高初中英语语法大全详细讲解.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高中英语语法,Chapter 1,词类、句子成分和构词法,一、词类（,10,种）,名词,形容词,代词,数词,冠词,动词,副词,介词,连词,感叹词,名词,:,表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。,boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange,代词,主要用来代替名词,who,she,you,it,形容词,表示人或事物的性质或特征,.,good,right,数词,:,表示数目或事物的,one,two,first,动词,：表示动作或状,.,am,is,are,have,see,副词,：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等,now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly,冠词,：用在名词前,帮助说明名词,a,an,the,介词,：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。,in,on,from,above,behind,连词,:,用来连接词、短语或句子,and,but,before,感叹词,:,表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,oh,well,hi,hello.,二、句子成分（,7,种）,主语,:,谁（名词或代词）,I,m Miss Green.,谓语,:,做什么（动词）,He,cleans,the room.,表语,:,怎么样（名词、代词或形容词）,My name is,Ping ping,宾语,:,什么（名词或代词）,He can spell,the word,定语,:,修饰名词或代词,a,big,city,状语,:,修饰动词、形容词、副词（副词）,.works,hard,宾补,:,说明宾语怎么样或干什么,(,形容词或动词,),keep their classroom,clean,同位语,:,紧跟在名词代词后面,进一步说明,Where is your classmate,Tom,?,CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI,英语总复习,名词的数,名词的所有格,名词的变化,可数名词,不可数名词,名词,.,普通名词,专有名词,名词,：,可数名词,不可数名词,单数,复数,转变,一、英语可数名词的单复数,规则变化,在单数名词词尾加,s,s,o,x,sh,ch,结尾的词加,es,以辅音字母加,y,结尾的名词,变,y,为,i,再加,es,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词,变,f,或,fe,为,v,再加,e,s,。,不规则变化,man,men,woman,women,sheep,sheep,不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词,a bag of rice,two bags of rice,a piece of paper,three pieces of paper,Practice:,There are many,(bus)and,(car)on the street.,.I have two,(watch),so I give a,(watch)to my sister.,Yesterday I went to the supermarket and bought some,（,dish,）,cars,buses,watches,watch,dishes,练习：,写出下列单词的单数或复数形式,friend,cat,tree,s,s,question,s,s,key,s,toy,s,photo,s,tomato,es,potato,es,leaf,/leaves,zoo,s,radio,s,holiday,s,baby,/babies,city,/cities,roof,s,bus,es,box,es,二、名词所有格,表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加,s,：,Childerns Day,(,儿童节,),以,s,或,es,结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加,Teachers Day(,教师节,),有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加,s,Chinas population(,中国的人口,).,无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词,of,短语来表示所有关系,a fine daughter of the Party(,党的好女儿,).,单复数同形,:,英语中，有些名词的,单数与复数同行,:,例：,people,、,Chinese,、,Japanese,、,fish,、,deer,（鹿）、,sheep,（绵羊）,e.g:There are,many fish,in the river.,We have,a fish,for lunch.,记住以下,10,个要把,f,或者,fe,改成,v,加,es,的单词：,wife(,妻子,),，,life(,生命,),，,knife(,小刀,),，,leaf(,树叶,),，,thief(,贼,),，,half(,一半,),，,self(,自己,),，,shelf(,架子,),，,loaf(,面包,),，,wolf(,狼,),。,重点,但,roof-roofs(,屋顶,),是例外！,辨认下列哪些是名词，哪些不是名词：,computer,，,take,coffee,，,water,，,run.notebook.bring,table,sport interesting,Monday age new actor sell,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：,1.Different people may have different _.(idea),2.I often go to work on,.(foot),3.I know one of the,.(boy),4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of,.(glass),5.Please give them their,.(photo),6.Are there any,in the box?(watch),7.There are twelve,in a year.(month),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,NOUN.,8.Would you like some,?(tomato),9.Look at those,in the boats!(people),10.Look!The,are singing.(woman),11.September 10th is,Day.(teacher),12.Jim has some,.(knife),13.How much are these,?