2019届临沂专版中考英语总复习第二部分专项语法高效突破专项9动词的分类及动词短语讲义.ppt

,第二部分 专项语法 高效突破,专项,9,动词的分类及动词短语,高频考点,精讲,1.,实义动词,考点,1,动词的分类,分类,用法,例词,例句,及物动词,本身意义不完整，后面必须跟宾语意义才完整，常用于三种句型：,(1),主语谓语,(,及物动词,),宾语；,(2),主语谓语,(,及物动词,),宾语宾语补足语；,(3),主语谓语,(,及物动词,),间接宾语直接宾语,need,，,want,，,have,，,teach,，,make,等,He reached China the day before yesterday.,他前天到中国的。,They asked me to go swimming with them.,他们让我和他们一起去游泳。,I will return him the ruler.,我准备把尺子还给他。,不及物动词,意义完整，其后不必跟宾语；若跟宾语，则不及物动词需要跟适当的介词连用,come,，,go,，,run,，,travel,，,listen,，,swim,，,live,，,work,等,Mary is swimming.,玛丽正在游泳。,Look at the blackboard.,看黑板。,I like listening to music.,我喜欢听音乐。,2,连系动词,连系动词不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。,分类,例词,例句,be,动词,am,，,is,，,are,，,was,，,were,等,I,m a girl with short hair.,我是一个留着短发的女孩。,感官类,look,，,sound,，,smell,，,taste,，,feel,等,His plan sounds good.,他的计划听起来很好。,The food tastes good.,这种食物尝起来不错。,变化类,become,，,get,，,grow,，,go,，,turn,等,Mr.Black,s face turned red.,布莱克先生的脸变红了。,状态类,keep,，,stay,，,remain,等,The shop stays open till 8 in the evening.,商店一直营业到晚上,8,点。,3.,助动词,助动词本身没有词义,，,不能单独作谓语,，,只能和别的动词一起构成谓语,，,表示时态、语态、语气等特征,，,帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等结构。主要的助动词有,be,，,do,，,have,，,shall,，,will,等。,分类,用法,例句,be,am/is/are,动词,ing,形式,现在进行时；,was/were,动词,ing,形式,过去进行时；,be,过去分词,被动语态,The boy is playing basketball now.,这个男孩现在在打篮球。,The students were reading English when the teacher came in.,当老师进来的时候，学生们在读英语。,Chinese is spoken by most of people in the world.,世界上大多数人说汉语。,do,形式有,do,，,does,，,did,，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气,Do you come from Japan,？你来自日本吗？,He doesn,t like music at all.,他根本不喜欢音乐。,have,have/has,过去分词,现在完成时；,had,过去分词,过去完成时；,have/has,been,动词,ing,形式,现在完成进行时,He has lived here for ten years.,他住在这里已经,10,年了。,By the time I arrived the bus stop,，,the bus had left.,当我到达汽车站的时候，汽车已经离开了。,We have been studying in this school for three years.,我们一直在这所学校学习了三年。,will/shall,will/shall,动词原形,一般将来时；,would/should,动词原形,过去将来时,Shall we go fishing tomorrow,？我们明天去钓鱼好吗？,You should lie down and rest.,你应该躺下休息。,4.,情态动词,分类,含义,用法,例句,can(could),能；会,表示能力,(,be able to),Tom can swim.,Tom is able to swim.,汤姆会游泳。,可以,(,疑问句中,),表示请求,Can I help you,？我能帮助你吗？,Could you give us some advice,？你可以给我们一些建议吗？,can,可能；,can,t,不可能,(,否定句、疑问句中,),表示可能性,Can the news be true,？这则消息是真的吗？,The boy can,t be Jim.He,s much taller.,那个男孩不可能是吉姆，他高得多。,考点,2,常见的动词辨析,形状相同的动词辨析,lie,与,lay,；,rise,与,raise,意义相近的动词辨析,borrow,，,lend,与,keep,；,speak,，,say,，,tell,与,talk,；,hope,与,wish,；,take,，,spend,，,cost,与,pay,；,look for,，,find,与,find out,；,listen to,与,hear,；,look at,与,see,；,get,，,arrive,与,reach,；,answer,与,reply,；,take,，,bring,与,carry,形状不同，意义不同，但容易混淆的动词辨析,discover,，,invent,与,create,；,win,与,beat,；,put on,与,wear,；,forget,与,leave,考点,3,动词短语,类型,例词,同一动词不同介词,/,副词,put on,穿上，增加,(,体重,),；,put up,举起，张贴，搭起；,put off,推迟；,put down,放下,give out,分发；,give up,放弃；,give away,捐赠,come up with,想出；,come from,来自；,come out,出来，出版；,come true,实现,look at,看；,look up,查询；,look after,照看；,look for,寻找,turn on,打开；,turn off,关掉；,turn up,调高,(,声音,),；,turn down,调低,(,声音,),；,turn into,变成,不同动词同一介词,/,副词,show up,出现；,take up,从事，开始；,make up,编造；,hurry up,赶快；,get up,起床；,set up,建立；,clean up,清扫；,eat up,吃光；,cheer up(,使,),变得更高兴，振奋起来；,pick up,捡起,laugh at,嘲笑；,point at,指着,put out,熄灭；,sell out,卖光,动词的固定搭配及组合,take care of,照料，照顾；,take part in,参加；,pay attention to,注意；,catch up with,赶上；,depend on,依赖；,get on well with,与,相处得好；,talk back,顶嘴，反驳；,make a wish,许愿；,do/try one,s best,尽某人最大努力；,make one,s bed,整理某人的床铺,十年真题,全练,近十年来，动词的分类及动词短语是临沂中考的重点考查内容之一，几乎每年都考，考查的内容多以动词和动词短语词义辨析、情态动词和连系动词为主。命题形式以单项填空与选词填空为主；预计2018年，情态动词与动词或动词短语词义辨析仍然是考查重点，其次是连系动词，也要稍加关注。