高二语法填空.ppt

Yangshuo,China It was raining lightly when I _61_(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours _ _62_,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with _ 63_(it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65_(painting).Instead,I d head straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away_ 66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.arrivedbefore/earlier its that/whichpaintings by Yangshuo _67_(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers _ 68_(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as o ne of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it _69_(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people _70_(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.is Conductedregularlyliving The adobe dwellings(土坯房）61 _(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 _ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 _(able)to“air condition”a house without 64 _（use）electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _65_（slow）during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks,builttheabilityusingslowly the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _66 _(cool)the house during the hot day;_67_ the same time,they warm up again for the night This cycle _ _68_(go)day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus al ways a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures.As _69_(nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _70_ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.to coolatgoesnaturalhow小结文体以记叙文、议论文为主。上下文语境提示3-4个，单词基本形式提示6-7个。侧重对词汇变形的考查。考点一考点一 冠词、代词、介词等小品词冠词、代词、介词等小品词（1）冠词）冠词【例例1】The adobe dwellings(土坯房）61 _(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 _ most modern of architects and engineers.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】62.the【解析解析】考查定冠词。形容词最高级前加定冠词考查定冠词。形容词最高级前加定冠词the。【例例2】Now year late,this river is one of _63_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.（2014新课标新课标）【答案答案】the规律方法1：如何判断空格处应填冠词？l下列情况很可能填不定冠词：(1)_+可数名词(单数)；(2)_+形容词+可数名词(单数)。l下列情况下很可能填定冠词：(1)_(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2)_(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；(3)_(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。【变式精练变式精练】In _68_ word,we should form the good habit of _69_(save)time.（陕西（陕西省西安市第一中学省西安市第一中学2016届高三上学期期中届高三上学期期中考试）考试）【答案答案】68.a【解析解析】考查不定冠词。考查不定冠词。in a word“简而言之，总之简而言之，总之”。（2）代词）代词【例例1】A few hours _ _62_,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with _ 63_(it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】63.its【解析解析】考查代词。该空修饰后面的名词考查代词。该空修饰后面的名词smog，故，故 此此处应填容词性物主代词形式，指代前面的处应填容词性物主代词形式，指代前面的Hong Kong即即用用its。【例例2】Then the driver stoop up and asked,“68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear“It is 69（I）”.She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy.（2014新课标新课标）【答案答案】69.mine/me【解析解析】考查代词。此处意为考查代词。此处意为“是我的包（是我丢是我的包（是我丢了包）了包）”，故填，故填mine/me，作表语。，作表语。规律方法2：如何判断空格处应填代词？（1）无提示词。（2）作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。（3）指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等。【变式精练变式精练】However,before I got on the bike,I felt 78 (extreme)nervous and l was afraid that l would fall off and hurt 79 (me).（吉林省东北师范大学附属中学（吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2016届高届高三上学期第三次模拟考试）三上学期第三次模拟考试）【答案答案】79.myself【解析解析】考查反身代词。句意：考查反身代词。句意：害怕我摔下害怕我摔下来，伤了我自己。故填反身代词来，伤了我自己。故填反身代词myself。3、介词、介词【例例1】For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away_ 66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】by【解析解析】考查介词。表示交通工具的名词前面没考查介词。表示交通工具的名词前面没有冠词，故用有冠词，故用by。【例例2】When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _66 _(cool)the house during the hot day;_67_ the same time,they warm up again for the night.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】at【解析解析】考查介词。考查介词。at the same time是固定词是固定词组，组，“与此同时与此同时”。规律方法3：如何判断空格处应填介词？（1）无提示词：注意搭配问题。（2）与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等。（3）与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语。【变式精练变式精练】Everyone is welcome to come along anytime _68_ 10 am and 4 pm.（河（河南省顶级名校南省顶级名校2016届高三上学期期中考试）届高三上学期期中考试）【答案答案】between【解析解析】考查介词。此处是考查介词。此处是betweenand的用法表的用法表示示“在在之间之间”，句意：在上午，句意：在上午10点到下午点到下午4点之点之间的任何时候都能来。故填间的任何时候都能来。故填between。考点二考点二 连接词连接词【例例1】Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65_(painting).（2015新课新课标标）【答案答案】that/which【解析解析】考查连接词。句意：漓江被许多艺术家所考查连接词。句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。考查定语从句。先行词为绘画。考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，在从句中，在从句中作主语作主语.【例例2】As _69_(nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _70_ thic k the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】70.how【解析解析】考查连接词。根据句意，应用考查连接词。根据句意，应用how修饰形容词修饰形容词thick，连接，连接figured out后面的宾后面的宾语从句。语从句。【例例3】But river wasnt changed in a few days_64_ even a few months.（2014新课新课标标）【答案答案】or【例例4】Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use.（2014新课标新课标）【答案答案】that/which【解析解析】考查连接词。这里考查连接词。这里habit是先行词，指物，后面定语是先行词，指物，后面定语从句中缺少主语，因此用关系代词从句中缺少主语，因此用关系代词that/which引导。引导。规律方法4：如何判断空格处应填连接词？(1)并列连词：如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间，那么就可能填连词。(2)主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。