(vegetable),14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute),15.The girl under the tree is a friend of,_,.(Lucy),Lucys,minutes,vegetables,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,代词,人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,关系代词,疑问代词,连接代词,不定代词,人称代词,物主代词,反身代词指示代词,相互代词,疑问代词,关系代词,不定代词,一,.,概念,二、分类,:,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：,主格,I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格,me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them,adj,性,my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,n,性,mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs,myself,yourself,her,self,him,self,it,self,ourselves,yourselves,them,selves,oneself,this,that,these,those,each other,one another,who,whom,which,whose,what,who,whom,which,whose,that,as,代词是代替名词的一种词类。,用来代替,上文中提到过,的人或物。,大多数代词具有,名词,和,形容词,的功能。,sth;sb;both;all;no;another,others,一,.,人称代词,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,人称,格,数,单数,复数,主格,宾格,主格,宾格,I,you,he,she,it,me,you,him,her,it,we,you,they,us,you,them,主格、宾格、所有格讲解,1,、,人称代词主格,：在句子开头作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。,例,:1),I,amateacher.,2),You,arestudent.,He,isastudent,too.,3),We,/,You,/,They,arestudents.,2,、,人称代词宾格,：在动词或介词后作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。,例：,1,）,Giveitto,me,.,2)Let,s,go(lets=let,us,),3.,物主代词所有格,:,用在名词前，表示是谁的东西,例,:1),Thisis,my,book,.,2),We,love,our,motherland.,我们热爱,我们的,祖国,二,.,物主代词,人称,分类,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单数,复数,单数,复数,单数,复数,形容词性,名词性,my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their,mine,our,s,your,s,your,s,his,her,s,its,their,s,5.Shall _ have a look at that classroom?That is _ classroom.(we),6.Are these _ tickets?No,_are not _._arent here.(they),7.I have a beautiful cat._name is Mimi.These cakes are _.(it),they,their,our,we,theirs,Theirs,its,its,1,、单数你他我，复数一二三，道歉我为先,.,一,.,人称代词,1.,我、你、他、都,18,岁。,_,2.,你们、我们、他们都来自中国。,_.,You,he and I are 18.,We,you and they are from China,2,、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在,not,后多用宾格,.,I like English._ too.,A.I B.He C.Me,1.Who broke the window?,Not _.,A.I B.he C.her,2.Miss Li invited _ have dinner with her.,A.me and you,B.you and I,C.you and me,3.Who taught _ English last term?,A.them B.their C.they,1,Is this _ book?,A,You B,I C,she,D,your,2,Its a bird._ name is Polly.,A,Its,B,Its C,His,D,It,3,Whats that?_ a jeep.,A,its,B,Its C,Its,D,its,4,Whats that in English?_.,A,Its egg,B,Thats egg,C,Its a egg,D,Its an egg,练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空,1.That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I),2.The dress is _.Give it to _.(she),3._ dresses are red.(we),What colour are _?(you),4._ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.(he),my,mine,her,hers,He,His,Our,his,yours,一、选出括号中正确的词，,在正确的词上打勾。,This is,（,my/I,）,mother.,2.Nice to meet,（,your/you,）,.,3.,（,He/His,）,name is Mark.,4.Whats,（,she/her,）,name?,5.Excuse,（,me/my/I,）,.,Exercises,：,正确的代词形式填空。,1._ am Peter._ mom is a teacher.(my),2._ is a tall boy._ name is Jim.(He),3.That isnt a cat._(It/They)is a dog.,4._ are from Britain.Whats _ name?(you).,5._ is new.Whats _ name?(her),6._ are students.(you),I,My,He,His,It,You,your,She,her,They,1.,这是,你的,狗。这只狗是,你的,。,2.,这是,她的,汉堡包。这个汉堡包是,她的,。,3.,这是,他的,猫。这只猫是,他的,。,4.,这些是,我们的,香蕉。这些香蕉是,我们的。