定语从句超详细讲解.doc

定语从句
一 学习目标
1. 熟练掌握定语从句
二 考点解析
⊙定从的功能—解释说明
This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂
This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂
⊙定语从句
定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。
I bought a cow that looked like a horse.
⊙定语从句怎么考？
语法
22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷）
A.whose B.why C.where D.which
完形
Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷）
阅读&写作
A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇）
Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇）

⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
I bought a cow.
The cow looked like a horse.
定语从句：I bought a cow that looked like a horse
I bought a cow.
The cow’s friend was a horse.
定语从句：I bought a cow whose friend was a horse

⊙连接定语从句的步骤：
一 找： 找两句中相同成份,判断相同部分是人或物
二 删： 删除从句中相同部分。
三 替： 用关系词替从句中删除的部分。
四 放： 将关系词放在从句前，将整个从句放到被修饰词后面。
关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系词
关系副词 When, where, why
l 关系代词和关系副词的用法：
1. that 指人或物（指先行词），在定语从句中做主语，宾语或表语
2. Which 指物（指先行词），在定语从句中做主语或宾语
The police found the car that /which ran into mine 警察找到了撞我车的那辆车
My son is no longer the boy that he was 5 years ago 我儿子不是五年前的他了
3. Who 指人（指先行词），在定语从句中做主语
4. Whom 指人（指先行词），在定语从句中做宾语
I want to see the scientist who/that gave us a talk just now我想见见刚才给我们作报告的科学家
The girl whom /that the firefighters saved was sent to the hospital 消防员救得那个女孩被送去了医院
5. Whose 指人或物（指先行词），在定语从句中做定语，即whose+n
I want the book whose cover is red 我想要那本封面是红色的书
注意：whose =the ···of which，the ···of whom
I want the book the cover of which is red
6. Where 指地方（指先行词），在定语从句中做地点状语，有时可以根据意思把where换成in which，at which等
This is the factory where my father worked 20 years ago
This is the factory in which my father worked 20 years ago
这是我父亲20年前工作过的工厂
I think you have got to a point where a change is needed ,or you will fail
我猜你已经到了一个需要改变的地步，要不你会失败
You must not look into the case ,where your brother is involved
你别参与这个案子的调查了，因为你弟弟卷进去了
7. When 指时间（指先行词），在定语从句中做时间状语，有时可以根据意思把when换成in which，on which，during which等
I remember the days when i worked in the country
我记得在乡下度过的日子
July is the month when it is the hottest
July is the month in which it is the hottest
七月是最热的月份
8. Why 指原因，先行词是reason，在定语从句中做原因状语，有时可以根据意思把why换成for which
We do not know the reason why/for which he has gone to shanghai
我们不知道他去上海的原因
l 判断关系代词关系副词
1. 从句中的谓语动词。事实上，及物动词后无宾语，就必须用关系代词；不及物动词则要用关系副词。
This is the mountain village where i stayed last year这是我去年待过的村子
I will never forget the days when i worked together with you 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子
This is a house that/which he used to live in。这就是他曾经住的房子
=This is a house where he used to live
=This is a house in which he used to live
2. 判断相同的部分（先行词）在定语从句中的成分（主语，宾语，定语，状语）
①　 先行词在从句中做主语，宾语选关系代词；作定语只能选whose；作状语选关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）
②　 先行词是point，situation ，case ，condition， 根据单词意思一般选where或when。
⊙挑战
挑战1下
1.Do you know the year ______the Chinese munist Party was founded?
A.which B. that C. when D. on which
2.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
3.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
4.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there

挑战2下
5. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent. (陕西卷)
A.which B. where C. whom D. when
6. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. （浙江卷）
A.as B. whose C. in which D. at which
7. The books on the desk, _____ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. （四川卷）
A. which B. what C. whose D. that

Which or that ？
8. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s. (重庆卷)
A. whom B. which C. them D. That
9.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what

that 和which相比，只能填which的情况
介词
非限制性定语从句
3. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. (福建卷)
A.who B. whom C. that D. which
4.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.. （湖南卷）
A. as B. where C. that D. which

that 和which相比，只能填that的情况
序数词
最高级
不定代
表唯一
人和物
避重复
10.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
11. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it

关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系词
关系副词 When, where, why

⊙定语从句的省略
1，当先行词在从句中作宾语，关系词可省略；
2，当先行词在从句中作主语，且为主动态，关系词可省略，且将谓语变成ing形式；
3，当先行词在从句中作主语，且为被动态，关系词和be动词可同时省略。

1，当先行词在从句中作宾语，关系词可省略；
When it es to giving our kids the education they deserve, Barack knows that like me and like so many of you, he never could've attended college without financial aid.
2，当先行词在从句中作主语，且为主动态，关系词可省略，且将谓语变成ing形式；
That's the man I see in those quiet moments late at night, hunched over his desk, poring over the
letters people have sent him.
The letter from the father struggling to pay his bills...from the woman dying of cancer whose insurance pany won't cover her care...from the young person with so much promise but so few opportunities.
3，当先行词在从句中作主语，且为被动态，关系词和be动词可同时省略。
Through blood drawn by lash（枷锁） and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union
founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free.

三 练习题
如果有选项，就用该题的选项，如果没有选项，则用下列九个选项
A. whom B. who C. / D. That E.which F.where G. When H.why I.whose

1.The place _____interested me most was the Children's Palace.
2.Do you know the man _______ I spoke to?
3.This is the hotel ______they stayed at last month.
4.That is the day _____I'll never forget.
5.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
6.This is one of the best films _ __have been shown this year .
7.Can you lend me the book ______you talked about the other day?
8.The pen _____he is writing with is mine.
9.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
10.The engineer _____my father works with is about 50 years old.
11.It there anyone in your class ____family is in the country?
12.I'm interested in all __ you have said.
13.Li Ming, __ I went with to the concert , enjoyed it very much.
14.He talked a lot about things and persons___they remembered in the school.
15.The letter is from my sister, __ is working in Beijing.
16.I lost a book, ___ title I can't remember now.
17.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous for, in the world.
18.This is the reason ____he didn't e to the meeting for .
19.This machine, __I have looked after for many years, is still working perfectly.
20.He is working hard, ___will make him pass the final exam.