses,professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.,48.What does the underlined word“They”refer to,A.Flooded waters.B.Wildlife journeys.,C.Safari camps.D.Unique rides.,剖析:C,猜测指代题。做猜测指代题时一般应该从前文查找答案,画线代词所在句子与其前一句是并列的,前一个句子的主语是the camps,而the camps指前面提到的safari camps,故应该选择C项。,【典例2】(2015浙江,C片段),If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars,we would go in darkness happily,the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的)species on this planet.Instead,we are diurnal creatures,with eyes adapted to living in the suns light.This is a basic evolutionary fact,even though most of us dont think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet its the only way to explain what weve done to the night:Weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.,51.What does“it”(Paragraph 1)most probably refer to,A.The night.B.The moon.,C.The sky.D.The planet.,剖析:A,词义猜测题。it是代词,指代前面提到的事物,而前面提到的是night,指用光来照亮黑夜。,【典例3】(2015湖南,A片段),Cyclists jump on and off pavements(which are meant for pedestrians),ride at speed along the pavements,and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.,I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.,Othe