,5.,这是,他们的,汽车。这辆汽车是,他们的,。,This is,her,hamburger.This hamburger is,hers,.,This is,your,dog.This dog is,yours.,This is,his,cat.This cat is,his,.,These are,our,bananas.These bananas are,ours,.,This is,their,car.This car is,theirs.,练习二、单项选择。,()1.My uncle gave a new bike to _.A.theirsB.they C.meD.I,()2.This is a photo of _family.,May I have one of _?A.yours;my B.my;yours,C.your;my D.yours;mine,()3.Heres a postcard for you,Jim!,Oh,_is from Mary.A.heB.it C.she D.its,B,B,C,4,、,Give _,（她）,a toy,please.,5,、,_(,你们的,)eyes are black._,（你们）,come from Japan.,6,、,Tim and Bill are twins._,（他们）,are from England.,Show _,（他们）,around _(,我们的,)school.,her,Your,You,They,them,our,三,.,反身代词,人称,分类,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单 数,复数,myself,oursel,ves,yourself,yoursel,ves,himself,themsel,ves,herself,itself,The man is rich,he can buy _ a lot of things.,A.,he,B.,his,C.,himself,2.-What a lovely card!Where did you buy it?,-I made it by _.,A.,me,B.,myself,C.,itself,3.“Help _ to some chicken,”my mother said to the guests.,A.,yourself,B.,yourselves,C.,your,few,/,a few,&,little,/,a little,1,、,2,、,当前面由,only,修饰，常用,a few,或,a little.,3,、,a little,可表示“有点，稍微”,肯定,否定,可数,a few,few,不可数,a little,little,Although all the girls have tried their best,only _ pass the exam.,A.few B.a few C.a little,2.Dont worry.There is _ time left.,A.little B.a little C.few,3.You are so great!_ people in the school can do it.,A.A little B.Little C.Few,不定代词的使用原则,some,和,any,的用法,no,和,none,的用法,all,和,both,的用法,every,和,each,用法,either,和,neither,的用法,other,、,the other,和,another,的用法,many,和,much,的用法,few,、,little,、,a few,、,a little,的用法,四、指示代词,this/that/these/those,单数,复数,用法,1,用法,2,this,these,近指,指下文将要提及的事,that,those,远指,指前面刚提过的事,【,辨析,】one,it,that,it,常用来特指上下文提到的,同类事物,，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，,one,泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的,一份子,，用于代替可数名词，,that,常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的,名词,，以避免重复。,The book is mine.It is very interesting.I have some apples.You can have one.The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.,四,.,指示代词,The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan.,A.that B.this C.it,The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao.,A.that B.these C.those,What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight.,A.it B.this C.that,数词复习,基数词的构成,1,）,1,12,独立成词。,one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve,2,）,13-19,由,3,9+teen,构成。,14four,teen,16-six,teen,17-seven,teen,19nine,teen,特殊拼写,:13 th,ir,teen,15-fi,f,teen,18eigh,t,een,3,）,20,90,以,-ty,结尾。,20tw,en,ty,30-th,ir,ty,40fo,r,ty,50fi,f,ty,80-eigh,t,y,60-six,ty,70-seven,ty,90nine,ty,4,）,21,99,，两位数，十位与个位之间有“”。,21 twenty,one 55 fifty,five 99 ninety,nine,5,）,101999,，三位数，百位与十位,/,个位之间加,and,。,101 one hundred,and,one,840 eight hundred,and,forty,693 six hundred,and,ninety,-,three,14,40,50,15,17,70,90,19,18,80,60,16,序数词的构成,1)1,3,first,second,third,。,2)4,19,相应基数词,+th,特殊拼写,:,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,。,3)20,90,y,变成,ie,+th,如,twent,ieth,。,4)21,99,只把个位的基数词变成序数词,如,twenty-,first,。