,考点,1,动词的分类及词义辨析,实义动词,12016,临沂，22Before stamps，people didn,t,_,for the letters they sent，but for the letters they received.,Apay Bcost Cspend Dtake,22014,临沂，23It,_,about eight minutes for sunlight(阳光)to travel from the sun to the earth.,Atakes Bspends Ccosts Dpays,A,A,32012,临沂，29It,_,Mr Green an hour to fix up his bicycle yesterday.,Acost Bpaid Cspent Dtook,42010,临沂，25In order to protect the environment，people in Japan have to,_,for their trash.,Acost Bpay Cspend Dtake,52008,临沂，26If you don,t want to,_,for plastic bags in most supermarkets，you,ll have to bring your own shopping bag.,Aspend Btake Cpay Dcost,D,B,C,连系动词,6,2013,临沂，,25,Do you know the song Gangnam Style?,Of course.It,_,interesting.,A,tastes B,smells C,sounds D,feels,情态动词,7,2017,临沂，,20The little boy has just had lunch.He,_,be hungry now.,A,must B,mustn,t C,can D,can,t,8,2016,临沂，,20Students,_,enjoy the colorful school life if they study at home instead of going to school.,A,mustn,t B,can,t C,must D,can,C,D,B,9,2013,临沂，,29,May I play computer games now,，,Mom?,No.You,_,finish your homework first.,A,must B,can C,could D,may,10,2012,临沂，,26Many students come from poor families and they,_,afford school lunches,，,so the government is trying to help them.,A,needn,t B,shouldn,t C,can,t D,mustn,t,11,2011,临沂，,30If you are in the zoo,，,remember not to touch or go near the animals.Although some of the animals are cute,，,you,_,leave them alone.,A,must B,will C,may D,can,A,C,A,12,2009,临沂，,27,Must I answer this question in English?,No,，,you,_,A,mustn,t B,needn,t C,can,t D,shouldn,t,13,2008,临沂，,21,Look,，,Mr.King is swimming in the pool.,It,_,be Mr.King.He has gone to Kunming on vacation.,A,can B,can,t C,must D,mustn,t,B,B,考点,2,动词短语,14.2017,临沂，25In many Eastern European countries，you are supposed to,_,your gloves before shaking hands.,Atake off Bshout off Ccut off Dput off,152016,临沂，28Pick up your pen and draw your own invention.Maybe it will be,_,a real product one day.,Aturned on Bturned down,Cturned off Dturned into,162015,临沂，28A father in the UK has,_,a wonderful idea to send his kids to school on time.He takes his sons to their school in a white tank(坦克),Alooked up to Bmade up,Ccome up with Dshown up,A,D,C,172014,临沂，25When you are swimming，,_,your ears.You can use earplugs(耳塞)to stop water getting into your ears.,Atake after Btake part in,Ctake off Dtake care of,182013,临沂，30The Olympic Games of 2016 will,_,in Brazil.,Atake after Btake off,Ctake place Dtake away,192012,临沂，31If you love what you are doing and work hard，you will,_,anything difficult and succeed.,Aget to Bget over Cget on Dget up,D,C,B,202011,临沂，33Around the world，more and more people are,_,dangerous sports activities，because life in modern societies has become safe and boring.,Ataking out Btaking off,Ctaking part in Dtaking care of,212010,临沂，30A great meeting about weather change,_,in Copenhagen(哥本哈根)in December，2009.,Atook place Btook pride,Ctook care Dtook after,C,A,222009,临沂，26,Lisa，we need to clean the kitchen.Could you,_,the trash?,Yes，sure.,Atake after Btake off,Ctake place Dtake out,232008,临沂，28I have,_,all of my newspapers，but I can,t find the article.,Alooked at Blooked after,Clooked for Dlooked through,D,D,猜押预测,单项填空,1I really need to take more exercise because I,m,_,weight.,Aputting off Bputting on,Cputting down Dputting away,2Mom is making dinner.It,_,so nice!,Asmells Btastes Cfeels Dsounds,3Susan,_,her friend,s invitation because of an important meeting.,Atook down Bput down,Cturned down Dwrote down,4They walked home last night because they couldn,t,_,to take a taxi.,Aleave Bbuy Cafford Dallow,B,A,C,C,5,Please be quiet.Our teacher is coming.,It,_,be our teacher.She has gone to Beijing.,Amust Bmay Ccan,t Dmustn,t,6,Why do you,_,so upset?,Because I didn,t get the first place in the English competition.,Alook Bsound Csmell Dfeel,7Yang Hongying,_,be the boy,s favorite writer.He has written a lot to praise her.,Acan,t Bmustn,t Cmust Dneed,C,A,C,8I can,t go with you.I,_,stay at home until my parents come back.,Acan Bmay Cmust Dcould,9They heard the party was,_,because of the exam.,Aput on Bput up Cput off Dput down,10A smile,_,nothing，but gives much.,Acosts Bspends Ccost Dspent,C,A,C,