2019届福建省中考英语总复习-第十一章-一致原则讲义.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第 十 一 章 主 谓 一 致,谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主语和谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。,考 点,1,语 法 一 致,“语法一致”也就是说句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。,单数可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如：,The water in the river is very clean.,The boys are playing basketball there.,(2),动名词、不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：,To see is to believe.,Reading is learning.,(3),当,and,或,both and,连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。若连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词也用复数，如：,Both the girl and the boy are my classmates.,(4)each,，,either,，,neither,，,one,，,another,，,the other,作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：,Each of the students has got a book.,(5),不定代词,anyone,，,anything,，,everyone,，,everything,，,someone,，,something,，,no one,，,nothing,，,each other,等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：,Something is wrong with my cell phone.,(6),在以下结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的,A,部分保持一致：,A+with/together with/along with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/including+B+,谓语动词,+,，如：,I with my daughter am going to Korea this summer.,(7),表示成双成套的名词，如,trousers,，,shoes,，,glasses,，,compasses,等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；若这类名词与,pair,，,kind,连用时，谓语动词往往与,pair,，,kind,一致，如：,Those pairs of shoes under the bed are mine.,(8)“a number of+,名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“,the number of+,名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：,A number of students have passed the exam.,(9)“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of/half of/all of/none of+,名词”或“分数或百分数,+,名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词；如果是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；如果是不可数名词或可数名词单数，谓语动词则用单数，如：,None of these suggestions are very helpful.,真题热身,()To our surprised,the walls of the new bookstore _ books.(2015,厦门市,),A.are lined with B.is lined C.have lined with,中考真题,A,考 点,2,意 义 一 致,“意义一致”就是从意义的角度来处理主谓语一致问题。有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。,(1),表示时间、金钱、距离、长度、价格等短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：,Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.,(2)class,，,family,，,group,，,team,等集体名词作主语，若作为一个整体来看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，若强调整体中的每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式；集合名词,clothes,，,people,，,police,表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，如：,My family is a small one with three people.,My family are fond of doing sports.,(3),表示学科的、以,s,结尾的名词，如,physics,，,politics,，或不可数名词,news,，,plastics,作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式,如：,No news is good news.,Politics is widely used in our daily life.,(4)“the+,形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，“,the+,姓氏,s”,表示“姓,一家人”时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：,The sick here are very well cared for.,The Blacks are watching TV at home now,.,真题热身,()1.Do you need more time to complete the task?,Yes.Another ten days _ enough.(2014,广东省,),A.is B.was C.are D.were,()2.For kids of this age,two hours of sitting in a classroom _ too long.(2015,绵阳市,),A.is B.are C.was D.were,中考真题,A,A,考 点,3,就 近 原 则,“就近一致”是指谓语动词的形式与靠近它的的主语保持一致。,or,，,either or,，,neither nor,，,not only but also,连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语,(,即第二个主语,),一致。如：,Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.,(2)there be,结构中连接两个或两个以上主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语,(,即第一个主语,),一致。如：,There is a pen and several books on the desk.,There are several books and a pen on the desk.,真题热身,()1.Neither the headmaster nor the teachers take a vacation next week.(2015,呼和浩特市,),A.were going to B.is going to,C.was going to D.are going to,()2.What would you like to have for supper?,Either noodles or rice _ OK.I dont mind.(2015,安顺市,),A.are B.were C.is D.was,中考真题,D,C,