,5),序数词缩写,-,数字最后两字母,如,1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5.The _ question is much more difficult than this one.,A.sixth,B.six,C.sixteen,D.sixty,51.There are _ months in a year.,A.twelve,B.twelf,C.twelveth,D.twelfth,1.hundred,thousand,(,表示具体数字,),million,billion,2.hundred,s,thousand,s,(,表示概数,),million,s,billion,s,三,.,基数词的用法,数词,(,several,)+,+,of,some,/,many hundred,s,of,1.If a=3,b=4,whats the answer to the problem,a+2ab+1=?,the answer is_.,A.twenty eight,B.twenty-eighth,C.twenty-eight,2.In our school several _ students are able to search the Internet.,A.hunderd of,B.hunderds of,C.hundred,3.Many _ sheep were killed in the accident.,A.thousands of B.thousand,C.thousands,4.There are over nine _ workers in the factory,but _ of young people hope to work in it.,A.hundred;hundreds,B.hundreds;hundreds,C.hundreds;hundred,时间类型,表示法,例,读法,整点,基数词（,+oclock),1:00,30,分钟,分钟,+past+,小时,2:10,=30,分钟,half+past+,小时,3:30,30,分钟,（,60-,分钟）,+to+,（小时,+1,）,4:40,分钟逢,15,即 一刻钟,a quarter,5:15,6:45,简化法,按顺序读基数词,7:50,one oclock,ten past two,half past three,twenty to five,a quarter past five,a quarter to seven,seven fifty,表示在几点钟用介词,at,四,.,数词的表示法,时间,1.Its already 7:40 now.When will the film start?,_.We still have five minutes.,A.A quarter to seven,B.Seven past forty-five,C.A quarter to eight,(1),序数词作定语，前面要加,the,；,The,first truck is carrying a food basket,John lives on,the,fifteenth floor,She is,my,first English teacher.,(2),有时加,a/an,，“,再一,”，“,又一,”的意思,Well have to do it,a second,time,Shall I ask him,a third,time,？,When I sat down,，,a fourth,man rose to speak,They had,a second,child in 1988,序数词的用法,1.In figures(,数字,),a million is _.,A.10,000,B.100,000,C.1,000,000,D.100,000,000,1,5,分子,基数词,分母,序数词,one fifth,2,7,分子,1,分母,+s,two seventh,s,1,4,分子,a,分母,quarter,a quarter,3,4,three quarter,s,1,2,a half,1,3,three,and,one third,3,基数词,+and+,分数,四,.,数词的表示法,分数百分数,1/2,1/3,1/4,24/25,3/4,3,three fourths/three quarters,one third/a third,twenty-four twenty-fifths,three and six sevenths,one quarter/a quarter/one fourth,a half,Can you read a fraction?,1.The accident happened on_.,A.April 5,2001,B.2001,April 5,C.April 2001,5,2.I was born _.,A.in March 8,1993,B.on July 9,1994,C.on May,1995,冠词,不定冠词：,a,、,an,定冠词：,the,零冠词：不用冠词,不定冠词,:,表示名词不特定者,定冠词,:,表示名词为特定者,特指,:,特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物,泛指,:,是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。,不定冠词,a,、,an,1,、泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类。,如：,An elephant is much heavier than a horse.,His father is a taxi driver.,2,、用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。,I have read the books twice,but I want to read a third time.,3,、,a/an,的区别,a,用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，,an,用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。,特殊词：,a usual boy;a useful book;a university;a one leg dog,an honest boy;an hour;an honor,an“a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x”,Exercise,I have _ apple.He has _orange.,This is _ egg.,Jim is _ honest boy and he is _,university student.,4.Do you have _ computer?,5.There is _ car in front of the house.,English is _ useful language.,He is _ unhappy boy.,My father will come back in _ hour.,There is _ beautiful flower.,There is _“u”and _ “s”in the word“use”,Please take _ seat and have _ rest,an an,an,an a,a,a,a,an,an,a,a an,a a,定冠词,the,的用法,1.,第二次提到,This is an apple.,The,apple is mine.,2.,特指,The,boy in red is my brother.,3.,用在独一无二的名词前,地球,the sun,太阳,/the moon,月亮,/the earth,4.,用在最高级前,the young,est,/the,most,beautiful,5.,用在序数词前,the first /the