【变式精练变式精练】_5_ most British people dont take these jokes too _6_(serious),foreigners are often puzzled by them.（山西（山西省山西大学附属中学省山西大学附属中学2016届高三届高三12月月考）月月考）【答案答案】5.While【解析解析】考查连接词。句意：尽管大部分的英国人并考查连接词。句意：尽管大部分的英国人并没有严肃对待这些笑话，很多外国人对此很困惑。没有严肃对待这些笑话，很多外国人对此很困惑。while位于句首，表示让步，位于句首，表示让步，“尽管尽管”。考点三考点三 时态、语态、语气时态、语态、语气【例例1】It was raining lightly when I _61_(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】arrived【解析解析】考查时态。根据主句中考查时态。根据主句中was和后一句中和后一句中的的didnt的可知此处应用一般过去时。的可知此处应用一般过去时。【例例2】This cycle _ _68_(go)day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】goes 【例例3】In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It _61_(be)imaginable that it could be ever be cleaned up.（2014新课标新课标）【答案答案】was【解析解析】考查时态。上文提到的是考查时态。上文提到的是1969年发生的事情，因此这里用过去时。年发生的事情，因此这里用过去时。【例例2】A boy on a bike _65_(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.（2014新课标新课标）【答案答案】caught【解析解析】考查时态。故事发生在过去，再根据后面一句考查时态。故事发生在过去，再根据后面一句中的中的was可知，此处用一般过去时。可知，此处用一般过去时。规律方法5：如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气？(1)寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。(2)利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法，(3)判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等，通常用一般现在时。【变式精练变式精练】As I was wondering about this,my uncle ran after me and got hold of the bike.I 83 (slow)down and came to a stop.（吉（吉林省东北师范大学附属中学林省东北师范大学附属中学2016届高三上届高三上学期第三次模拟考试）学期第三次模拟考试）【答案答案】slowed【解析解析】考查时态。句意：我减慢速度，把车停下来。考查时态。句意：我减慢速度，把车停下来。根据该空后面的根据该空后面的came可知，此处用一般过去时。可知，此处用一般过去时。考点四考点四 非谓语动词非谓语动词【例例1】A study of travelers _68_(conduct)by the website TripA dvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】conducted【解析解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一项网站所进行考查非谓语动词。句意：一项网站所进行的调查。过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。的调查。过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。【例例2】Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it _69 _(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people _70_(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】70.living【解析解析】考查非谓语动词。由于考查非谓语动词。由于people和和live之间之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式，在此用作后置定为主动关系，故用现在分词形式，在此用作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。语，相当于一个定语从句。【例例3】The adobe dwellings(土坯房）61 _(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 6 2 _ most modern of architects and engineers.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】61.built【解析解析】考查非谓语动词。过去考查非谓语动词。过去分词作后置定语。分词作后置定语。【例例4】In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwelli ngs admirable is their 63 _(able)to“air condition”a house without 64 _（use）electric equipment.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】64.using【解析解析】考查非谓语动词。介词考查非谓语动词。介词without后接动名词，后接动名词，use去掉字母去掉字母e再加再加-ing。【例例5】It took years of work _65_(reduce)industrial pollution and clean the water.（2014新课标新课标）【答案答案】to reduce【解析解析】考查非谓语动词。这里的句式是考查非谓语动词。这里的句式是“it takes(sb./sth.)some time to do sth.”做某事花费多长时间，故这里应用不做某事花费多长时间，故这里应用不定式。定式。规律方法6：如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词？(1)正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导，如果句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。(2)正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点：1如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词；2如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动词发生的时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done，having done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。【变式精练变式精练】When it comes to _2_(make)the British laugh,there is nothing _3_ _ effective than a socially inappropriate joke.（山西省山西大学附属中（山西省山西大学附属中学学2016届高三届高三12月月考）月月考）【答案答案】2.making考点五考点五 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换行词类转换【例例1】And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it _69_(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people _70_(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.（2015新课标新课标）【答案答案】regularly【解析解析】考查副词。句意：定期为人们安排这里适合考查副词。句意：定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。修饰动词，用副词修饰。旅行的地方。修饰动词，用副词修饰。【例例2】The rive was so polluted that it _62(actual)caught fire and burned.（2014新课标新课标）【答案答案】actually【解析解析】考查副词。考查副词。【例例2】Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is_66(clean)than ever.（2014新课标新课标）【答案答案】cleaner【解析解析】考查形容词比较级。考查形容词比较级。【例例3】While there are _68_(amaze)stories of instant transformation,for most of us the _69_(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be _70_(patience).（2014新课标新课标）【答案答案】68.amazing 70.patient【解析解析】考查形容词。考查形容词。68空应用形容词，修饰后面的空应用形容词，修饰后面的名词。名词。amazing“令人吃惊的令人吃惊的”，一般修饰物。，一般修饰物。70空前面空前面有系动词有系动词be，故该空用形容词。，故该空用形容词。【例例4】While there are _68_(amaze)stories of instant transformation,for most of us the _69_(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be _70_(patience).（2014新课标新课标）【答案答案】69.changes【解析解析】考查名词。这里缺少主语，根据后面的谓语动考查名词。这里缺少主语，根据后面的谓语动词词are可知主语应用复数形式。可知主语应用复数形式。规律方法7：如何判断空格处应填容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换？(1)正确判断形容词、副词的等级。通过语境或特殊句式确定形容词或副词的等级。(2)根据所给词的语法功能确定词的正确形式。【变式精练变式精练】However,before I got on the bike,I felt 78 (extreme)nervous and l was afraid that l would fall off and hurt 79 (me).（吉林省东北师范大学附属中学（吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2016届高届高三上学期第三次模拟考试）三上学期第三次模拟考试）【答案答案】78.extremely【解析解析】考查副词。副词修饰形容词，故填考查副词。副词修饰形容词，故填extremely，“极其地极其地”。