四级翻译语法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,四级翻译语法,四级翻译语法四级翻译语法,在英语中,主语和谓语有两种顺序:一是主语,在前,谓语在后,称为,自然语序,(Natural Order).,反之,如果谓语在主语前面,就是,倒装语序,(,Inverted Order,).,倒装语序,全部倒装,部分倒装,Full Inversion,Partial Inversion,倒装的原因一是语法结构的需要,一是为了强调。,在全部倒装的句子中,整个谓语都放在主语,的前面.,在部分倒装的句子中,只是谓语中的一部分(如助,动词、情态动词、或系动词be等）放在主语的前,面，其余部分仍在主语之后。,全部倒装,部分倒装,助动词?,协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。构成时态和语态。,表示时态,表示语态,构成疑问句,与否定副词not合用，构成否定句,加强语气,最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would,全部倒装,在以,here,there,，,out,in,up,down,away,off,等方位副词或以,now,then,时间副词开头的句子,里，以示强调，采用全部倒装。如：,Some picture-books are,here.,The arrow went up into the air.,A strange man rushed,in.,The bus comes,now.,A cry for help came,then.,They went away.,He comes there.,全部倒装,在以,here,there,，,out,in,up,down,away,off,等方位副词或以,now,then,时间副词开头的句子,里，以示强调，采用全部倒装。如：,Here,are,some picture-books.,Up,went,the arrow into the air.,In,rushed,a strange man.,Now,comes,the bus.,Then,came,a cry for help.,但当代词作主语时不用倒装。如：,Away/Off,they went,./There,he comes,.,形容词,+,连系动词,+,主语,过去分词+连系动词+主语,现在分词+连系动词+主语,介词短语,+be+,主语,2.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，将,表语或表示地点的词语置于句首，采用全部倒装。,表语置于句首时,倒装结构为,”,表语,+,连系动词,+,主语”,.,形容词,+,连系动词,+,主语,Very important in the peasants life is the TV weather report.,过去分词+连系动词+主语,Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.,介词短语+be+主语,Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers,candles and toys.,练习,A group of young men playing chess,are seated,on the ground.,2.A wealth of gold,silver,copper and lead,is hidden,underground.,3.300 Japanese young people,were visiting,Beijing.,4.Our headmaster,is,standing,beside the desk.,部分倒装,用于,so,nor,neither,开头的句子中，表示前面,所说的情况也适用于另一人或物。,句型,so/as+be,(助动词或情态动词）+主语。,句型,nor/neither+be,(助动词或情态动词）+主语。,If Tom goes to the party,so will,Mary.,Our eating habits have changed,as has,our way,of life.,“,I wont do such a thing.”“,Nor/Neither will,I.”,If you dont go,neither shall,I.,但如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，,尽管是用so开头，语序也不颠倒。,注意,_,It was cold yesterday.,_,So it was,.,_Tomorrow will be Monday.,_,So it will.,如果前面一句话表示复杂的内容，用此句型表示：,So it is(the same)with,_I,like,pop music and,dont like,classical music.,_ So it is with Mary./So it is the same with Mary.,2.用于以,never,not,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,seldom,little,nowhere,at no time,by no means,not once,no longer,等含有否定意义的词开头的句子。如：,We shall by no means/at no time give up.,I Never have been to America.,He did not say a word at the meeting.,He does little every day.,They are no longer staying with us.,She has failed not once to keep her promise.,2.用于以,never,not,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,seldom,little,nowhere,at no time,by no means,not once,no longer,等含有否定意义的词开头的句子。如：,By no means/At no time,shall,we,give,up.,Never,have,I,been,to America.,Not a word,did,he,say,at the meeting.,Little,does,he,do,every day.,No longer,are they staying,with us.,Not once,has she failed,to keep her promise.,3.在,not onlybut also;no soonerthan;,hardlywhen;scarcelywhen;not until;,sothat;suchthat,句型中,主句倒装,从,句不倒装,但要注意:,neithernor,连接的句,子前后两个分句都要倒装。,Not only,is she,smart but also she is beautiful.,Such great progress,did he make,that he was,praised.,Not until midnight,did he go,home after work.,So frightened,was he,that he couldnt move a little.,Hardly/Scarcely/,had he entered,the office,when,he realized he had forgotten his report.,Neither,did he know,about it nor,did he care,about it.,4.用于,only,所修饰的副词、介词短语、或状语从句开头时。如：,Only then,did he get,to know the importance of,being honest.,Only in this way,can we learn,English well.,Only when the war was over in 1945,was he able,to get happily back to work.,但,only,修饰主语时不倒装。,Only Dr Yang,can save,his life.,Child,as/though she is,she knows a lot.,Much,as/though I like the color TV set,I cant afford it.,Try hard,as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.,5.as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语、状语或动词原形提前:,形容词,名词(前无冠词）,分词,副词,动词原形,+as/though+主语+情态动词,+as,/though,+主语+be,+as,/though,+主语+谓语动词,强调的词提前,主谓结构并没提前,As/though my father is,old,he keeps up with his English study.,As he was,tired,he continued to work.,As she was,young,she was already director of a factory.,As he tried,hard,he never seemed able to do the work satisfactorily.,As I might,try,I couldnt lift the stone.,练 习,6。用于虚拟语气的条件从句中。,在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有,were,had,should,等词，可将,if,省略，把,were,had,should,移到主语之前，,采取部分倒装。,Were,it to rain tomorrow,the football match,would be put off.,Had,you,put,on more clothes,you wouldnt have,caught cold.,Should,Mr.White,call,what would you say?,7.在一些表示祝愿的句子中。,May,you,make,great progress!,May,you,be,happy!,长对话(二),精听开头结尾,开头,结尾,谈话的主题,双方的态度、建议或决定,主旨题,重点细节,A.It allows him to make a lot of friends.,B.It requires him to work long hours.,C.It enables him to apply theory to practice.,D.It helps him understand people better.,好处 or 坏处,Work very unsocial hours,加班，在社交时间加班工作,What to bring for registration.,Where to attend the class.,How he can get to Frost Hall.,Whether he can use a check.,警惕提问并留意另一方对问题的回答,A.Getting along well with colleagues.,B.Paying attention to every detail.,C.Planning everything in advance.,D.Knowing the needs of customers.,工作+注意事项,He prefers the smaller evening classes.,He has signed up for a day course.,He has to work during the day.,He finds the evening course cheaper.,并列、转折、因果等逻辑关系的短语或句式,选晚课的原因,He prefers the smaller evening classes.,He has signed up for a day course.,He has to work during the day.,He finds the evening course cheaper.,并列、转折、因果等逻辑关系的短语或句式,选晚课的原因,It ends in winter.,It will cost her a lot.,It will last one week.,It depends on the weather.,年代、时间、价格等数字信息,时间,You are taking enough for,a month,instead of,a week,.,At home.,In the mans car.,At the airport.,By the side of a taxi.,地 点,建议：Youd better,why not do?,比较：while,whereas,compared with,in contrast,举例：for example,for instance,a case in point,such a experience befall sb,列举：the first,second,推测：情态动词 must,may/might,can,抓住建议、比较、举例、列举、推测等关键词,Study the map of Quebec Province.,Find more about Quebec City.,Brush up on her French.,Learn more about the local customs.,The lecturers are boring.,The course is poorly designed.,She prefers Philosophy to English.,She enjoys literature more.,谢谢大家！,