second/the third/the four,th,6.,用在西洋乐器前,play,the,piano/,the,guitar,7.,The+,姓的复数 表示一家人,The Smith,s,/the Green,s,smith,一家,/,格林一家,8.,用在方位名词前 或习惯用法,in the south /on the right/in the day/in the end,_ earth goes round _ sun.,Jim is _ tallest and _ most interesting,3._man over there is my teacher.,4.There is _ orange on the table.,_ orange is mine.,5.I live on _ twelfth floor.,6._ Great Wall is _oldest building.,7.I have _aunt._ aunt is _ doctor.,8.In this exam,he is _ second.,Jim is _ boy.He is _ American boy.,_Yellow River is one of _ longest rivers.,Beijing is in _ north of China,The the,the the,The,an,the,the,The the,an the a,the,a an,The the,the,三,:,零冠词的几种情况,:,1.,不可数名词，复数名词前表泛指,Horses are useful animals.,2.,季节、节日、星期、三餐等之前，一般不加冠词。（除了特指某年的季节等）,on Sunday;have lunch;,on the spring of 2009,3.,球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。,play football;play chess,I like studying English,。,4.,称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。,Doctor,I am not feeling well.,5.,中国,乐器前不加冠词。,play erhu;play piba,6.,在与,by,连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。,by car;by train,.,冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划,。,1,There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall,2,This is _ useful book,Ive read it for _ hour,3,_ elephant is much heavier than _ horse,4,_ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day,5,Lets go out for _ walk,6,Its too hot,Open _ door,，,please,7,There is _ woman over there,_ woman is Meimeis mother,8,_ sun rises in _ east,9,_ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China,10,Are you going to do it _ second time,？,11,Washington is _ capital of _ USA,a,an,the,a,an,An,a,The,the,a,a,The,The,a,the,The,The,the,/,a,the,the,7,、固定搭配,at first at last at noon at home,首先 最后 在中午 在家,on foot in bed in hospital go to school,步行 躺在床上 住院 上学,1.Do you like playing _ soccer?,2.I usually have _ milk for _breakfast,3.We will go to the park on _ Monday.,4.My uncle lives in _America now.,5.Leaves turn yellow in _ autumn.,6.We can go swimming on _Sunday in _summer.,7.March 8,th,is _ Womens Day.,8.His father is ill in _ hospital.,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,1.This is _ orange,_ orange is orange,2.English is _useful language.,3.My brother is _usual boy but _ honest boy.,4.He is holding _umbrella.,5._man in red is his father.Hes at _dinner,6.Who is _ strongest and _ most friendly?,7._girl over there is _ university student.,8.I have _ cat._ cats name is Mimi.,9.Monday is _ second day of a week.,10 _ sun is bigger than_ moon,11.I like playing _ basketball and _ piano.,12.He was born in _ May.,13.I saw _ old man pass by and _old man,looked sad.,an the,a,a an,an,The /,the the,The a,a The,the,The the,/the,/,an the,形容词、副词,一,.,形容词的用法,二,.,副词的用法,三,.,形容词、副词比较等级,用以修饰名词，表示事物的,特征,的词。,e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.,什么叫形容词,?,在句中作,定语,、,表语,、,宾语补足语,等成分,用法,例 句,补充说明,作定,语,This is an,interesting,book,I have nothing,important,to tell you,形容词作定语时放在被修饰词之前，修饰不定代词放在后面,作表,语,The work,is difficult,She looks,happy,today,作表语与系动词连用,作宾,补,Please keep the room clean,I find it very,beautiful,1,、形容词的用法,1.Many local people in Leshan prefer to go to _ in Mount Emei for their summer holiday.,A.somewhere cold,B.cold somewhere,C.somewhere cool,D.cool somewhere,2.Can you